15 research outputs found
Enseignement moral et enseignement de lâĂ©thique dans les programmes dâĂ©tude quĂ©bĂ©cois du primaire et du secondaire : rupture ou continuitĂ©?
Au QuĂ©bec en 2008, un programme unique dâĂ©thique et culture religieuse a remplacĂ© les programmes dâenseignement moral non confessionnel et ceux dâenseignement moral et religieux catholique et protestant, au primaire et au secondaire. Lâanalyse du contenu de ces programmes de 1977 Ă nos jours a dĂ©gagĂ© des Ă©lĂ©ments de rupture et de continuitĂ©.La rupture fondamentale concerne le remplacement de la religion par la culture religieuse, mais huit Ă©lĂ©ments de continuitĂ© entre lâenseignement moral et Ă©thique sont relevĂ©s : dĂ©veloppement de lâindividu, relations interpersonnelles, aptitudes et habiletĂ©s, importance de lâĂ©valuation formative, valeurs et normes, dĂ©veloppement du jugement, activitĂ© de lâĂ©lĂšve et certains rĂŽles des enseignants
TREM-2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a phagocytic receptor for bacteria
Phagocytosis, which is essential for the immune response to pathogens, is initiated by specific interactions between pathogens and cell surface receptors expressed by phagocytes. This study identifies triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) and its signaling counterpart DAP12 as a molecular complex that promotes phagocytosis of bacteria. Expression of TREM-2âDAP12 enables nonphagocytic Chinese hamster ovary cells to internalize bacteria. This function depends on actin cytoskeleton dynamics and the activity of the small guanosine triphosphatases Rac and Cdc42. Internalization also requires src kinase activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. In bone marrowâderived macrophages, phagocytosis is decreased in the absence of DAP12 and can be restored by expression of TREM-2âDAP12. Depletion of TREM-2 inhibits both binding and uptake of bacteria. Finally, TREM-2âdependent phagocytosis is impaired in Syk-deficient macrophages. This study highlights a novel role for TREM-2âDAP12 in the immune response to bacterial pathogens
Cross-cutting principles for planetary health education
Since the 2015 launch of the Rockefeller Foundation Lancet Commission on planetary health,1 an enormous groundswell of interest in planetary health education has emerged across many disciplines, institutions, and geographical regions. Advancing these global efforts in planetary health education will equip the next generation of scholars to address crucial questions in this emerging field and support the development of a community of practice. To provide a foundation for the growing interest and efforts in this field, the Planetary Health Alliance has facilitated the first attempt to create a set of principles for planetary health education that intersect education at all levels, across all scales, and in all regions of the worldâie, a set of cross-cutting principles
Surgical Choice for Different Types of Gallbladder Adenomyomatosis: An Initial Experience of 20 Years Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Re-assessing abundance of Southern Hudson Bay polar bears by aerial survey: effects of climate change at the southern edge of the range
The Southern Hudson Bay polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) subpopulation is considered stable but conflicting evidence lends uncertainty to that designation. Capture-recapture studies conducted 1984-86 and 2003-05 and an aerial survey conducted 2011/12 suggested abundance was likely unchanged since the mid-1980s. However, body condition and body size declined since then, and duration of sea ice decreased by about 30 days. Due to conflicting information on subpopulation status and ongoing changes in sea ice, we conducted another aerial survey in 2016 to determine whether abundance had changed. We collected data via mark-recapture distance sampling and double-observer protocols. Results suggest abundance declined 17% from 943 bears (95% CI 658-1350) in 2011/12 to 780 (95% CI 590Ăą 1029) in 2016. The proportion of yearlings declined from 12% of the population in 2011 to 5% in 2016, whereas the proportion of cubs remained similar (16% in 2011 vs. 19% in 2016) suggesting low survival of the 2015 cohort. In a warming Arctic, duration of sea ice is predicted to continue to decline in Hudson Bay affecting all ice-dependent wildlife; therefore, further monitoring of this subpopulation is warranted. We recommend a conservative approach to harvest management and repeating the aerial survey in 2021.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Besnoitia tarandi in Canadian woodland caribou â Isolation, characterization and suitability for serological tests
