Effect of two oil types and energy levels on broiler performance, carcass quality and skin pigmentation

This study evaluated different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and two oil types: crude soybean oil (CSO) and acidulated soybean oil (ASO), in sorghum-soybean meal diets for broilers. One thousand and eight unsexed Ross 308 chicks aged 1 to 49 days old were used in a factorial arrangement design 2x3. The first factor corresponded to the oils (CSO and ASO) and the second factor corresponded to the ME levels (high, medium and low) in the initiation (1-10 days), growing (11-25 days) and finishing (26-48 days) feeds, with a 90 kcal/kg reduction. The treatments were as follows: (1) CSO with 3010, 3175 and 3200 kcal/kg; (2) CSO with 2920, 3085 and 3110 kcal/kg; (3) CSO with 2920, 3085 and 3200 kcal/kg; (4) ASO with 3010, 3175 and 3200 kcal/kg; (5) ASO with 2920, 3085 and 3110 kcal/kg; and (6) ASO with 2920, 3085 and 3200 kcal/kg. The treatments with high and medium levels of ME (P<0.05) were higher. The carcass weight and skin pigmentation when cold were better in broilers fed with high and medium levels of ME (P<0.05). No effect (P>0.05) between oil types was found. It can be concluded that it is feasible to replace CSO by ASO and to reduce 90 kcal/kg of ME from the recommended amount for the breed during the initiation and growing stages, without affecting their performance

Biodisponibilidad de lisina en dos pastas de soya con diferente nivel de actividad ureásica en pollos de engorda

In  order  to  study  bioavailability  of  lysine  of  two  soybeans  meals  (PSA  and  PSB)  for  broilers  with  different  ureaseactivity  (UA of  0.11 and  0.17 units  of  pH change),  an experiment  was  performed.  Two  hundred  and  ten (210)  chicksRoss  were  used  from  1  to  21  d  of  age,  in  a  completely  randomized  design  with  7  treatments  with  three  replicateseach  one. Treatments  were: 1)  Basal  diet sorghum-soybean  meal (deficient  in  lysine), 2)  Basal  diet+0.05%  L-lysine,3)  Basal diet+0.10%  L-lysine,  4) Basal  diet+0.05%  lysine from  PSA, 5)  Basal  diet+0.10% lysine  from  PSA,  6)  Basaldiet+0.05%  lysine from  PSB and  7)  Basal diet+0.10%  lysine  from  PSB.  The  growth  results  obtained  were  explainedby multiple linear regression equation, based on the data of weight gain, consumption of synthetic lysine  and intakesof  lysine  from  soybean  meals:  Y=X1+  Y=  375.419  +  0.0378  X1  +  0.0366  X2  +  0.0376  X3;  where  X1  accountedsupplementation  with  L-lysine,  X2  with  PSA  (with  addition  of  raw  hull)  and  X3  with  PSB  (with  addition  of  cockedhull).  Comparison  of  the  PSA  or  PSB  slopes  with  the  L-lysine  slope  (i.e.  100  %  bioavailability)  showed  them  all  tohave  >95  %  lysine  availability:  PS  A=  97  %,  PSB=  99  %.  These  results  indicate  that  UA  of  soybean  meal  affectedthe  bioavailability  of  lysine;  therefore  more  than  0.12  urcase  activity  units  of  pH  change,  lower  is  the  availability.Para conocer la biodisponibilidad de lisina para pollos de dos pastas de soya (PSA y PSB), con diferente actividad ureásica (AU 0.11 y 0.17 unidades de incremento de pH), se realizó el presente experimento. Se utilizaron 210 pollitos Ross de 1 a 21 días de edad, los cuales se distribuyeron al azar en 7 tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Lostratamientos fueron: 1) dieta basal sorgo-soya-ajonjolí (deficiente en lisina), 2) dieta basal + 0.05% de L-lisina, 3) dieta basal+0.10% de L-lisina, 4) dieta basal+0.05% de lisina a partir de PSA, 5) dieta basal+0.10% de lisina a partir de PSA, 6) dieta basal+0.05% de lisina a partir de PSB y 7) dieta basal+0.10% de lisina a partir de PSB. Losresultados de crecimiento, se explicaron mediante la ecuación de regresión lineal múltiple, con los datos de ganancia de peso, consumos de lisina sintética o consumos de lisina a partir de las pastas de soya fue Y= 375.419 + 0.0378 X1 + 0.0366 X2 + 0.0376 X3; en donde X1 correspondió a la complementación con L-lisina, X2 con la PSA (con adición de cascarilla cruda) y X3 con la PSB (con adición de cascarilla cocida). Al comparar la pendiente de la pasta de soya A o B, con la obtenida con L-lisina (100%), se tuvieron biodisponibilidades de lisina de 97 y 99 % para las pastasde soya A y B respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que la AU de la pasta de soya afecta la biodisponibilidad de lisina; a mayor actividad ureásica, menor es la disponibilidad

