Patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes need improved management: a report from the EUROASPIRE IV survey: a registry from the EuroObservational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology

BACKGROUND: In order to influence every day clinical practice professional organisations issue management guidelines. Cross-sectional surveys are used to evaluate the implementation of such guidelines. The present survey investigated screening for glucose perturbations in people with coronary artery disease and compared patients with known and newly detected type 2 diabetes with those without diabetes in terms of their life-style and pharmacological risk factor management in relation to contemporary European guidelines. ----- METHODS: A total of 6187 patients (18-80 years) with coronary artery disease and known glycaemic status based on a self reported history of diabetes (previously known diabetes) or the results of an oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c (no diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes) were investigated in EUROASPIRE IV including patients in 24 European countries 2012-2013. The patients were interviewed and investigated in order to enable a comparison between their actual risk factor control with that recommended in current European management guidelines and the outcome in previously conducted surveys. ----- RESULTS: A total of 2846 (46%) patients had no diabetes, 1158 (19%) newly diagnosed diabetes and 2183 (35%) previously known diabetes. The combined use of all four cardioprotective drugs in these groups was 53, 55 and 60%, respectively. A blood pressure target of 9.0% (>75 mmol/mol). Of the patients with diabetes 69% reported on low physical activity. The proportion of patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes was low (≈40 %) and only 27% of those with diabetes had attended diabetes schools. Compared with data from previous surveys the use of cardioprotective drugs had increased and more patients were achieving the risk factor treatment targets. ----- CONCLUSIONS: Despite advances in patient management there is further potential to improve both the detection and management of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease

Aplicación didáctica de la canción popular en los estudios de Musciología. Recursos audiovisuales (televisión y radio) para el discente activo

Memoria ID-0149. Ayudas de la Universidad de alamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Valor pronóstico de la medición de la disfunción endotelial en la arteria braquial por ultrasonidos en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo

Tesis doctoral inédita leida en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 18 de Marzo de 200

La importancia de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en las mujeres

Sin financiación27.206 JCR (2021) Q1, 5/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems9.756 SJR (2021) Q1, 1/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2021UE

In vitro neutralizing activity of BNT162b2 mRNA-induced antibodies against full B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant.

SARS-CoV-2 variation represents a serious challenge to current COVID-19 vaccines. Recent reports suggest that B.1.351 and other variants may escape the neutralization activity of the antibodies generated by current vaccines. Ninety-nine healthcare workers undertaking BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were sampled at baseline, on the day of the second dose, and 14 days after the latter. Neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 was investigated using a Vero-E6 model. Eleven of the study participants had prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. Neutralization titers against the B.1 and the B.1.1.7 variants were not statistically different and were significantly higher than titers against the B.1.351 variant across pre-exposed and non-pre-exposed vaccinated individuals (p 1/80 after a single dose, while only 11% of non-exposed vaccinated individuals had titers >1/80. BNT162b2 mRNA-induced antibodies show a lower in vitro neutralizing activity against B.1.351 variant compared to neutralization against B.1.1.7 or B.1 variants. Interestingly, for individuals pre-exposed to SARS-CoV-2, one dose of BNT162b2 mRNA may be adequate to produce neutralizing antibodies against B.1.1.7 and B.1, while two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA provide optimal neutralizing antibody response against B.1.351 too

Feasibility and results of an intensive cardiac rehabilitation program. Insights from the MxM (Más por Menos) randomized trial

