The Art of Making Workplace Innovative: Conceptual Integration of Leader-Member Exchange, Workplace Innovation and Employee Creativity

An increased engagement in innovative activities has become an essential requirement for modern ventures to respond to the threats and opportunities they face. Due to increased globalisation and digitalisation, SME ventures are currently looking for ways to cultivate innovation at different levels such as individual, team and organisational levels to remain competitive. SME ventures need to focus on employee creativity in order to stimulate innovation at the individual level. Moreover, a favourable working environment is required for such cultivation. This short commentary aims to conduct an extant literature review proposing that Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) impacts employee creativity and workplace innovation mediates the relationship between them. Based on the social exchange theory, the literature on LMX, employee creativity, and workplace innovation is reviewed. This study's conceptual model opens new avenues for empirical studies and may help leaders cultivate innovation for improved organisational performance. The current study suggests that SME ventures should implement better LMX practices and better interaction with employees to cultivate ideas aimed to improve employee creativity

Exploring the Purchasing Motives of Young Pakistani Consumers for Foreign Brands

Cross-border service relationships are considerable issues in Pakistan, which tend researchers to work in this area of research. The core purpose of this study was to explore the impact of quality, satisfaction, and value on purchase intentions for foreign brands among young Pakistani customers. The data was collected from a random sample of 500 university students through questionnaire designed by the researchers. The findings suggest that providing quality and satisfaction to Pakistani ethnocentric customers does not guarantee the brand to earn loyalty in return. Foreign brands can succeed in creating brand value through creating a convinced link with some tangible benefits and by creating means of self-presentation for the customers. The student’s responses can be assumed as a limitation of this study, which can be justified by considering the fact that the study is first of its type in the Pakistani environment

Impact Of After Sale Service Characteristics on Customer Satisfaction

Researcher examines the impact of after sale service characteristics on customer satisfaction in home appliance industry of Pakistan. To what extent does characteristics like delivery time, installation of product, warranty time of product, feedback implementations and quality of service provided satisfies customers? In this globalized market, organizations try to differentiate themselves, so they tend to provide value added services to its customers; according their needs and wants. After detail and extensive review of literature researcher found that after sale service is essential in retaining and satisfying customers. Due to limited time, quantitative study is not possible. Practically our study benefitted for the manager of the organization that are mostly related to home appliances, so that they can check the customers trend towards after sale services characteristics i.e. delivery, installation, warranty, service quality and feedback

Study protocol of DIVERGE, the first genetic epidemiological study of major depressive disorder in Pakistan

INTRODUCTION: Globally, 80% of the burdenof major depressive disorder (MDD) pertains to low- and middle-income countries. Research into genetic and environmental risk factors has the potential to uncover disease mechanisms that may contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, yet has so far been largely limited to participants with European ancestry from high-income countries. The DIVERGE study was established to help overcome this gap and investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD in Pakistan. METHODS: DIVERGE aims to enrol 9000 cases and 4000 controls in hospitals across the country. Here, we provide the rationale for DIVERGE, describe the study protocol and characterise the sample using data from the first 500cases. Exploratory data analysis is performed to describe demographics, socioeconomic status, environmental risk factors, family history of mental illness and psychopathology. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Many participants had severe depression with 74% of patients who experienced multiple depressive episodes. It was a common practice to seek help for mental health struggles from faith healers and religious leaders. Socioeconomic variables reflected the local context with a large proportion of women not having access to any education and the majority of participants reporting no savings. CONCLUSION: DIVERGE is a carefully designed case-control study of MDD in Pakistan that captures diverse risk factors. As the largest genetic study in Pakistan, DIVERGE helps address the severe underrepresentation of people from South Asian countries in genetic as well as psychiatric research

Study protocol of DIVERGE, the first genetic epidemiological study of major depressive disorder in Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION: Globally, 80% of the burdenof major depressive disorder (MDD) pertains to low- and middle-income countries. Research into genetic and environmental risk factors has the potential to uncover disease mechanisms that may contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, yet has so far been largely limited to participants with European ancestry from high-income countries. The DIVERGE study was established to help overcome this gap and investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD in Pakistan. METHODS: DIVERGE aims to enrol 9000 cases and 4000 controls in hospitals across the country. Here, we provide the rationale for DIVERGE, describe the study protocol and characterise the sample using data from the first 500 cases. Exploratory data analysis is performed to describe demographics, socioeconomic status, environmental risk factors, family history of mental illness and psychopathology. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Many participants had severe depression with 74% of patients who experienced multiple depressive episodes. It was a common practice to seek help for mental health struggles from faith healers and religious leaders. Socioeconomic variables reflected the local context with a large proportion of women not having access to any education and the majority of participants reporting no savings. CONCLUSION: DIVERGE is a carefully designed case-control study of MDD in Pakistan that captures diverse risk factors. As the largest genetic study in Pakistan, DIVERGE helps address the severe underrepresentation of people from South Asian countries in genetic as well as psychiatric research

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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