Eficacia de dos fitasas bacterianas en la liberación de fósforo en dietas para pollos de engorda en crecimiento

La eficacia de dos fitasas (Citrobacter brakii y E. Coli) utilizadas en diferentes dosis (500 y 1,000 FTU) se evaluaron en una dieta deficiente en fósforo (0.15% P disponible) formulada a base de sorgo-soya. Para la estimación de la eficacia en la liberación de P de las fitasas evaluadas se utilizó como referencia fósforo inorgánico suplementado a través de fosfato monodicálcico (FMD), para alcanzar una concentración final de P disponible de 0.23, 0.31 y 0.39 %. Para lo anterior la dieta basal deficiente en P se suplementó como sigue: 1) sin fitasas, sin FMD; 2) 0.08% FMD; 3) 0.16% FMD; 4) 0.24% PMD; 5) citrobacter-500 FTU; 6) coli-500 FTU; 7) citrobacter-1,000 FTU y 8) coli-1,000 FTU. Los tratamientos se aplicaron a 216 pollos de la estirpe Ross (27 pollos/tratamiento) de los 7 a 21 días de edad. La ganancia de peso, eficiencia alimenticia y concentración de ceniza y P en tibias fue mayor en los pollos que recibieron 0.39% PMD y los 1,000 FTU de ambas fitasas, no existiendo diferencias en estos niveles entre los tratamientos FMD y fitasas. La cantidad de fósforo liberado no se afectó (P>0.05) por el tipo de fitasa (promedio 0.142 %), pero sí por el nivel de fitasa utilizado (0.102 vs 0.182 % para 500 y 1,000 FTU respectivamente). Los resultados indican que la suplementación con 1,000 FTU/kg de ambas fitasas en dietas deficientes en P resulta en ganancias y eficiencias alimenticias similares cuando las dietas se suplementan hasta 0.24 % de FMD. Ambas fitasas mejoraron en 78.4 % el aprovechamiento del fósforo fítico en dietas sorgo-soya para pollos en crecimiento.

Efecto de un complejo multienzimático y un probiótico en gallinas de postura alimentadas con dietas sorgo-soya-canola

Se realizó un estudio con la finalidad de evaluar los parámetros productivos, concentraciones de IgA secretora intestinal, colesterol, LDL, HDL en suero, de gallinas de postura alimentadas con dietas sorgo + soya + canola con menor contenido de nutrientes adicionadas con un complejo multienzimático (proteasas, amilasas y xilanasas) y un probiótico (Bacillus subtilis). Se emplearon 180 gallinas Bovans White de 42 a 54 semanas de edad distribuidas en un diseño completamente al azar, con 3 tratamientos: 1) dieta testigo, 2) dieta reducida en energía metabolizable (50 kcal/kg y 2% de proteína y aminoácidos metionina y lisina) + enzimas, 3) dieta 2 + probiótico. Para los resultados de rendimiento productivo existió diferencia (P0.05) entre tratamientos. Se puede concluir que la inclusión de enzimas y probiótico permitió reducir nutrientes (EM, proteína y aminoácidos lisina y metionina) con resultados similares en parámetros productivos respecto a la dieta testigo, y sin cambios en inmunidad intestinal, niveles de colesterol, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad en gallinas Bovans White.

