Avaliação interdisciplinar da evolução do sistema de produção de leite em pastoreio racional voisin - PRV, no Colégio Agrícola de Camboriú - CAC: estudo do caso

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em AgroecossistemasO presente trabalho objetivou avaliar mudanças ocorridas com a implantação do sistema à base de pasto denominado Pastoreio Racional Voisin - PRV, na Unidade Didática de Bovinocultura de Leite - UDBL, do Colégio Agrícola de Camboriú - CAC. Esse sistema foi implantado, no CAC, em 2003 e teve seu funcionamento no início de 2004. A área total da UDBL é de 11,81 ha e foi dividida em três módulos, totalizando 77 piquetes. Para a pesquisa foram utilizados os módulos I e II, que compreendem 42 piquetes, com cerca de 2.000 m2. O manejo dos piquetes foi realizado com os animais que compõem o plantel da UDBL, que são animais puros das raças Holandês e Jersey, e animais cruzados entre essas duas raças. Utilizaram-se dois grupos de animais: o de desnate, composto pelas vacas em produção; e o de repasse, composto pelas vacas secas e novilhas. O tempo de ocupação e de repouso dos piquetes foram variáveis, de acordo com as condições das forrageiras para a entrada e saída dos animais. Avaliou-se: fertilidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, composição botânica da pastagem, contagem de células somáticas - CCS e análise econômica. Para as duas primeiras e a última avaliações utilizou-se os dados da pesquisa realizada por Rogério Luís Kerber, iniciada em janeiro de 2004 antes da entrada dos animais em PRV. As outras duas avaliações iniciaram-se em outubro de 2004. Para avaliar a fertilidade do solo e a resistência à penetração do solo, foram sorteados seis piquetes. Para avaliar a composição botânica da pastagem utilizou-se o método Botanal em seis novos piquetes. Na análise econômica utilizou-se o programa de gerenciamento interno de produtos do CAC e o programa Contagri, desenvolvido pela Epagri. Na avaliação da CCS utilizou-se leite das vacas em produção, independente do estádio de lactação e comparou-se os resultados com o teste para mastite CMT. Nas seis avaliações realizadas para fertilidade do solo não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05). Para a resistência à penetração, também em seis avaliações, houve uma expressiva significativa diminuição de 24,34 kgf.cm-2 para 6,00 kgf.cm-2 (P<0,05), com diferença de cerca de 18,00 kgf.cm-2, da primeira à última avaliação. Nas quatro avaliações da composição botânica foram encontradas trinta espécies. Observou-se que a maior taxa de acúmulo de MS do pasto foi em novembro com uma produção de 125,55 kg de MS.dia-1.ha-1; a menor em setembro com produção de 50,09 kg de MS.dia-1.ha-1. O Trifolium repens aumentou sua densidade de 5% para 12%, da primeira à quarta avaliação, e a Brachiaria arrecta diminuiu sua densidade de 28% para 15%, no mesmo período. Nas quatro avaliações das células somáticas houve uma diminuição progressiva da média do rebanho de 391,84 mil células.mL-1, na primeira avaliação, para 69,03 mil células.mL-1, na quarta avaliação. Na análise econômica, comparando-se os anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005, registrou-se uma redução no custo do litro de leite em cerca de nove centavos (21,70 %), de 2003 para 2005. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the changes that occurred with the implantation of a grass base system called Rational Pasturing Voisin - PRV, that took place at Unidade Didática de Bovinicultura de Leite - UDBL, in Colégio Agrícola de Camboriú - CAC. This system was implanted, at CAC, in 2003 and staried in the beginning 2004. The total area of the UDBL is about 11.81 hectares and it was divided in three modules, totalized 77 paddocks. For the research modules I and II were used, totalizing 42 paddocks, with about 2,000 m2. The management of the paddocks was carried through with animals that belonged to the stock of the UDBL, with some pure Holstein and Jersey breeds and also some animals bred between those two. One used two animal groups: one of them leards, contained milked cows; and one of followers contained dry cows and heifers. The time of occupation and rest of the paddocks were changeable, in accordance with the conditions of the pasture for the entrance and exit of the animals. One carried out five evaluations: soil fertility, resistance of the soil to penetration, botanical composition of the pasture, somatic cells counts - SCC and economic analysis. For the two first and last evaluations the data used was of the research carried out by Rogério Luís Kerber, initiated in January 2004 before introducing the animals in PRV. The other two evaluations initiated in October 2004. To evaluate the fertility and the resistance of the soil to penetration, six paddocks were chosen. To evaluate the pasture botanical composition the Botanal Method in six new paddocks was used. In the economic analysis we the program of internal management of products of the CAC and the Contagri program, developed by Epagri were used. In the evaluation of SCC milk of lactation cows was used, independent of the lactation stadium and compared the results with the test for mastite California Mastits Test - CMT. The six evaluations about soil fertility demonstrated that there was not significant difference (P<0.05), and about resistence to penetration, also in six evaluations, there was a significant decrease from 24.34 kgf.cm-2 to 6.00 kgf.cm-2 (P<0.05) about 18.00 kgf.cm-2 from the first one to the last evaluation. In the four evaluations of the botanical composition thirty species had been found. It was observed that the biggest sign of growth of the pasture was in November with a production of about 125.55 kg of dry matter. day-1.ha-1; and the minor was in September with production of about 50.09 kg of dry matter.day-1.ha-1. Trifolium repens increased its density from 5% to 12%, from the first one to the fourth evaluation, and the Brachiaria arrecta decrease its density from 28% to 15%, in the same period. In the four evaluations of the somatic cells there was a progressive decrease of the cattle's average from 391.84 cells.mL-1 in the first evaluation to 69.03 cells.mL-1 in the fourth evaluation. In the economic analysis, comparing the years of 2003 with 2004 and 2005, it showed a decrease of about nine cents (21.70 %) in the cost production of milk from 2003 to 2005