Introduccion y objetivos: Los programas de rehabilitacion cardiaca (PRC) engloban intervenciones encaminadas a mejorar el pronostico de la enfermedad cardiovascular influyendo en la condicin fısica, mental y social de los pacientes, pero no se conoce su duracion optima. Nuestro objetivo es comparar los resultados de un PRC estandar frente a otro intensivo mas breve tras un sındrome coronario agudo, mediante el estudio Mas por Menos. Metodos: Diseño prospectivo, aleatorizado, abierto, enmascarado a los evaluadores de eventos y multicentrico (PROBE). Se aleatorizoa los pacientes al PRC estandar de 8 semanas u otro intensivo de 2 semanas con sesiones de refuerzo. Se realizo una visita final 12 meses despues, tras la finalizacion del programa. Se evaluo: adherencia a la dieta, esfera psicologica, habito tabaquico, tratamiento farmacologico, capacidad funcional, calidad de vida, parametros cardiometabolicos y antropometricos, eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad por cualquier causa durante el seguimiento. Resultados: Se analizoa 497 pacientes (media de edad, 57,8 10,0 an ̃ os; el 87,3% varones; programa intensivo, n = 262; estandar, n = 235). Las caracteristicas basales de ambos grupos eran similares. Al año, mas del 93% habıa mejorado en al menos 1 MET el resultado de la ergometría. Además, la adherencia a la dieta mediterranea y la calidad de vida mejoraron significativamente con el PRC, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos. Los eventos cardiovasculares ocurrieron de manera similar en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La PRC intensiva podrıa ser tan efectiva como la PRC estándar en lograr la adherencia a las medidas de prevencio n secundaria y ser una alternativa para algunos pacientes y centros.Introduction and objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) are a set of interventions to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular disease by influencing patients’ physical, mental, and social conditions. However, there are no studies evaluating the optimal duration of these programs. We aimed to compare the results of a standard vs a brief intensive CRP in patients after ST-segment elevation and non–ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndrome through the Ma ́s por Menos study (More Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Less Time). Methods: In this prospective, randomized, open, evaluator-blind for end-point, and multicenter trial (PROBE design), patients were randomly allocated to either standard 8-week CRP or intensive 2-week CRP with booster sessions. A final visit was performed 12 months later, after completion of the program. We assessed adherence to the Mediterranean diet, psychological status, smoking, drug therapy, functional capacity, quality of life, cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality during follow-up. Results: A total of 497 patients (mean age, 57.8 10.0 years; 87.3% men) were finally assessed (intensive: n = 262; standard: n = 235). Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. At 12 months, the results of treadmill ergometry improved by 1 MET in 93% of the patients. In addition, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of life were significantly improved by CRP, with no significant differences between the groups. The occurrence of cardiovascular events was similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions: Intensive CRP could be as effective as standard CRP in achieving adherence to recommended secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome and could be an alternative for some patients and centers

Clinical outcomes in myocardial infarction and multivessel disease after a cardiac rehabilitation programme: Partial versus complete revascularization

Background Current guideline recommendations encourage culprit vessel only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease. However, recent studies have shown a better clinical outcome in patients who receive multivessel PCI. Aim To measure and compare clinical outcomes between partial revascularization (PR) versus complete revascularization (CR) in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who underwent a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 282 patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who received PR or CR and were subsequently enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation programme between July 2006 and November 2013 at La Paz University Hospital. The incidences of cardiovascular events, new PCI, hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons and mortality were compared between the PR and CR groups. Results Overall, 143 patients received PR and 139 received CR. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, except for mean age (59.3 vs. 56.7 years; P = 0.02), diabetes mellitus prevalence (34.3% vs. 20.1%; P = 0.01) and number of arteries with stenosis (2.6 vs. 2.3; P = 0.001). During the mean follow-up of 48.0 ± 25.9 months, a cardiovascular event occurred in 23 (16.1%) PR patients and 20 (14.4%) CR patients, with no statistically significant differences in the early (hazard ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.19–1.89) or late (hazard ratio: 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.62–3.14) follow-up periods. Cox regression, adjusted for age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus and number of affected coronary vessels, showed no difference in new cardiovascular event risk. Conclusions There were no statistical differences in clinical outcomes between PR and CR among patients who received cardiac rehabilitationLuis Furuya-Kanamori is funded by an Endeavour Postgraduate Scholarship (#3781 2014), an Australian National University Higher Degree Scholarship and a Fondo para la Innovación, Ciencia y Tecnologia Scholarship (#095-FINCyTBDE-2014)