Diagnostico de restauración ecológica de una zona degradada en el Jardín Botánico Universidad de la Amazonia

La restauración ecológica se considera como una herramienta que permite el restablecimiento de hábitats degradados y tiene como fin imitar la estructura, la función, la diversidad y la dinámica del ecosistema general. Con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial de restauración en áreas que han sido utilizadas para la agricultura, se realizó un ejercicio de restauración en el área urbana del Municipio de Florencia-Caquetá, estableciendo seis parcelas de 4 m2, practicándoseles los siguientes tratamientos: Remoción de tierra y extracción de banco de retoños (REBR), Remoción de banco de retoños (RBR), Inoculación de banco de semillas de bosque en parcela con remoción de suelo (IRS), Intervención con fuego (IF), Remoción con percha (RP) y Percha sin remoción (CP). Después de tres muestreos se registraron las especies vegetales presentes antes y después de dos meses de la intervención, encontrándose once familias con 26 especies, teniendo la familia Poaceae la mayor cantidad de individuos y cuyo género más representativo fue Paspalum con seis especies. Al calcular el índice de diversidad Margalef, se encuentra que la parcela con mayor diversidad fue RP con valor de 7,4, mientras las de menor diversidad fueron IRS y IF, con valores de 3,3 y 3,6 respectivamente. El análisis de datos establece que una zona utilizada para la agricultura y posteriormente abandonada como en este caso, la restauración es difícil por falta de vegetación riparia cerca y degradación del suelo, que disminuye la capacidad de establecimiento de especies, causando retardo en la llegada de especies sucesionales tempranas y tardías

Biología y ecología de Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (milpes) en un rodal de la amazonia colombiana

En la presente investigación se hizo una evaluación en un rodal de Oenocarpus bataua Mart. en el territorio del Cabildo Uitoto de Jerusalén, Resguardo Puerto Sabalo - Los Monos, Municipio de Solano, Departamento del Caquetá a 210 m de altitud; se tomo una unidad muestral de 0.1 Ha en una parcela de 100 x 10 m donde se censaron individuos con DAP ≥a 10 cm, una parcela de 1 Ha en la cual solo se tomaron los individuos pertenecientes a O. bataua y un censo realizado en un área de 4 Ha, en las cuales, además se tomo información básica de aspectos biológicos. En las 4 Ha se reporto un total de 807 individuos de los cuales 631 fueron adultos y 176 juveniles. En la parcela de 0.1 Ha se evaluó la vegetación asociada, para lo cual se realizaron cálculos con miras a determinar la estructura horizontal y vertical de la comunidad vegetal con lo cual se calculo el índice de valor de importancia (IVI). También se recogió información referente al uso y métodos de extracción realizadas por la comunidad local

Composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas de Cymbopogon nardus y Cymbopogon citratus

El aceite esencial de hojas de Cymbopogon nardus y Cymbopogon citratus fue obtenido por destilación por arrastre con vapor de agua y analizado por cromatografía de gases de alta resolución (CGAR) y cromatografía de gases de alta resolución acoplado a espectrometría de masas (CGAR-EM) la composición química del aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de Citronela (Cymbopogon nardus) y Limoncillo (Cymbopogon citratus) cultivados en Caquetá. En el aceite esencial de C. nardus predominó citronelal (26%), geraniol (14%), elemol (9.9%), germacreno D-4-ol (6.5), citronelol (6.1%) y acetato de geranilo (5.6%), mientras que en el de C. citratos predominó geranial (49.7%), neral (30.5%) y â-mirceno (12.2%). El aceite esencial de C. citratus es menos denso y más ácido que el de C. nardus, en tanto que ambos aceites son dextro-rotatorios. De otro lado, se registran los espectros IR y UV de ambos aceites esenciales

Evaluación fitoquímica y de actividad antimicrobiana de dos extractos de plantas amazónicas

Se hicieron análisis fitoquímico preliminar y antimicrobiano a los extractos etanólicos y las fracciones de éter de petróleo y acetato de etilo obtenidas por partición líquido-líquido, de las plantas amazónicas: Crepidospermum goudotianum (Burseraceae) e Irlbachia alata (Gentianaceae). Las dos plantas presentaron alcaloides, fenoles, cumarinas, saponinas, esteroides y/o triterpenoides. La fracción de éter de petróleo de C. goudotianum presentó actividad antifúngica frente a C. albicans

Evaluación fitoquímica y de actividad antimicrobiana de dos extractos de plantas amazónicas

Se hicieron análisis fitoquímico preliminar y antimicrobiano a los extractos etanólicos y las fracciones de éter de petróleo y acetato de etilo obtenidas por partición líquido-líquido, de las plantas amazónicas: Crepidospermum goudotianum (Burseraceae) e Irlbachia alata (Gentianaceae). Las dos plantas presentaron alcaloides, fenoles, cumarinas, saponinas, esteroides y/o triterpenoides. La fracción de éter de petróleo de C. goudotianum presentó actividad antifúngica frente a C. albicans

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Seeds used in handicrafts manufactured by an emberá-katío indigenous population displaced by violence in colombia

The sale of handicrafts embellished with seeds is an important source of income for a displaced indigenous Emberá-Katío group that lives in the city of Florencia (Departamento of Caquetá, Colombia). We provide a list of the 34 plant species (23 genera in 10 families) used in handicrafts, as well as information on where and how the are obtained. Seeds of native legumes (family Fabaceae) are the main material used. Most manufactured items have seeds of Ormosia nobilis (Fabaceae), Canna edulis (Cannaceae), and Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae). About half of the plant species used by the Emberá-Katío are perennial trees. Except for the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi (Poaceae) and Ormosia sp., which are obtained from other local indigenous groups such as the Koreguajes and Uitotos, all seeds are collected from small patches of secondary forest near or within the city. Because most plants used are native and widely distributed in the Neotropical region, we suggest that, despite cultural transformation, at least some cultural knowledge about native plants is still maintained, and we speculate that other Emberá groups might use the same or similar plant species. We also provide the Spanish and Emberá names of the plants used in the handicraft

Checklist of Orchidaceae from Caquetá, Colombia.

A checklist of Orchidaceae from Caquetá, Colombia is presented here. We recorded 98 genera and 418 species, exceeding a previous inventory by 276 species. The checklist is conservative in the number of genera and species by including only taxa that were fully and reliably identified and that are either linked to a corresponding herbarium voucher, a living collection specimen or a photo taken in the field and published in iNaturalist by one of the authors or a collaborator. The documented species diversity in the region could dramatically increase in the next few years with additional collecting efforts in the eastern slopes of the Andes nested in Caquetá. About 9% (418/4600) of all Orchidaceae species recorded for Colombia are reported for this area, showing the important contribution to orchid diversity of Andean-Amazonian foothills of Caquetá