Byzantijnse boekepigrammen / metrische parateksten: terminologie en classificatie

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Biodiversity of the Saba Bank supports status of Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA)

This report contains a study regarding the biodiversity of the Saba Bank, one of the three largest atolls in the world. All scientific and anecdotic evidence suggests that the area is a hot spot of biodiversity and one of the few areas in the Caribbean that is still in a relatively pristine condition. The atoll is likely also important as a source of larvae for other areas in the region because of its enormous dimensions and diverse habitats. Major damage however may already be inflicted by the anchoring of large oil tankers. More scientific research is necessary with regards to the damage inflicted by anchoring and to the sustainability of current fishing practices, but to date there is already sufficient data to call for strong protection of the Saba Bank as soon as possible. Therefore, an application to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to designate the Saba Bank as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) in order to prevent possibly irreversible damage to the ecosystem and to enable sustainable protection of it’s vulnerable resources seems crucial and urgent

Sustainability evaluation of high value-added products

In this report the authors present a brief overview of the methods that are presently in use for evaluating sustainability. They discuss more deeply the pros and cons of the various methods, with a strong focus on the LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) method. Given is an overview of the available literature on sustainability of high added-value products and present the main conclusions from this literature

Co-designing for Community Resilience Beyond the Local

In this position paper we highlight our strategy for co-creating a platform to support community resilience that goes beyond a situated research. We first engage with a diverse set of stakeholders to conceive the design problem, and then we address the implementation aspects with local communities. We briefly illustrate a number of methods and strategies used to identify and extract the general socio-technical requirements from communities in different contexts

Are white-beaked dolphins Lagenorhynchus albirostris food specialst? Their diet in the southern North Sea

The white-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris is the most numerous cetacean after the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in the North Sea, including Dutch coastal waters. In this study, the diet of 45 white-beaked dolphins stranded on the Dutch coast between 1968 and 2005 was determined by analysis of stomach contents. Although 25 fish species were identified, the diet was dominated by Gadidae (98.0% by weight, 40.0% in numbers), found in all stomachs. All other prey species combined contributed little to the diet by weight (2.0%W). The two most important prey species were whiting Merlangius merlangus (91.1% frequency of occurrence (FO), 30.5%N, 37.6%W) and cod Gadus morhua (73.3%FO, 7.4%N, 55.9%W). In numbers, gobies were most common (54.6%N), but contributed little to the diet by weight (0.6%W). Three stomachs contained different prey compared to the others: one animal had taken 2250 gobies, accounting for 96.4% of all gobies found; one animal had fed on 29 small sepiolids; and one animal had solely taken haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Squid and haddock were not found in any other stomach. The overall diet showed a lasting predominance of whiting and cod, without clear changes over time (35 years) or differences between sexes or size-classes of dolphins. This study adds to earlier published and unpublished data for Dutch coastal waters and agrees well with studies of white-beaked dolphins from other parts of the species’ range, in the North Sea and in Canadian waters, with Gadidae dominating the diet on both sides of the Atlantic

Outreach and Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions

This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to examine whether there is a trade-off between outreach to the poor and efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Using a sample of more than 1,300 observations, our study suggests that outreach and efficiency of MFIs are indeed negatively correlated.

Sustainability aspects of biobased applications : comparison of different crops and products from the sugar platform BO-12.05-002-008

In this study different uses of biomass are compared. In order to allow for a systematic comparison the study focuses on three different chemicals that can be produced from sugar. In this way it is also, in principle, possible to compare different crops for the production of the same product. The study focuses on the production of PLA (polylactic acid, a bioplastic), ethanol, and biopolyethylene (bio-PE, which is produced via ethanol). These three products can presently be produced from biomass and therefore form realistic cases. All three products are produced from sugars, and thus the systems can be decoupled at the sugar step. The sugar can be produced from different crops. In this study five different crops are compared: wheat, maize, sugar beet, sugar cane and Miscanthus. The sustainability aspects that we studied are non-renewable energy use (NREU), greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the crop-product chain and direct land use for producing the bio-materials

Ascending the ladder : editio princeps of Four Poems on the Ladder of John Klimax: Bodleian Baroccianus 141

Four unedited paratexts on John Klimakos in dodecasyllables are preserved anonymously in Bodleian Baroccianus 141. I provide here a short introduction to Klimakos and the Ladder, a description of the manuscript and of the poems, the editio princeps, a translation, and a brief commentary

Verlagen van NL fosfaatoverschot door bioraffinage

In de Nederlandse landbouw is sprake van een fosfaatoverschot. Dit overschot ontstaat doordat fosfaatbevattende veevoeders worden geïmporteerd, terwijl de resulterende mest in Nederland achterblijft. Door het verlagen van de hoeveelheid fosfaat in veevoeders kan de import van fosfaat en daarmee het overschot op Nederlandse bodem worden gereduceerd. Bij bioraffinage wordt een complexe grondstof door een serie van bewerkingsstappen gefractioneerd tot min of meer zuivere producten