Detection and nudge-intervention on sensitive information in social networks

[EN] Detecting sensitive information considering privacy is a relevant issue on Online Social Networks (OSNs). It is often difficult for users to manage the privacy associated with their posts on social networks taking into account all the possible consequences. The aim of this work is to provide information about the sensitivity of the content of a publication when a user is going to share it in OSN. For this purpose, we developed a privacy-assistant agent that detects sensitive information. Based on this information, the agent provides a message through a nudge mechanism warning about the possible risks of sharing the message. To avoid being annoying, the agent also considers the user's previous behaviour (e.g. if he previously ignored certain nudges) and adapts the messages it sends to give more relevance to those categories that are more important to the user from the point of view of the privacy risk. This agent was integrated into the social network Pesedia. We analysed the performance of different models to detect a set of sensitive categories (i.e. location, medical, drug/alcohol, emotion, personal attacks, stereotyping, family and association details, personal details and personally identifiable information) in a dataset of tweets in Spanish. The model that obtained the best results (i.e. F1 and accuracy) and that was finally integrated into the privacy-assistant agent was transformer-based.This work is supported by the Spanish Government project TIN2017-89156-R.Alemany, J.; Botti-Cebriá, V.; Del Val Noguera, E.; García-Fornes, A. (2022). Detection and nudge-intervention on sensitive information in social networks. Logic Journal of IGPL. 30(6):942-953. https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzac00494295330

A novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor directs a potent FOXO-dependent, p53-independent cell cycle arrest phenotype characterized by the differential induction of a subset of FOXO-regulated genes.

INTRODUCTION: The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway is one the most frequent genetic events in breast cancer, consequently the development of PI3K inhibitors has attracted much attention. Here we evaluate the effect of PI3K inhibition on global gene expression in breast cancer cells. METHODS: We used a range of methodologies that include in silico compound analysis, in vitro kinase assays, cell invasion assays, proliferation assays, genome-wide transcription studies (Agilent Technologies full genome arrays), gene set enrichment analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting in addition to chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: We defined the physico-chemical and the biological properties of ETP-45658, a novel potent PI3K inhibitor. We demonstrated that ETP-45658 potently inhibited cell proliferation within a broad range of human cancer cells, most potently suppressing the growth of breast cancer cells via inhibiting cell cycle. We show that this response is Forkhead box O (FOXO) protein dependent and p53 independent. Our genome-wide microarray analysis revealed that the cell cycle was the most affected biological process after exposure to ETP-45658 (or our control PI3K inhibitor PI-103), that despite the multiple transcription factors that are regulated by the PI3K/AKT signalling cascade, only the binding sites for FOXO transcription factors were significantly enriched and only a subset of all FOXO-dependent genes were induced. This disparity in gene transcription was not due to differential FOXO promoter recruitment. CONCLUSIONS: The constitutive activation of PI3Ks and thus the exclusion of FOXO transcription factors from the nucleus is a key feature of breast cancer. Our results presented here highlight that PI3K inhibition activates specific FOXO-dependent genes that mediate cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells

Variabilidad en número, morfología y bandas C de los cromosomas B de "Aegilops speltoides" Tausch = Number, morphology and C banding variability of B chromosomes in "Aegilops speltoides" Tausch

Plants of the species <i>Aegilops speltoides</i> were collected in six localities of Israel: Haifa 1, Haifa 2, Ramat. Ara, Benaya and Ashkelon. They were studied for B chromosome polymorphism. Benaya and Ashkelon, located to the South of the Mediterranean coast, lack B chromosomes (Bs), while Haifa 1, Haifa 2, Ramat and Ara, located to the North, have Bs. It seems that Bs are present only in populations living in localities favourable for the species. We found variability for C heterochromatin in the Bs. The standard type ís submetacentric, with a large pericentromeric C-band, and two small C-bands, one on each arm. The pericentromeric C-band is constató while the other C-bands are highly variable. The most frequent B types found in these populations can be explained by recombination between Bs with and without C-bands. We have also found Bs with structural mutations. This highly polymorphic structure of the Bs can be explained by their lack of specific genetic function.<br><br>Se recolectaron plantas de <i>Aegilops speltoides</i> en seis localidades de Israel: Haifa 1, Haifa 2, Ramat, Ara, Benaya y Ashkelon, para estudiar el polimorfismo para cromosomas B. En las poblaciones Benaya y Ashkelon, en el sur de la costa mediterránea, no se encontraron cromosomas B (Bs), mientras que en Haifa 1 y 2, Ramat y Ara, situadas en el norte, se detectó este tipo de cromosoma. Parece que los Bs solo están presentes en aquellas localidades que son más favorables para la especie. Hemos encontrado variabilidad en la heterocromatina presente en los Bs. El tipo estándar es submetacéntrico, con una banda pericentromérica grande y dos bandas C pequeñas, una en cada brazo. La banda pericentromérica es constante, mientras que las otras bandas son muy variables. Los patrones más frecuentes en estas poblaciones se pueden explicar por la recombinación entre Bs con y sin bandas. También hemos hallado Bs con mutaciones estructurales. La gran variabilidad de los Bs encontrados es comprensible, dado que carecen de funciones genéticas específicas

