RadArnomaly: Protecting Radar Systems from Data Manipulation Attacks

Radar systems are mainly used for tracking aircraft, missiles, satellites, and watercraft. In many cases, information regarding the objects detected by the radar system is sent to, and used by, a peripheral consuming system, such as a missile system or a graphical user interface used by an operator. Those systems process the data stream and make real-time, operational decisions based on the data received. Given this, the reliability and availability of information provided by radar systems has grown in importance. Although the field of cyber security has been continuously evolving, no prior research has focused on anomaly detection in radar systems. In this paper, we present a deep learning-based method for detecting anomalies in radar system data streams. We propose a novel technique which learns the correlation between numerical features and an embedding representation of categorical features in an unsupervised manner. The proposed technique, which allows the detection of malicious manipulation of critical fields in the data stream, is complemented by a timing-interval anomaly detection mechanism proposed for the detection of message dropping attempts. Real radar system data is used to evaluate the proposed method. Our experiments demonstrate the method's high detection accuracy on a variety of data stream manipulation attacks (average detection rate of 88% with 1.59% false alarms) and message dropping attacks (average detection rate of 92% with 2.2% false alarms)

Changes in chest wall motion with removal of Nuss bar in repaired pectus excavatum - a cohort study.

BACKGROUND The effects of the Nuss procedure on chest wall motion and spirometry have previously been described; we aimed to describe the effects of removal of the Nuss bar. METHODS We studied 9 patients just prior to and 6 weeks after Nuss bar removal. Regional chest volume changes, synchrony of respiratory movement and spirometry were recorded using optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) and compared. Recordings were performed at rest and exercise during cycle ergometry. RESULTS There were small but statistically significant changes in tidal volumes of the diaphragmatic ribcage compartment during exercise (+ 48 ml, p = 0.038, Cohen's d = 0.12) and percentage contribution of the diaphragmatic ribcage to total tidal volumes at rest (+ 2.7 percentage points, p = 0.038, Cohen's d = 0.12). Synchrony of respiratory movements at rest and during exercise was unchanged following Nuss bar removal. There were no significant changes in spirometry and exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS The effects of Nuss bar removal on diaphragmatic ribcage motion are detectable but small and unlikely to be of clinical significance. No change in exercise capacity should be expected after Nuss bar removal. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02958683 , registered 5th August 2016, first patient enrolled July 2016, retrospectively registered

Socially desirable responding: Enhancement and denial in 20 countries

Abstract: This article investigated the dimensionality, measurement invariance, and cross-cultural variations of social desirability. A total of 3,471 university students from 20 countries completed an adapted version of the Marlowe–Crowne scale. A two-dimensional structure was revealed in the pooled sample, distinguishing enhancement (endorsement of positive self-description) and denial (rejection of negative self-description). The factor structure was supported in most countries; medium-sized item bias was found in two denial items. In a multilevel analysis, we found that (a) there was more cross-cultural variation in denial than enhancement; (b) females tended to score higher on enhancement whereas males tended to score higher on denial; (c) the Human Development Index, an indicator of country socioeconomic development, was the best (negative) predictor of denial; and (d) both enhancement and denial seemed to be associated with country-level values and personality pertinent to “fitting in.” We conclude that social desirability has a positive and a negative impression management dimension that are meaningfully associated with country-level characteristics, and we argue that social desirability is better interpreted as culturally regulated response amplification

Common variants in LSP1, 2q35 and 8q24 and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Genome-wide association studies of breast cancer have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with increased breast cancer risks in the general population. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the minor alleles at three of these SNPs, in FGFR2, TNRC9 and MAP3K1, also confer increased risks of breast cancer for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Three additional SNPs rs3817198 at LSP1, rs13387042 at 2q35 and rs13281615 at 8q24 have since been reported to be associated with breast cancer in the general population, and in this study we evaluated their association with breast cancer risk in 9442 BRCA1 and 5665 BRCA2 mutation carriers from 33 study centres. The minor allele of rs3817198 was associated with increased breast cancer risk only for BRCA2 mutation carriers [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25, P-trend = 2.8 x 10(-4)]. The best fit for the association of SNP rs13387042 at 2q35 with breast cancer risk was a dominant model for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (BRCA1: HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25, P = 0.0047; BRCA2: HR = 1.18 95% CI: 1.04-1.33, P = 0.0079). SNP rs13281615 at 8q24 was not associated with breast cancer for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, but the estimated association for BRCA2 mutation carriers (per-allele HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98-1.14) was consistent with odds ratio estimates derived from population-based case-control studies. The LSP1 and 2q35 SNPs appear to interact multiplicatively on breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers. There was no evidence that the associations vary by mutation type depending on whether the mutated protein is predicted to be stable or not