Performance and egg quality in semi-free range hens fed diets with different levels of canola meal

Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo y calidad organoléptica del huevo, en gallinas Isa-Brown alimentadas con dietas isoproteicas e isocalóricas sorgo-soya con la inclusión de pasta de canola (PC) (0, 6.6, 13.2 y 26.4 %), como reemplazo de la proteína (0, 25, 50 y 90 %) de pasta de soya (PS). Se realizaron dos experimentos. En el primero se reemplazó el 0, 50 y 90 %, se utilizaron 405 gallinas de 23 a 31 semanas de edad, en tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones de 45 gallinas cada una. En el segundo, se reemplazó el 0, 25 y 50 %, se utilizaron 405 gallinas de 40 a 48 semanas de edad, en tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones de 45 gallinas cada una. Los resultados en ambos experimentos para porcentaje de postura, peso de huevo, consumo de alimento, masa de huevo, conversión alimenticia, unidades Haugh, color de la yema y grosor de cascarón, indicaron que no existió diferencia (P >0.05) entre tratamientos. Los datos para sabor del huevo en el Exp 1, mostraron diferencia (P 0.05) entre tratamientos. Se puede concluir que gallinas Isa Brown alimentadas con dietas sorgo- PS, con el reemplazo de 25, 50 y 90 % de proteína de PS por proteína de PC, no afectó el rendimiento productivo, unidades Haugh y color de la yema; sin embargo, el reemplazo del 90 % (26.4 % de inclusión de PC), impartió al huevo sabor a pescado.In order to evaluate performance and organoleptic quality of egg-Isa Brown hens fed sorghum-soybean meal isoproteic and isocaloric diets with different levels of inclusion of canola meal (0.0, 6.6, 13.2 and 26.4 %) as a replacement (0.0, 25, 50 and 90 %) for soybean meal protein (SM), two experiments were conducted. In Exp 1, 13.2 and 26.4 % canola meal levels were used in 405 hens, 23 to 31 wk of age, in three treatments (including a control with 0 % canola meal) with three replicates of 45 hens each. In Exp 2, 6.6 and 13.2 % canola meal levels were used in 405 hens, 40 to 48 wk of age, in three treatments (including a control with 0 % canola meal) with three replicates of 45 hens each. Canola meal inclusion level had no effect (P >0.05) on laying percentage, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion, Haugh units, yolk color and shell thickness in either experiment. Only egg flavor in Exp 1 differed among treatments in that sensory test panelists preferred (P 0.05) in organoleptic variables were noted in Exp 2. Replacement of 25, 50 and 90 % of protein from soybean meal had no effect on performance or egg quality parameters in ISA Brown hens. However, replacement of 90 % of the protein (26.34 % inclusion with canola meal) imparted a fishy odor to the eggs

Dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide enhances neonatal immune responses in chickens during natural exposure to <it>Eimeria </it>spp

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Control and eradication of intestinal infections caused by protozoa are important biomedical challenges worldwide. Prophylactic control of coccidiosis has been achieved with the use of anticoccidial drugs; however, the increase in anticoccidial resistance has raised concerns about the need for new alternatives for the control of coccidial infections. In fact, new strategies are needed to induce potent protective immune responses in neonatal individuals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The effects of a dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide (yeast cell wall; YCW) on the local, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and intestinal replication of coccidia were evaluated in a neonatal animal model during natural exposure to <it>Eimeria </it>spp. A total of 840 one-day-old chicks were distributed among four dietary regimens: A) Control diet (no YCW) plus anticoccidial vaccine); B) Control diet plus coccidiostat; C) YCW diet plus anticoccidial vaccination; and D) YCW diet plus coccidiostat. Weight gain, feed consumption and immunological parameters were examined within the first seven weeks of life.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Dietary supplementation of 0.05% of YCW increased local mucosal IgA secretions, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and reduced parasite excretion in feces.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall in neonatal animals can enhance the immune response against coccidial infections. The present study reveals the potential of YCW as adjuvant for modulating mucosal immune responses.</p

El uso de granos secos de destilería con solubles (DDGS) en dietas sorgo-soya para pollos de engorda y gallinas de postura