In the present study, we report the first in vitro isolation of Besnoitia tarandi from North America and the second of B. tarandi at all. The parasite was isolated directly from the skin of a Canadian woodland caribou from the migratory ecotype. The animal belonged to the Leaf River Herd, in Northern Quebec, Canada. The isolate was designated Bt-CA-Quebec1.Sequencing of the 3â-end of the 18S rRNA gene, the complete sequence of the ITS1 and the 5â-end of the 5.8S rRNA gene of Bt-CA-Quebec1 revealed only minor differences to rDNA gene fragments of B. besnoiti. In contrast, the patterns for the microsatellite loci Bt-20 and Bt-21 varied substantially from those reported for B. besnoiti and B. bennetti. Surprisingly, the typing results in the loci Bt-6 and Bt-7 differed between Bt-CA-Quebec1 and results obtained for skin samples from caribou of the Canadian regions of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories reported by other investigators. This indicates that differences might exist among B. tarandi in caribou from different regions in Canada.Mice (Îł-interferon knockout) intraperitoneally inoculated with 1.2 Ă 106 or 1.5 à 106 bradyzoites mechanically released from skin tissue cysts fell ill 8, 9 or 18 days post inoculation. GKO mice inoculated with 3.0 à 104 tachyzoites isolated from the peritoneal cavity of a bradyzoites-inoculated mouse became ill earlier, i.e. 5 days post inoculation. Lung was the predilection site in all mice.Bt-CA-Quebec1 tachyzoites rapidly grew in MARC-145âŻcells and were used for antigen production. Comparative Western blot analyses revealed only a few differences between B. tarandi Bt-CA-Quebec1 and B. besnoiti Evora antigen when probed with sera collected from chronically infected caribou.Due to its fast growth in vitro, the Bt-CA-Quebec1 isolate may represent an interesting antigen source to establish B. tarandi-specific serological tools and to study the biology of this parasite species further. Keywords: Besnoitia tarandi, In vitro isolation, Multilocus microsatellite typing, Serological assa
Measuring substance-related disorders using Canadian administrative health databanks : interprovincial comparisons of recorded diagnostic rates, incidence proportions and mortality rate ratios
Context
Assessing temporal changes in the recorded diagnostic rates, incidence proportions, and health outcomes of substance-related disorders (SRD) can inform public health policymakers in reducing harms associated with alcohol and other drugs.
Objective
To report the annual and cumulative recorded diagnostic rates and incidence proportions of SRD, as well as mortality rate ratios (MRRs) by cause of death among this group in Canada, according to their province of residence.
Methods
Analyses were performed on linked administrative health databases (AHD; physician claims, hospitalizations, and vital statistics) in five Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and Nova Scotia). Canadians 12 years and older and registered for their provincial healthcare coverage were included. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) was used for case identification of SRD from April 2001 to March 2018.
Results
During the study period, the annual recorded SRD diagnostic rates increased in Alberta (2001â2002: 8.0â°; 2017â2018: 12.8â°), Ontario (2001â2002: 11.5â°; 2017â2018: 14.4â°), and Nova Scotia (2001â2002: 6.4â°; 2017â2018: 12.7â°), but remained stable in Manitoba (2001â2002: 5.5â°; 2017â2018: 5.4â°) and QuĂ©bec (2001â2002 and 2017â2018: 7.5â°). Cumulative recorded SRD diagnostic rates increased steadily for all provinces. Recorded incidence proportions increased significantly in Alberta (2001â2002: 4.5â°; 2017â2018: 5.0â°) and Nova Scotia (2001â2002: 3.3â°; 2017â2018: 3.8â°), but significantly decreased in Ontario (2001â2002: 6.2â°; 2017â2018: 4.7â°), QuĂ©bec (2001â2002: 4.1â°; 2017â2018: 3.2â°) and Manitoba (2001â2002: 2.7â°; 2017â2018: 2.0â°). For almost all causes of death, a higher MRR was found among individuals with recorded SRD than in the general population. The causes of death in 2015â2016 with the highest MRR for SRD individuals were SRD, suicide, and non-suicide trauma in Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba, and QuĂ©bec.