Gp96 is a receptor for a novel Listeria monocytogenes virulence factor, Vip, a surface protein

By comparative genomics, we have identified a gene of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes that encodes an LPXTG surface protein absent from nonpathogenic Listeria species. This gene, vip, is positively regulated by PrfA, the transcriptional activator of the major Listeria virulence factors. Vip is anchored to the Listeria cell wall by sortase A and is required for entry into some mammalian cells. Using a ligand overlay approach, we identified a cellular receptor for Vip, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident chaperone Gp96 recently shown to interact with TLRs. The Vip–Gp96 interaction is critical for bacterial entry into some cells. Comparative infection studies using oral and intravenous inoculation of nontransgenic and transgenic mice expressing human E-cadherin demonstrated a role for Vip in Listeria virulence, not only at the intestine level but also in late stages of the infectious process. Vip thus appears as a new virulence factor exploiting Gp96 as a receptor for cell invasion and/or signalling events that may interfere with the host immune response in the course of the infection

Geochemistry of pyroxenitic and hornblenditic xenoliths in alkaline lamprophyres from the Spanish Central System

The alkaline lamprophyres and diabases of the Spanish Central System carry a heterogeneous suite of xenoliths which includes scarce pyroxenitic and hornblenditic types that can be divided in two groups: (a) pyroxenite xenoliths, including spinel clinopyroxenites and spinel websterites with granoblastic textures, and (b) hornblende-bearing clinopyroxenites and hornblendites (here after called hornblenditic xenoliths) characterised by the presence of Ti-rich kaersutitic amphibole and magmatic textures. Both groups of xenoliths can be assigned to the Al-augite series of Wilshire and Shervais (1975) [Wilshire, H.G., Shervais, J.W., 1975. Al-augite and Cr-diopside ultramafic xenoliths in basaltic rocks from western United States. Phys. Chem. Earth 9, 257–272] with Al-rich and Cr-poor mafic phases. Clinopyroxenes show a very similar trace element composition in all of the ultramafic xenoliths, characterised by convex-upward chondrite-normalised REE patterns and low contents of incompatible elements such as Rb, Ba, Th and Nb. Kaersutite in the amphibole-bearing xenoliths shows a similar convex-upward REE pattern as clinopyroxene. Whole-rock and mineral geochemistry support an origin as cumulates from alkaline to subalkaline melts for most of the pyroxenites and hornblendites that have been studied. The Sr–Nd isotope ratios of pyroxenite xenoliths display two extreme compositional poles: one clinopyroxenite plots in the OIB field towards depleted values (87Sr/86Sr=0.7028 and qNd=6.2), whereas the other pyroxenites plot in enriched lithospheric fields (0.705 to 0.706 and 2.8 to 3.4, respectively), which implies that different magmas have been involved in their genesis. The hornblenditic xenolith suite has a very homogeneous isotopic composition, close to the isotopically depleted values of high qNd and low 87Sr/86Sr ratios of one of the pyroxenite xenoliths. Some of these ultramafic xenoliths fall within the isotopic compositional range of their host alkaline dykes, which also define a bipolar compositional field, suggesting that most of them are cogenetic with the lamprophyres. P–T estimates yield temperatures in the range of 970–1080 8C and pressures mainly from 0.9 to 1.2 GPa for pyroxenites, whilst hornblenditic xenoliths give lower (and probably underestimated) pressures (0.7–0.9 GPa). This pressure range is in agreement with pyroxenites being formed by an underplating event at the upper mantle–lower crust boundary, whereas pressure estimates for hornblenditic xenoliths suggest equilibration within the lower crust