In order to study the productive performance in broilers and hens fed DDGS, two experiments were conducted: In Exp 1, 704 Ross chicks were used from 1 to 49 d of age, divided in four treatments with eight replicates of 22 birds each one, in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: T1) sorghum-soybean meal basal diet, T2) as 1 +7% DDGS, T3) as 1 +14% DDGS, 4) as 1 +21% DDGS. In Exp 2, 288 hens Bovans White 35 wk of age were used, kept in cages for 56 d of experimentation. A completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates of 12 hens each one was used. The treatments were: 1) sorghumsoybean meal basal diet, 2) as 1 +3% DDGS, 3) as 1 +6% DDGS, 4) as 1 +9% DDGS. The results in Exp 1, indicated (P>0.05) than the addition of 7 % of GSDS, did not affect performance and carcass yield. The results in Exp 2 showed that the use of 3, 6 and 9 % of DDGS (P>0.05) did not affect performance. There was a beneficial effect (P>0.05) in the pigmentation of egg yolk, being higher in DDGS treatments. With the results obtained in this study, we conclude that the addition of DDGS in sorghum-soybean meal diets until 7 % in broilers and 9 % in laying hens is an alternative source of protein and energy.Para estudiar el comportamiento productivo en pollos y gallinas con dietas adicionadass con granos secos de destilería con solubles (DDGS), se realizaron dos experimentos. En el primero se emplearon 704 pollos Ross de 1 a 49 días de edad, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con ocho repeticiones de 22 pollos cada uno. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta basal sorgo-soya, T2) como 1+7% DDGS, T3) como 1+14% de DDGS, T4) como 1+21% de DDGS. En el segundo experimento, se utilizaron 288 gallinas Bovans White de 35 semanas de edad, alojadas en jaulas durante 56 días de experimentación. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar de cuatro tratamientos con tres repeticiones de 12 gallinas cada una. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta basal sorgo-soya, 2) como 1+3% DDGS, 3) como 1+6 % de DDGS, 4) como 1+9% de DDGS. Los resultados del Exp 1, indicaron que la adición del 7% de DDGS, no afectó el comportamiento productivo y de la canal (P>0.05). Los resultados en el Exp 2, mostraron que el empleo de 3, 6 y 9 % de DDGS no afectó el comportamiento productivo (P>0.05). Hubo un efecto benéfico (

Effect of the Addition of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell walls (YCWs) in diets with low doses of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), alone or in combination, on broiler performance and immune response. A total of 210 male broilers aged 1–21 days were used. Broilers were completely randomized into seven treatments with five replicates of six broilers each, as follows: 1) control diet; 2) control + 350 µg/kg AFB1; 3) Control + 350 µg/kg OTA; 4) Control + 350 µg/kg AFB1 and 350 µg/kg OTA; 5) Control + 350 µg/kg AFB1 and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 6) control + 350 µg/kg OTA and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 7) control + 350 µg/kg AFB1, 350 µg/kg OTA, and 1.5 kg/ton YCW. The broilers were housed under environmentally controlled conditions in Petersime battery cages. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion index were measured. The relative weights of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius (BF) were evaluated. The local immune response was assessed by quantifying the level of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA). The cellular immune response was evaluated using a delayed hypersensitivity test. Hemograms and blood cell counts were also performed. The results showed that mycotoxins decreased performance and reduced the immune response (p&lt;0.05) of broilers. Weight gain and feed conversion improved in the groups receiving YCWs. The YCWs increased (p&lt;0.05) intestinal IgAs and the cellular immune response (p&lt;0.05). The addition of YCWs also affected the relative weight of the thymus, spleen, and BF (p&lt;0.05), and the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and heterophil counts (p&lt;0.05). The addition of YCWs can be an alternative to counterage the negative effect of low doses of AFB1 and OTA in broilers diets

Demographic, clinical, and functional determinants of antithrombotic treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Altres ajuts: Alliance Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer.Background: This study assessed the sociodemographic, functional, and clinical determinants of antithrombotic treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) attended in the internal medicine setting. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in NVAF patients who attended internal medicine departments for either a routine visit (outpatients) or hospitalization (inpatients). Results: A total of 961 patients were evaluated. Their antithrombotic management included: no treatment (4.7%), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (59.6%), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (21.6%), antiplatelets (6.6%), and antiplatelets plus anticoagulants (7.5%). Permanent NVAF and congestive heart failure were associated with preferential use of oral anticoagulation over antiplatelets, while intermediate-to high-mortality risk according to the PROFUND index was associated with a higher likelihood of using antiplatelet therapy instead of oral anticoagulation. Longer disease duration and institutionalization were identified as determinants of VKA use over DOACs. Female gender, higher education, and having suffered a stroke determined a preferential use of DOACs. Conclusions: This real-world study showed that most elderly NVAF patients received oral anticoagulation, mainly VKAs, while DOACs remained underused. Antiplatelets were still offered to a proportion of patients. Longer duration of NVAF and institutionalization were identified as determinants of VKA use over DOACs. A poor prognosis according to the PROFUND index was identified as a factor preventing the use of oral anticoagulation