Papéis ocupacionais e diabetes tipo 2 / Occupational Roles and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), o tipo mais prevalente na população, pode interferir em hábitos e rotinas presentes na vida de um sujeito e consequentemente pode acarretar mudanças nos papéis ocupacionais. Avaliar e intervir nos papéis ocupacionais dos indivíduos é parte do domínio da Terapia Ocupacional. Objetivo: Analisar a produção acadêmica sobre o impacto nos papéis ocupacionais de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa da literatura, realizada na base de dados PUBMED. Foram criadas três categorias para análise: Entendendo o contexto do paciente com Diabetes Tipo 2; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 e Papéis Ocupacionais; e Rede de suporte. Resultados: Selecionaram-se nove artigos para análise e, desses, um foi relacionado ao processo terapêutico ocupacional. Os demais referiam-se ao impacto nos papéis ocupacionais de maneira indireta. Não foram encontrados estudos que utilizassem a Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais para verificar quais destes foram modificados após o diagnóstico. Discussão: Percebeu-se que o contexto do indivíduo com DM2 após o diagnóstico sofre mudanças que impactam nos hábitos e na rotina. Os papéis ocupacionais identificados foram: de maneira direta, Membro da Família e Trabalhador; e de forma indireta, Cuidador e Amigo. Considerações finais: Os papéis ocupacionais podem ser alterados em indivíduos com DM2. Nessa direção, espera-se que essa revisão motive novos estudos que façam uso da Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais junto a indivíduos com DM2, para abordar de forma direta essa temática. AbstractDiabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), the most prevalent type in the population, can interfere with habits and routines present in the life of a subject and consequently can lead to changes in the occupational roles. Assessing and intervening in the occupational roles of individuals is part of the field of Occupational Therapy. Objective: To analyze the academic production on the impact on the occupational roles of people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: This work is an integrative bibliographical review of the literature, carried out in the PUBMED database. Three categories were established for analysis: Understanding the context of the patient with Type 2 Diabetes; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Occupational Roles; and Network Support. Results: Nine articles were selected for analysis, of which one was related to the occupational therapeutic process. The others referred to the impact on occupational roles indirectly. No studies were found that used the Role Checklist to verify which roles were modified after diagnosis. Discussion: It was noticed that the context of the individual with DM2 after the diagnosis undergoes changes that impact the habits and routine. The occupational roles identified were: directly, Family Member and Worker; and indirectly, Caregiver and Friend. Conclusion: The occupational roles can be altered in individuals with DM2. In this direction, it is expected that this review will motivate new studies that make use of the Role Checklist with individuals with DM2 to approach this issue in a direct way.Keywords: Role Performance; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Role Checklist; Occupational Roles; Occupational Therapy. ResumenLa Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), el tipo más prevalente en la población, puede interferir en hábitos y rutinas presentes en la vida de un sujeto y consecuentemente puede acarrear cambios en los papeles ocupacionales. Evaluar e intervenir en los papeles ocupacionales de los individuos es parte del dominio de la Terapia Ocupacional. Objetivo: Analizar la producción académica sobre el impacto en los papeles ocupacionales de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integrativa de la literatura, realizada en la base de datos PUBMED. Se crearon tres categorías para el análisis: Entendiendo el contexto del paciente con Diabetes Tipo 2; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 y Papeles Ocupacionales; y Red de soporte. Resultados: Se seleccionaron nueve artículos para análisis y, de éstos, uno fue relacionado al proceso terapéutico ocupacional. Los demás se refirieron al impacto en los papeles ocupacionales de manera indirecta. No se encontraron estudios que utilizaran la Lista de Identificación de Papeles Ocupacionales para verificar cuáles de éstos fueron modificados después del diagnóstico. Discusión: Se percibió que el contexto del individuo con DM2 después del diagnóstico sufre cambios que impactan en los hábitos y en la rutina. Los papeles ocupacionales identificados fueron: directamente, Miembro de la Familia y Trabajador; y indirectamente, Cuidador y Amigo. Consideraciones finales: Los papeles ocupacionales pueden ser alterados en individuos con DM2. En esta dirección, se espera que esta revisión motive nuevos estudios que hagan uso de la Lista de Identificación de Papeles Ocupacionales junto a individuos con DM2, para abordar de forma directa esa temática.Palabras clave: Rendimiento de Papeles; Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2; Lista de identificación de papeles ocupacionales; Papeles ocupacionales; Terapia ocupacional.

Morphological and Postural changes in the foot during pregnancy and puerperium : a longitudinal study

The aim of this study is to observe the morphological and postural changes to the foot that take place during pregnancy and the puerperium. Method: In this descriptive, observational, longitudinal study, we analysed 23 pregnant women, with particular attention to morphological and postural aspects of the foot, at three time points during and after pregnancy: in weeks 9-13 of gestation, weeks 32-35 of gestation and weeks 4-6 after delivery. The parameters considered were changes in foot length, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Hernández Corvo Index, which were analysed using a pedigraph and taking into account the Body Mass Index (BMI). The same procedure was conducted in each review. Results: The statistical analyses obtained for each foot did not differ significantly between the three measurement times. A pronator-type footprint was most frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy; it was predominantly neutral during the postpartum period. Statistically significant differences between the measurement times were obtained in the right foot for cavus vs. neutral foot type (between the first and third trimesters and also between the first trimester and the puerperium) (in both cases, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Foot length increases in the third trimester and returns to normal in the puerperium. According to FPI findings, the third trimester of pregnancy is characterised by pronation, while the posture returns to neutrality during the postpartum period. During pregnancy, the plantar arch flattens, and this persists during the puerperium. The incidence of cavus foot increases significantly in the third trimester and in the puerperium

Epidemiological overview of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women from a state of northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women. Method: Descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study population was composed of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS residing in the state of Alagoas. Data were organized into variables and analyzed according to the measures of dispersion parameter relevant to the arithmetic mean and standard deviation (X ± S). Results: Between 2007 and 2015, 773 cases of HIV/AIDS were recorded in pregnant women in Alagoas. The studied variables identified that most of these pregnant women were young, had low levels of education and faced socioeconomic vulnerability. Conclusion: It is necessary to include actions aimed at increasing the attention paid to women, once the assurance of full care and early diagnosis of HIV are important strategies to promote adequate treatment adherence and reduce the vertical transmission

Epidemiological overview of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women from a state of northeastern Brazil

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women. Method: Descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study population was composed of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS residing in the state of Alagoas. Data were organized into variables and analyzed according to the measures of dispersion parameter relevant to the arithmetic mean and standard deviation (X ± S). Results: Between 2007 and 2015, 773 cases of HIV/AIDS were recorded in pregnant women in Alagoas. The studied variables identified that most of these pregnant women were young, had low levels of education and faced socioeconomic vulnerability. Conclusion: It is necessary to include actions aimed at increasing the attention paid to women, once the assurance of full care and early diagnosis of HIV are important strategies to promote adequate treatment adherence and reduce the vertical transmission.</p></div