Delay Mitigation in the Malaysian Housing Industry: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

The housing industry is one of the major contributors to the economy in Malaysia due to the constantly high housing demand. The housing demand has increased due to the rapid growth in population and urbanisation in the country. One of the major challenges in the housing industry is the late delivery of housing supply, which in some instances leads to sick and abandoned housing projects. Despite being extensively investigated, this delay is still a common phenomenon of the housing industry in Malaysia. As delay in delivery could result in a negative impact, there is a strong need to review the housing delay mitigation measures practised in Malaysia. This paper aims to evaluate the current delay mitigation measures and its main objective is to explore the relationship between the mitigation measures and delay in housing via a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach. A questionnaire survey through an online survey tool was conducted across 13 states and three Federal Territories in Malaysia. The target respondents are the local authorities, developers, consultants (principal submitting persons) and contractors. The findings show that 17 mitigation criteria can be extracted using principal component analysis. These measures were categorised as predictive, preventive, organisational or corrective. This paper demonstrates that preventive measures are the most influential mitigation measures for housing delivery dela

Augmented reality for nDimensional building information modelling contextualization, customization and curation

This paper presents an experimental method and apparatus of augmented reality (AR) for nDimensional (nD) building information modeling (BIM). BIM allows nD information to be visualized simultaneously by architects, engineers and constructors to gain a synchronized understanding viewing from different perspectives. However, BIM is conventionally being operated on a desktop-based computer which makes collaboration less flexible, and it also creates an isolation gap between the model and reality. This isolation gap does not severely affect experienced and skilled professionals, as they can bridge the isolation gap with their intuition developed over the years. Nevertheless, users who are lack of such experience will feel the isolation gap between the digital realm and practicable reality, which could be the hurdle in project participation and decision making. AR allows virtual content to be mixed with real environment for user experience. In the context of our study, AR is functional to present the nD information of BIM, at the same time retaining users’ connection with the reality. It is not just being utilized solely for presentation, but also to maximize the potential for communication, interaction and experience. This pilot study investigates effective technological approach of using AR as an effective collaboration technology combining with BIM through proposed key aspects of contextualization, customization and curation. Contextualization is significant to enable users to understand the AR content by making the presented information meaningful to the target audience, implemented thru the means of 2D annotations, animations and options comparison. This study compares both AR BIM with and without contextualization. Customization can generate unique virtual environment and content for different level of users tailored to their needs and preference to create intuitive interaction with AR BIM. Curation is crucial to provide users with a reliable experience, and to formulate a continually improving AR BIM thru log data and users’ feedback. All in all, this paper explores the major aspects of contextualization, customization and curation, to distinguish effective approach in the currently “free for all” AR BIM development. Finally, an implication is provided for future study in terms of balance in information sufficiency and complexity for AR BIM

A Review of application building information modeling (BIM) during pre-construction stage: retrospective and future directions

Pre-construction is one of the biggest areas of risk and uncertainty in construction project as it deals with subsurface ground conditions information. The amount of detail data needed in pre-construction especially for existing data modelling and site analysis should be sufficient enough to ensure that significant risks could not reasonably be anticipated. Current practicing method in interpreting data during this stage tasks reveal limitation. Construction industry faced many obstacles due to the depends on the traditional practice; paper-based document which missing and redundant data always happened. In recent years, there has been a shift in construction where people move to BIM application because of its potential to reduce the problem faced by infrastructure world. BIM has become a successful technology and widely popular in the construction world especially in developed countries because of its potential. Nowadays, people are moving one step ahead in BIM which is adoption of BIM during pre-construction stage. Thus, this paper review studies centered on BIM-integrated modelling during preconstruction stage. But there is lack of practical researches have been made during this stage. Although a large number of studies on BIM have been conducted in the past decade, a lack of consensus remains among researchers and practitioners regarding the applications of BIM during pre-construction stage, the availability of subsequent data integration tool for geotechnical activity. A comprehensive literature review was conducted for data collection and analysis. After in-depth review of journal articles widely cover the application of BIM, this study summarizes an overview and critical reflection of geotechnical data integration using BIM during pre-construction stage. The results are useful for the identification of research clusters and topics in the BIM community

Revolutionizing the Future of the Construction Industry: Strategizing and Redefining Challenges

The construction industry is ripe for disruption. With the vast pace of new technologies innovating the whole life cycle of construction, the revolution seems vital. The ideas of digitization and digitalization in Industrial Revolution 4.0 are currently entering the market in most industries including the construction industry. While most other industries have undergone tremendous changes recently, the construction industry has been reluctant about plenarily embracing the newly emerging technological adoption. Varying sophistication of construction, this paper was empirically evaluating large construction firms’ point of view on challenges of the construction industry in the era of Revolution 4.0 using survey data form. The findings reveal that construction companies need to deal with the manifold PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal) challenges. By adopting the Revolution 4.0 hindered by lack of policies, financial problem, limited demand for innovation among large economic players, lack of trust towards foreign partners, and limited adaptability of foreign software. Clearly, this paper helps scholars and industry players to redefine the development of the construction industry into detailed strategic plans or policies in the future. In a nutshell, transforming the construction industry into digitization and digitalization might confront few challenges but the longterm benefits obtained throughout application should not be forgotten

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Relative poor and accessibility to home ownership in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

This paper examines the accessibility of relative poor to home ownership in the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It presents a preliminary analysis on research on urban poor and its relation to home ownership in Malaysia. The paper shows that most of the respondents are within the poor category who earns less than !M"### per month. This group is not $ualify for low cost housing but couldn%t afford houses which escalated in price. &ome low'medium cost houses are no longer been built as it is uneconomic. The group of less than () years of age, earning less than !M()## is seen to be the most affected by inaccessibility to home ownership in the study. *o right house, inability to repay loan and limited access to finance will continuously pushed the group into disadvantaged position in relation to home ownership

SEM approach: Reclassifying housing delay in Malaysian housing industry

This paper sets out to study, define and reclassify delay in housing delivery system in Malaysia. In the recent years, the issues of delay related to housing and its development are gradually increasing in particular the housing project in Malaysia although the traditional delay factors have been applied to tackle this problem. Therefore, there is a strong need to reorganized and reclassified the delay factors in order to find an effective resolution and way out to solve the problems. This research was carried out through both primary and secondary sources. Triangulation approach has been utilized, in which quantitative method is used to collect data whereas qualitative method is essential to be used for data validation. Based on the data collected, a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model has been form, showing the relationship of structural delay, institutional delay and cultural delay in relation to housing delivery. From the study conducted, it is found that institutional delay is the major contributor to housing delay in Malaysia. Through the data validation of housing delay index, the study concluded that the Malaysian housing industry is currently experiencing moderate delay. The results from this study would help construction practitioners, developer, consultants, contractors, policy makers, and researchers to have a deep understanding on the delays factors caused in construction process so that proper mitigation measures could be taken place

Reclassifying housing delivery delay classification

This paper intends to analyze, define and reclassify delay in housing delivery system in Malaysia. The late delivery in construction project has become common problem in the industry, especially housing project in Malaysia. As old school approaches are not effective to mitigate the delay occurrence, there is a need to rethink and reclassified the delay factors so that the housing delivery delay could be effectively avoided. The aim of this paper is to reclassify the housing delivery delay factors in order to simplify the delays detection and mitigation provisions. The delay factors are classified into structural, institutional and cultural. A comprehensive literature review from various sources has made to carry out the study. The study found that construction stage is the major contribution to housing delivery delay. Besides, the study also identified 18 critical structural delay factors, 3 institutional delay factors, and 3 cultural delay related factors in Malaysian housing industry