80 research outputs found
Empirical Study on the Determinants of Unemployment Rate in Algeria
The purpose of this empirical study is to analyze the impact of specific variables on Algeria’s unemployment rate between 1995 and 2021. To achieve this, we utilized the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model. The variables considered in our analysis encompass the unemployment rate, economic growth rate, entrepreneurial activity, Human Development Index, and the number of internet users.
This paper is structured into two principal sections. The first section provides a literature review concerning the factors influencing the unemployment rate. In the second section, we present our empiricalstudy to establish the relationship between the unemployment rate andthe other variables.
The main results of this study demonstrate that economic growth rate, entrepreneurial activity, and the Human Development Index contributeto a reduction in Algeria’s unemployment rate. However, the variable related to internet usage intensity was not included in the final equationof the VAR3 model. Even in Granger causality tests, its impact was found to be statistically insignificant
Formalization and Verification of Hierarchical Use of Interaction Overview Diagrams Using Timing Diagrams
Thanks to its graphical notation and simplicity, Unified Modeling Language
(UML) is a de facto standard and a widespread language used in both industry
and academia, despite the fact that its semantics is still informal. The
Interaction Overview Diagram (IOD) is introduced in UML2; it allows the
specification of the behavior in the hierarchical way. This paper is a
contribution towards a formal dynamic semantics of UML2. We start by
formalizing the Hierarchical use of IOD. Afterward, we complete the mapping of
IOD, Sequence Diagrams and Timing Diagrams into Hierarchical Colored Petri Nets
(HCPNs) using the Timed colored Petri Nets (timed CP-net). Our approach helps
designers to get benefits from abstraction as well as refinement at more than
two levels of hierarchy which reduces verification complexity.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
mAPN: Modeling, Analysis, and Exploration of Algorithmic and Parallelism Adaptivity
Using parallel embedded systems these days is increasing. They are getting
more complex due to integrating multiple functionalities in one application or
running numerous ones concurrently. This concerns a wide range of applications,
including streaming applications, commonly used in embedded systems. These
applications must implement adaptable and reliable algorithms to deliver the
required performance under varying circumstances (e.g., running applications on
the platform, input data, platform variety, etc.). Given the complexity of
streaming applications, target systems, and adaptivity requirements, designing
such systems with traditional programming models is daunting. This is why
model-based strategies with an appropriate Model of Computation (MoC) have long
been studied for embedded system design. This work provides algorithmic
adaptivity on top of parallelism for dynamic dataflow to express larger sets of
variants. We present a multi-Alternative Process Network (mAPN), a high-level
abstract representation in which several variants of the same application
coexist in the same graph expressing different implementations. We introduce
mAPN properties and its formalism to describe various local implementation
alternatives. Furthermore, mAPNs are enriched with metadata to Provide the
alternatives with quantitative annotations in terms of a specific metric. To
help the user analyze the rich space of variants, we propose a methodology to
extract feasible variants under user and hardware constraints. At the core of
the methodology is an algorithm for computing global metrics of an execution of
different alternatives from a compact mAPN specification. We validate our
approach by exploring several possible variants created for the Automatic
Subtitling Application (ASA) on two hardware platforms.Comment: 26 PAGES JOURNAL PAPE
Microbial symbionts : a resource for the management of insect-related problems
Microorganisms establish with their animal hosts close interactions. They are involved in many aspects of the host life, physiology and evolution, including nutrition, reproduction, immune homeostasis, defence and speciation. Thus, the manipulation and the exploitation the microbiota could result in important practical applications for the development of strategies for the management of insect-related problems. This approach, defined as Microbial Resource Management (MRM), has been applied successfully in various environments and ecosystems, as wastewater treatments, prebiotics in humans, anaerobic digestion and so on. MRM foresees the proper management of the microbial resource present in a given ecosystem in order to solve practical problems through the use of microorganisms. In this review we present an interesting field for application for MRM concept, i.e. the microbial communities associated with arthropods and nematodes. Several examples related to this field of applications are presented. Insect microbiota can be manipulated: (i) to control insect pests for agriculture; (ii) to control pathogens transmitted by insects to humans, animals and plants; (iii) to protect beneficial insects from diseases and stresses. Besides, we prospect further studies aimed to verify, improve and apply MRM by using the insectsymbiont ecosystem as a model
Les déterminants du développement du capital humain dans les pays du Maghreb
L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les déterminants ou les facteurs contribuant à améliorer l’indice de développement humain dans trois pays Maghrébins : l’Algérie, le Maroc et La Tunisie. Notre étude s’étale sur une période de 10 ans, elle vise à tester l’effet de plusieurs variables explicatives que nous avons intégré dans notre modèle empirique ; en se référant aux modèles de régression multiple sur des données de panels
Development of a new bisphenol A electrochemical sensor based on a cadmium(ii) porphyrin modified carbon paste electrode
In this study, the (5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(4-methoxyphenyl)]porphyrinato)cadmium(II) complex ([Cd(TMPP)]) was successfully used as a modifier in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and exploited for bisphenol A (BPA) detection. Analytical performance revealed two linear ranges from 0.0015–15 μM and 0.015–1.5 mM with a detection limit of 13.5 pM. The proposed method was implemented in water samples, which resulted in quantitative signals over the range 6.5–1000 μM with recoveries between 92.6 and 107.7% for tap water and between 96.6 to 106.0% for mineral water
A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites::preparation, processing and characterization
Designing environmentally friendly materials from natural resources represents a great challenge in the last decade. However, the lack of fundamental knowledge in the processing of the raw materials to fabricate the composites structure is still a major challenge for potential applications.Natural fibers extracted from plants are receiving more attention from researchers, scientists and academics due to their use in polymer composites and also their environmentally friendly nature and sustainability. The natural fiber features depend on the preparation and processing of the fibers. Natural plant fibers are extracted either by mechanical retting, dew retting and/or water retting processes. The natural fibers characteristics could be improved by suitable chemicals and surface treatments. This survey proposes a detailed review of the different types of retting processes, chemical and surface treatments and characterization techniques for natural fibers. We summarize major findings from the literature and the treatment effects on the properties of the natural fibers are being highlighted
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