L’intégration des services sur une base locale : acquis et limites

Cet article rend compte d'une expérience locale d'intégration des services auprès d'une clientèle souffrant de troubles mentaux. L'expérience s'est déroulée dans une région rurale entre 1998 et 2001 et a été financée par le Fonds pour l'adaptation des services de santé (FASS). Les auteurs décrivent le contexte particulier de l'expérimentation, le modèle d'intervention qui, fait particulier, comprend une intégration des services de santé au niveau populationnel ainsi que des interventions spécifiques pour la clientèle de la santé mentale. Les auteurs procèdent ensuite à l'évaluation de cette expérimentation et plus particulièrement son implantation en s'appuyant sur le concept de partenariat. Les relations dyadiques entre les acteurs institutionnels, non institutionnels et les personnes utilisatrices sont ainsi examinées. Après avoir mis en évidence les avantages d'une telle expérimentation locale, ils discutent des limites et des enjeux particuliers de ce projet dans le contexte de la santé mentale.Service integration on a local basis : advantages and limits This article describes an experience of integration of services to people with mental health disorders on a local basis. The experience took place in a rural region between 1998 and 2001 and was funded by the Fonds pour l'adaptation des services de santé (FASS). The authors describe th specific context of the experience, the intervention model which includes integration of health services on a population level as well as specific interventions for mental health patients. The authors then evaluate the experience and more particularly, its implementation on the basis of the concept of partnership. Dyadic relationships between institutional, non institutional protagonists and consumers are examined. After emphasizing the advantages of such an experience, the authors discuss the limits and particular stakes of such a project in the context of mental health.La integración de servicios sobre una base local: adquiridos y limites Este artículo da cuenta de una experiencia local de integración de servicios con personas que padecen de problemas mentales. La experiencia se efectuó en una región rural entre 1998 y 2001 y ha sido financiada por el Fondos para la adaptación de servicios de salud (FASS). Los autores describen el contexto particular de la experimentación, el modelo de intervención, cual, hecho particular, incluye una integración de servicios de salud al nivel poblacional aisi que de intervenciones específicas para la clientela de salud mental. Los autores proceden despues a una evaluación de esta experimentación y más particularmente, su establecimiento, apoyandose sobre el concepto de colaboración. Las relaciones dyadicas entre los actores institucionales, non institucionales y las personas utilizadoras estan examinadas. Ponen en evidencia las ventajas de tal experimentación local y discuten de las limites y de cuestiones particulares de este proyecto en el contexto de la salud mental.Integração dos serviços prestados localmente: conquistas e limites Este artigo trata de uma experiência local de integração dos serviços prestados junto a uma clientela que sofre de problemas mentais. A experiência foi realizada em uma região rural entre 1998 e 2001 e foi financiada pelo Fundo para Adaptação dos Serviços de Saúde (FASS). Os autores descrevem o contexto específico da experiência, o modelo da atuação que, especificamente neste caso, inclui uma integração dos serviços de saúde em nível popular e as atuações específicas da clientela de saúde mental. Os autores fazem em seguida uma avaliação desta experiência e, mais especificamente, de sua implantação, apoiando-se no conceito de parceria. Eles examinam as relações diádicas entre os atores institucionais, não institucionais e os usuários. Depois de evidenciar as vantagens desta experiência local, eles discutem sobre os limites e as questões específicas deste projeto no contexto da saúde mental

