São Belebreu: um boneco santificado num festejo carnavalesco

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Artes Visuais, 2016.No presente estudo, abordo como sujeito de pesquisa São Belebreu no seu Festejo carnavalesco. Procuro identificar Belebreu na sua condição de santo e boneco, ressaltando nas manifestações sagradas e profanas em que ele está inserido, a teatralidade, elementos de carnavalização e realismo cômico grotesco. O “Festejo de São Belebreu” é uma brincadeira do Nordeste brasileiro, que acontece na terça-feira de carnaval, na cidade de Viana – Maranhão, na comunidade de Centro de Antero de Santeiro. Com apoio nos estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre a cultura cômica popular e a abordagem de outros autores da área do teatro e da antropologia, busco contextualizar este estudo. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foram feitas três idas ao campo, nas quais foram realizadas observações, entrevistas semiestruturadas com moradores da comunidade, registro audiovisual dos acontecimentos do Festejo e revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema proposto.This research is focused on the saint Belebreu in its Carnivalesque Feast. We seek to identify Belebreu in his holy status and as “puppet”, emphasizing the sacred and profane manifestations in which he is inserted, the theatricality, the carnivalesque elements and the comic grotesc realism. The “Festejo de São Belebreu” is a popular party in the northeastern region of Brazil that happens on Tuesday of carnival in Viana city, Maranhão State, in the community of Centro de Antero de Santeiro. This study is based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin on popular comic culture and the approach of other authors of the theater and anthropology areas. For this survey we made three field research trips, in which we carried out observations, semi-structured interviews with the community of residents, as well as audiovisual records of the celebration events and a bibliographic review on the topic proposed here

Impacto do apoio social sobre os sintomas de mulheres brasileiras com fibromialgia

ResumoObjetivou‐se avaliar o impacto do apoio social sobre os sintomas de mulheres brasileiras com fibromialgia (FM). Trata‐se de um estudo observacional descritivo que selecionou 66 mulheres que atendiam aos critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia (ACR) de 1990. O apoio social foi medido com o Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS), a funcionalidade com o Questionário do Impacto da Fibromialgia (FIQ), a depressão com o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), a ansiedade com a Escala de Ansiedade de Hamilton (HAS), a afetividade com o Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Panas) e foi feita algometria para registrar o limiar da dor à pressão (LDP) e a tolerância álgica à pressão (TAP) nos 18 pontos recomendados pelo ACR. Os pacientes foram divididos nos grupos apoio social normal (ASN) ou ruim (ASR); o ASR foi definido como uma pontuação nos MOS‐SSS abaixo do percentil 25da amostra total. Usou‐se o teste de Mann‐Whitney ou o teste t não pareado para comparar variáveis intergrupos e o de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas. Usaram‐se a análise de covariância e o teste de correlação de Pearson. Não houve diferença nas variáveis sociodemográficas entre os grupos ASN e ASR. Observaram‐se diferenças entre os grupos ASN e ASR para todas as quatro subcategorias de apoio social e pontuação total do MOS‐SSS. Encontraram‐se diferenças significativas entre o ASN e o ASR na depressão (p=0,007), afeto negativo (p=0,025) e LDP (p=0,016). A subcategoria apoio afetivo mostrou correlação positiva entre a dor e o afeto positivo no grupo ASR. A subcategoria interação social positiva mostrou uma correlação negativa entre o FIQ e o estado de depressão. Portanto, o apoio social parece contribuir para a melhoria na saúde mental e física na FM.AbstractWe aimed to assess the impact of social support on symptoms in Brazilian women with FM. An observational, descriptive study enrolling sixty‐six women who met the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Social support was measured by the Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS), functionality was evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), affectivity was measured by Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and algometry was carried out to record pressure pain threshold (PPth) and tolerance (PPTo) at eighteen points recommended by the ACR. Patients were divided into normal (NSS) or poor social support (PSS) groups with PSS defined as having a MOS‐SSS score below the 25th percentile of the entire sample. Mann‐Whitney or Unpaired t‐test were used to compare intergroup variables and Fisher's for categorical variables. Analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation test were used. No differences in sociodemographic variables between PSS and NSS were found. Differences between NSS and PSS groups were observed for all 4 subcategories of social support and MOS‐SSS total score. Significant differences between NSS and PSS on depression (p= 0.007), negative affect (p= 0.025) and PPTh (p= 0.016) were found. Affectionate subcategory showed positive correlation between pain and positive affect in PSS. Positive social interaction subcategory showed a negative correlation between FIQ and depression state. Therefore social support appears to contribute to ameliorate mental and physical health in FM

Flavonoids from the Brazilian plant Croton betulaster inhibit the growth of human glioblastoma cells and induce apoptosis

