Uncertainty Quantification of Future Design Rainfall Depths in Korea

One of the most common ways to investigate changes in future rainfall extremes is to use future rainfall data simulated by climate models with climate change scenarios. However, the projected future design rainfall intensity varies greatly depending on which climate model is applied. In this study, future rainfall Intensity???Duration???Frequency (IDF) curves are projected using various combinations of climate models. Future Ensemble Average (FEA) is calculated using a total of 16 design rainfall intensity ensembles, and uncertainty of FEA is quantified using the coefficient of variation of ensembles. The FEA and its uncertainty vary widely depending on how the climate model combination is constructed, and the uncertainty of the FEA depends heavily on the inclusion of specific climate model combinations at each site. In other words, we found that unconditionally using many ensemble members did not help to reduce the uncertainty of future IDF curves. Finally, a method for constructing ensemble members that reduces the uncertainty of future IDF curves is proposed, which will contribute to minimizing confusion among policy makers in developing climate change adaptation policies

The Role of the RNA-binding Protein ZFP36L1 in Suppression of Replication Stress-induced Genomic Instability

Replication stress, a hallmark of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions, is characterised by the slowing or stalling in replication fork progression and the consequent failure to preserve genomic stability. ZFP36L1, a member of the ZFP36 family of CCCH tandem zinc finger (ZF) proteins, is an RNA-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression underlying physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent evidence has revealed that ZFP36L1, is significantly mutated or downregulated in certain human cancers, and exhibits tumour-suppressive properties across various cancer cell types. However, the precise molecular link between ZFP36L1 and cancer, particularly from the angle of genomic stability, remains poorly elucidated. Here, we report a novel role for ZFP36L1, characterised in human U2OS and U2OS H2B-GFP osteosarcoma cells, in suppressing replication stress-induced genomic instability. We found that, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ZFP36L1 resulted in increased chromosome segregation defects including anaphase bridges, chromosome laggards and micronuclei formation, even in the absence of exogenous replication stress. Moreover, ZFP36L1-deficient cells exhibited an elevated accumulation of γH2AX, 53BP1 nuclear bodies (NBs) and RPA, which indicated an active role for ZFP36L1 in limiting replication stress-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, we demonstrated an unanticipated function for ZFP36L1 in potentially suppressing the expression of common fragile sites (CFSs) in response to replication stress, reflected by the increased mitotic CFS-characteristic chromosomal aberrations and MiDAS events at CFS loci observed in cells deficient in ZFP36L1. Finally, we also showed that a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated truncation in ZFP36L1, carrying a compromised lead-in sequence to its first ZF-domain, resulted in increased replication stress-associated phenotypes, similar to that of a ZFP36L1-knockout. Taken together, our data reveal, for the first time, a role for ZFP36L1 in contributing to the protection of genomic integrity against replication stress

The Enron Collapse and Criminal Liabilities of Auditors and Lawyers for Defective Prospectuses in the United States, Australia and Canada: a Review

A lack of uniformity in laws regulating professionals such as auditors and lawyers in relation to defective prospectuses exists across nations around the world. Securities legislation of some jurisdictions clearly imposes criminal liabilities for defective prospectuses on professionals along with directors and promoters of the issuer of securities. But the laws of some other countries are ambiguous in this regard. Such an ambiguity is present in the securities legislation of the United States, Australia and Canada. Their legislation does not categorically name the persons who should be criminally liable for a defective prospectus; nonetheless auditors and lawyers are sometimes caught by virtue of judicial interpretations of those vague legal provisions. Even though they could be on the hook under such interpretations, legislation provides a wide range of defences that facilitate escaping liabilities by offenders at the expense of the integrity of the market. Regarding sanctions, although the term of imprisonment is identical in all these three jurisdictions, pecuniary penalties significantly vary after the recent reforms triggered by some spectacular corporate bankruptcy taking place especially in the U.S. and Australia. Most importantly, the post-Enron reforms explicitly amend the laws governing secondary securities markets, and therefore their application to defective prospectuses is questionable except for the Canadian reforms. If the post-Enron reforms do not really touch the prospectus liability regimes in the U.S. and Australia, it can be said that the lawmakers have ignored their primary securities markets. If this is so, it would be an unwise policy to wait for an Enron-type disaster to occur in the IPO market for stimulus to initiate reforms addressing professional malpractices in the preparation of prospectuses. If not, the law should make it clear before it is too late

Corporate Manslaughter by Industrial Robots at Work: Who Should Go on Trial under the Principles of Common Law Australia?

