Complications after splenectomy and their prophylaxis

Complications after splenectomy and their prophylaxi

Potential use of Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 for the bioconversion from palmyra sap and oil palm sap to lactic acid

Lactic acid is a product that finds several applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The main objective of this work is to evaluate potential use of the sap from palmyra ( Borassus flabellifer Linn.) and oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) as substrate for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500. The effects of acid hydrolysis, pH control and nutrient supplement of palmyra sap and oil palm sap on fermentation performance were investigated. It was found that lactic acid fermentation using palmyra sap was not significantly affected by either acid hydrolysis or pH control. The addition of MRS increased biomass and product yield. The final lactic acid concentration, dry cell weight and productivity were increased by increasing the total sugars of palmyra sap concentrations up to 134.0 g L-1. The kinetic parameters for the palmyra sap at 134.0 g L-1 total sugars were calculated to be of: specific growth rate (\ub5) 0.05 h-1, the maximum productivity (RM) 2.02 g lactic acid L-1 h-1, cellular yield coefficient (YX/S) 0.20 g cell g-1 sugar, and lactic acid yield (YP/S) 0.78 g g-1. When oil palm sap was used as carbon source for L. casei TISTR 1500, pH control did not significantly affect lactic acid production. The addition of MRS medium into oil palm sap improved the biomass and the product yield for which the lactic acid production in static flask at 37\ub0C and pH 5.5 using 20 g L-1 of total sugars was improved to be of 0.55 g L-1 h-1. Oil palm sap could be served as a good potential source of raw materials for efficient production of lactic acid by L. casei TISTR 1500

Особливості харчової підтримки у хворих на гострий панкреатит (огляд літератури)

Nutrition is an essential part of the treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis. Obviously, in mild and moderately cases, there is no need to use artificial nutrition methods, on the contrary it is recommended to start oral intake of food. However, what food and the timing of its start are still being discussed. However, if the patient's condition is severe to begin enteral nutrition is recommended, which reduces the risk of infection, the length of stay in the hospital, mortality. Parenteral nutrition is prescribed when the enteral is not possible. However, it remains debatable what kind of nutrition to use better, more effective way of use, and also the correct algorithm of actions at the same time. A review of the literature is devoted to all these issues. Summarizing, it can be argued about the need for more studies on nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis.Питание является существенной частью лечения больных острым панкреатитом. Очевидно, в легких и средней тяжести случаях отпадает необходимость применять искусственные методы питания, наоборот рекомендуется начать пероральный прием пищи. Однако, какое питание и сроки его начала еще обсуждаются. Если же состояние пациента тяжелое, целесообразно начать энтеральное питание, которое уменьшает риск присоединения инфекции, продолжительность пребывания в стационаре, смертность. Парентеральное питание назначается, когда энтеральное невозможно. Однако остаются дискуссионными, какой вид питания применять лучше, более эффективный путь введения, а также правильный алгоритм действий при этом. Рассмотрению всех этих вопросов посвящен данный обзор литературы. Подытоживая, можно утверждать о необходимости проведения большего количества исследований по питанию у больных острым панкреатитом.Харчування є істотною частиною у лікування хворих на гострий панкреатит. Очевидно, у легких та середньої тяжкості випадках нема необхідності застосовувати штучні методи харчування, навпаки, рекомендовано розпочати пероральне приймання їжі. Проте вид харчування і терміни його початку ще обговорюються. Якщо ж стан пацієнта тяжкий, доцільно розпочати ентеральне харчування, яке зменшує ризик приєднання інфекції, тривалість перебування в стаціонарі, смертність. Парентеральне харчування призначають лише, якщо ентеральне неможливе. Однак залишаються дискусійними, який вид харчування застосовувати краще, ефективніший шлях, а також правильний алгоритм дій при цьому. Огляд літератури присвячений розгляду усіх цих питань. Підсумовуючи, можна стверджувати про необхідність проведення більшої кількості досліджень із питання харчування у пацієнтів із гострим панкреатитом

Cost effective technologies and renewable substrates for biosurfactants’ production

Diverse types of microbial surface-active amphiphilic molecules are produced by a range of microbial communities. The extraordinary properties of biosurfactant / bioemulsifier (BS/BE) as surface active products allows them to have key roles in various field of applications such as bioremediation, biodegradation, enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceutics, food processing among many others. This leads to a vast number of potential applications of these BS/BE in different industrial sectors. Despite the huge number of reports and patents describing BS and BE applications and advantages, commercialization of these compounds remain difficult, costly and to a large extent irregular. This is mainly due to the usage of chemically synthesized media for growing producing microorganism and in turn the production of preferred quality products. It is important to note that although a number of developments have taken place in the field of biosurfactant industries, large scale production remains economically challenging for many types of these products. This is mainly due to the huge monetary difference between the investment and achievable productivity from the commercial point of view. This review discusses low cost, renewable raw substrates and fermentation technology in BS/BE production processes and their role in reducing the production cost

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

ศักยภาพการใช้ของน้ำตาลโตนดและน้ำบีบแกนในลำต้นปาล์มน้ำมันสำหรับผลิตกรดแลคติกโดย Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500

Thesis (Ph.D., Chemical Engineering)--Prince of Songkla University, 201

Extraction of brown rice extract and application in refined palm olein during accelerated storage

Abstract This research aimed to determine optimum condition of the phenolic compounds from brown rice extract from Sung Yod Phatthalung and to determine their applications as an antioxidant in refined palm olein. Brown rice was extracted with solvent concentration (40 -80% ethanol, vv -1 ), pH (2 -8) and extraction time (5 -60 min). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of brown rice extract were measured. The optimum conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 60% (vv -1 ); pH 6 and extraction time, 25 min. Under the above-mentioned conditions, the experimental total phenolic content and DPPH of brown rice was 1.30 mg ferulic acid equivalents/g of dry sample and 86.55%, respectively. The oxidation properties (peroxide value, PV and thiobarbutitutic acid reactive substance, TBARS) of antioxidant in refined palm oil were compared with other synthetic antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA and butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) at different concentration. It has been observed that the highest efficiency of BHT, followed by brown rice extract, BHA and control. The results revealed that the brown rice extract to be a potential antioxidant for stabilization of refined palm olein