This study investigated the effects of the flavonoids 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, casticin, and penduletin, isolated from Croton betulaster Müll Arg., Euphorbiaceae, a plant utilized in popular medicine in Brazil, on the growth and viability of the human glioblastoma cell line GL-15. We observed that 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone and casticin were not toxic to GL-15 cells after 24 h of exposure. However, casticin and penduletin inhibited the metabolic activity of glioblastoma cells significantly at a concentration of 10 μM (p ≤ 0.05). Flavonoids casticin and penduletin also induced a significant and dose-dependent growth inhibition beginning at 24 h of exposure, and the most potent flavonoid was penduletin. It was also observed that penduletin and casticin induced an enlargement of the cell body and a reduction of cellular processes, accompanied by changes in the pattern of expression of the cytoskeletal protein vimentin. Signs of apoptosis, such as the externalization of membrane phosphatidyl serine residues, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation, were also detected in cells treated with 50–100 μM flavonoids. Our results indicate that flavonoids extracted from C. betulaster present antitumoral activity to glioblastoma cells, with penduletin proving to be the most potent of the tested flavonoids. Our results also suggest that these molecules may be promising supplementary drugs for glioblastoma treatment

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Segregação socioespacial e especulação imobiliária no espaço urbano.

The aim of the paper is to analyze how current forms of occupation and use connected to the capitalist dynamic soil structure and practices of socio-spatial segregation of land values. Methodological procedure as bibliographic and documentary research was used. As a result argues that the execution of housing programs has favored property speculation and promoted- the socio-spatial segregation of lowincome population in the peripheral areas of the city of Londrina (PR), producing barriers on the right to adequate housing accentuating social and economic contradictions.O objetivo do artigo é analisar como as atuais formas de uso e ocupação do solo conectados à dinâmica capitalista, estruturam práticas de segregação socioespacial e de valorização fundiária. Como procedimento metodológico foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado procura demonstrar que a execução de programas habitacionais tem favorecido a especulação imobiliária e promovido a segregação socioespacial da população de menor renda nos territórios periféricos da cidade de Londrina - PR, produzindo entraves sobre o direito à moradia digna acentuando as contradições sociais e econômicas.

Política de regularização fundiária urbana de interesse social em Londrina, Paraná

Given the large number of irregular and precarious residences in urban spaces, Brazil regulated the right to decent housing and the policy for land regularization, questioning the social function of urban property. By means of qualitative research (a bibliographic and document analysis, complemented by a focus group) this article analyzes the policy for regularization of land in the social interest as a mechanism for assuring the right to housing, highlighting, among the various precarious settlements in Londrina, Paraná, the city's first urban settlement, União da Vitória, which rose in the 1980s. As a result, it explains that this policy has still not been totally consolidated by the municipal government and remains a great challenge beyond the legal security of possession of an urban lot.Diante do grande número de habitações irregulares e precariedade habitacional nos espaços urbanos, o Brasil regulamentou o direito à moradia digna e a política de regularização fundiária colocando em questão a função social da propriedade urbana. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa (análise bibliográfica e documental, complementada por grupo focal), este artigo analisa a política de regularização fundiária de interesse social como mecanismo para assegurar o direito à moradia destacando, entre os diversos assentamentos precários de Londrina, Paraná, o primeiro assentamento urbano, União da Vitória, surgido na década de 1980. Como resultado, explica que tal política ainda não foi totalmente consolidada pelo poder público municipal e permanece como um grande desafio para além da segurança jurídica da posse do lote urbano

Impacts of social support on symptoms in Brazilian women with fibromyalgia

ABSTRACT We aimed to assess the impact of social support on symptoms in Brazilian women with FM. An observational, descriptive study enrolling 66 women who met the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Social support was measured by the Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), functionality was evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), affectivity was measured by Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and algometry was carried out to record pressure pain threshold (PPth) and tolerance (PPTo) at 18 points recommended by the ACR. Patients were divided into normal (NSS) or poor social support (PSS) groups with PSS defined as having a MOS-SSS score below the 25th percentile of the entire sample. Mann-Whitney or Unpaired t-test were used to compare intergroup variables and Fisher's for categorical variables. Analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation test were used. No differences in sociodemographic variables between PSS and NSS were found. Differences between NSS and PSS groups were observed for all four subcategories of social support and MOS-SSS total score. Significant differences between NSS and PSS on depression (p = 0.007), negative affect (p = 0.025) and PPTh (p = 0.016) were found. Affectionate subcategory showed positive correlation between pain and positive affect in PSS. Positive social interaction subcategory showed a negative correlation between FIQ and depression state. Therefore social support appears to contribute to ameliorate mental and physical health in FM

Segregação socioespacial e especulação imobiliária no espaço urbano.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar como as atuais formas de uso e ocupação do solo conectados à dinâmica capitalista, estruturam práticas de segregação socioespacial e de valorização fundiária. Como procedimento metodológico foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado procura demonstrar que a execução de programas habitacionais tem favorecido a especulação imobiliária e promovido a segregação socioespacial da população de menor renda nos territórios periféricos da cidade de Londrina - PR, produzindo entraves sobre o direito à moradia digna acentuando as contradições sociais e econômicas.