Industrial robots have been increasingly used for decades and the International Federation of Robotics predicts that 1.3 million more of such humanoids will be installed in factories across the globe between 2015 and 2018. While robots are deemed beneficial for industrial production, they pose a serious threat to our health and safety. Meanwhile, robots have killed many people and gravely injured numerous others in different countries. Policymakers around the world remain largely unmoved about resolving the uncertainty over the specificity of which persons should go on trial for such killings. This article examines the principles of common law governing manslaughter by criminal negligence with particular reference to Australia; however, it will generally apply to other common law countries as well. It finds that while it would be theoretically possible to identify the potential accused of workplace deaths caused by robots, we consider that the common law identification doctrine in practice will be a bar to successful prosecutions against corporate employers given the specific complexities associated with the usage of industrial robots. This article therefore submits a recommendation with justifications for dealing with this serious offence by enacting appropriate manslaughter law for the effective regulation of robots provoked fatalities.

Contract representation for validation and run time monitoring

PhD ThesisOrganisations are increasingly using the Internet to offer their own services and to utilise the services of others. This naturally leads to resource sharing across organisational boundaries. Nevertheless, organisations will require their interactions with other organisations to be strictly controlled. In the paper-based world, business interactions, information exchange and sharing have been conducted under the control of contracts that the organisations sign. The world of electronic business needs to emulate electronic equivalents of the contract based business management practices. This thesis examines how a 'conventional' contract can be converted into its electronic equivalent and how it can be used for controlling business interactions taking place through computer messages. To implement a contract electronically, a conventional text contract needs to be described in a mathematically precise notation so that the description can be subjected to rigorous analysis and freed from the ambiguities that the original humanoriented text is likely to contain. Furthermore, a suitable run time infrastructure is required for monitoring the executable version of the contract. To address these issues, this thesis describes how standard conventional contracts can be converted into Finite State Machines (FSMs). It is illustrated how to map the rights and obligations extracted from the clauses of the contract into the states, transition and output functions, and input and output symbols of a FSM. The thesis then goes on to develop a list of correctness properties that a typical executable business contract should satisfy. A contract model should be validated against safety properties, which specify situations that the contract must not get into (such as deadlocks, unreachable states .... etc), and liveness properties, which detail qualities that would be desirable for the contract to contain (responsiveness, accessibility .... etc). The FSM description can then be subjected to model checking. This is demonstrated with the aid of examples using the Promela language and the Spin validator. Subsequently, the FSM representation can be used to ensure that the clauses stipulated in the contract are observed when the contract is executed. The requirements of a suitable run time infrastructure for monitoring contract compliance are discussed and a prototype middleware implementation is presented.UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

An integrated cost model with possible reduction of rework/scrap costs

This research addresses the problem of reworking of defective items and develops an integrated cost model so as to minimize the extra costs of reworking/scraping of work-pieces. Items to be reworked are the results of quality problem. To improve a product\u27s quality, the selection of process target is extremely important since it directly affects the process defective rate, part cost, rework/scrap cost, and loss to customer due to deviation of product from desired specification. The amount of investment necessary to economically correct a defective process is still an issue of research. This research is a contribution of this type of problem. Specifically, we investigate the possible economic investment in a process to reduce its variance and taking the process mean close to target, which is ultimately the reduction of waste like rework/scrap. Based on this model, management can evaluate the quality investment in order to get a significant financial return

Pengaruh Kompetensi, Empati, Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Studi pada CV. Karya Alam Abadi (KAA) Sampang Cilacap Jawa Tengah

In general, the HR function is to manage, manage as maximally and effectively as possible the Company, in order to obtain maximum performance results. Human resources are the key to running or not a company. In addition, the Company one with another company has its own standards in assessing a job from employees. General assessment benchmarks are employee discipline, abilities, skills, family background, work experience, social and demographic levels. Thus, an employee in a company must have the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, or personal characteristics that enable workers to achieve success in completing their work through achieving results or success in completing their tasks so that goals within the company can be achieved and provide satisfaction for consumers. In addition, employees at CV. Cilacap\u27s Eternal Nature Work also needs to have a spirit of patriotism in the community such as helping others who need help. If the above discusses the need for adjustments to the employee\u27s environment, also employees must have a commitment to their company, such as employees performing tasks assigned in accordance with the boundaries of the assignments given, as well as resolving company goals with employees. so that the relationship between the employee and his boss can be harmoniously established