Discussion
Linked AHD covering almost the entire population can be useful to monitor the medical service trends of SRD and, therefore, guide health services planning in Canadian provinces.Contexte
Ăvaluer les changements temporels des taux diagnostiques enregistrĂ©s, les proportions de lâincidence et les rĂ©sultats de santĂ© des troubles liĂ©s aux substances (TLS) peut informer les dĂ©cideurs de la santĂ© publique dans la rĂ©duction des mĂ©faits associĂ©s Ă lâalcool et autres drogues.
Objectif
Faire rapport sur les taux diagnostiques enregistrĂ©s annuels et cumulatifs et les proportions de lâincidence des TLS, ainsi que les rapports des taux de mortalitĂ© (RTM) par cause de dĂ©cĂšs au sein de ce groupe au Canada, selon leur province de rĂ©sidence.
MĂ©thodes
Des analyses ont Ă©tĂ© exĂ©cutĂ©es sur des bases de donnĂ©es de santĂ© administratives couplĂ©es (rĂ©clamations de mĂ©decins, hospitalisations, statistiques vitales) dans cinq provinces canadiennes (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, QuĂ©bec, et Nouvelle-Ăcosse). Des Canadiens de 12 ans et plus inscrits Ă leur assurance-santĂ© provinciale Ă©taient inclus. La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM-9 ou â10 codes) a servi Ă lâidentification de cas de TLS dâavril 2001 Ă mars 2018.
RĂ©sultats
Durant la pĂ©riode de lâĂ©tude, les taux diagnostiques de TLS enregistrĂ©s annuellement ont augmentĂ© en Alberta (2001â2002 : 8,0 â°; 2017â2018 : 12,8 â°), en Ontario (2001â2002 : 11,5 â°; 2017â2018 : 14,4 â°), et en Nouvelle-Ăcosse (2001â2002 : 6,4 â°; 2017â2018: 12,7 â°), mais sont demeurĂ©s stables au Manitoba (2001â2002 : 5,5 â°; 2017â2018 : 5,4 â°) et au QuĂ©bec (2001â2002 et 2017â2018 : 7,5 â°). Les taux diagnostiques de TLS cumulatifs enregistrĂ©s ont augmentĂ© rĂ©guliĂšrement pour toutes les provinces. Les proportions de lâincidence enregistrĂ©es se sont accrues significativement en Alberta (2001â2002 : 4,5 â°; 2017â2018 : 5,0 â°) et en Nouvelle-Ăcosse (2001â2002 : 3,3 â°; 2017â2018 : 3,8 â°), mais ont significativement diminuĂ© en Ontario (2001â2002 : 6,2 â°; 2017â2018 : 4,7 â°), au QuĂ©bec (2001â2002 : 4,1 â°; 2017â2018 : 3,2 â°) et au Manitoba (2001â2002 : 2,7 â°; 2017â2018 : 2,0 â°). Pour presque toutes les causes de dĂ©cĂšs, des RTM plus Ă©levĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©s chez les personnes ayant des TLS enregistrĂ©s que dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Les causes de dĂ©cĂšs en 2015â2016 avec les RTM les plus Ă©levĂ©s pour les personnes prĂ©sentant de TLS Ă©taient les TLS, le suicide, et les traumatismes de non-suicide en Alerta, en Ontario, au Manitoba, et au QuĂ©bec.
Discussion
Les bases de donnĂ©es de santĂ© administratives jumelĂ©es qui couvrent presque la population en entier peuvent ĂȘtre utiles pour surveiller les tendances des services mĂ©dicaux de TLS et par consĂ©quent, guider la planification des services de santĂ© dans les provinces canadiennes