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA REPRODUTIVA DE OVELHAS E BORREGAS MESTIÇAS SUBMETIDAS À MONTA EM DIFERENTES ESTAÇÕES DO ANO EVALUATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CROSSBRED EWES AND EWE LAMBS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT MATING SEASONS

Este estudo objetivou avaliar aspectos reprodutivos de ovelhas e borregas mestiças submetidas a três estações de monta realizadas em meses diferentes. Foramrealizadas coberturas por monta natural em meses favoráveis à reprodução (março/2107 e 2018) e desfavorável (outubro/2017). Nas montas de outubro/17 e março/18 u tilizou se um borrego como reprodutor. Foi avaliada a condição corporal,grau Famacha© previamente às coberturas e porcentagem de concepção e prolificidade, posteriormente. Observou se baixa porcentagem de concepção nas montas realizadas em outubro e para as borregas cobertas em março/18. Com os resultados foi possível discutir e sugerir os motivos pelos quais ocorreram índices reprodutivos insatisfatórios

The ongoing search for the molecular basis of plant osmosensing

Introduction: Cell viability and metabolism depend on cytoplasmic water and solute content, and organisms have evolved mechanisms to sense changes in cell water content, solute concentrations, cell volume, and/or turgor. This Perspective addresses the response to osmotic challenge in land plants and describes their special dependence on cellular water status for growth and development. Understanding how plants cope with water limitation may allow us to mitigate the agricultural effects of drought, a critical limitation on global crop productivity that is likely to increase in severity as the climate changes (Long and Ort, 2010). The signaling pathways by which plants respond to osmotic challenge are intriguing from an evolutionary standpoint: some aspects of these pathways resemble those of fungal or mammalian cells, some are similar to prokaryotic mechanisms, and yet others are unique to plants (as described below and in Hamann, 2012). In addition to the importance of osmotic homeostasis in land plants, we will discuss some of the specific context and language of plant stress biology, and describe what is known (and not known) about the molecular pathways by which plants sense and respond to osmotic challenges

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA REPRODUTIVA DE OVELHAS E BORREGAS MESTIÇAS SUBMETIDAS À MONTA EM DIFERENTES ESTAÇÕES DO ANO

Este estudo objetivou avaliar aspectos reprodutivos de ovelhas e borregas mestiças submetidas a três estações de monta realizadas em meses diferentes. Foram realizadas coberturas por monta natural em meses favoráveis à reprodução (março/2107 e 2018) e desfavorável (outubro/2017). Nas montas de outubro/17 e março/18 u tilizou se um borrego como reprodutor. Foi avaliada a condição corporal, grau Famacha© previamente às coberturas e porcentagem de concepção e prolificidade, posteriormente. Observou se baixa porcentagem de concepção nas montas realizadas em outubro e para as borregas cobertas em março/18. Com os resultados foi possível discutir e sugerir os motivos pelos quais ocorreram índices reprodutivos insatisfatórios

Characterization of the Sesbania rostrata Phytochelatin Synthase Gene: Alternative Splicing and Function of Four Isoforms

Phytochelatins (PCs) play an important role in detoxification of heavy metals in plants. PCs are synthesized from glutathione by phytochelatin synthase (PCS), a dipeptidyltransferase. Sesbania rostrata is a tropical legume plant that can tolerate high concentrations of Cd and Zn. In this study, the S. rostrata PCS gene (SrPCS) and cDNAs were isolated and characterized. Southern blot and sequence analysis revealed that a single copy of the SrPCS gene occurs in the S. rostrata genome, and produces four different SrPCS mRNAs and proteins, SrPCS1–SrPCS4, by alternative splicing of the SrPCS pre-mRNA. The SrPCS1 and SrPCS3 proteins conferred Cd tolerance when expressed in yeast cells, whereas the SrPCS2 and SrPCS4 proteins, which lack the catalytic triad and the N-terminal domains, did not. These results suggested that SrPCS1 and SrPCS3 have potential applications in genetic engineering of plants for enhancing heavy metal tolerance and phytoremediation of contaminated soils

A Novel fry1 Allele Reveals the Existence of a Mutant Phenotype Unrelated to 5′->3′ Exoribonuclease (XRN) Activities in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots

International audienceBackgroundMutations in the FRY1/SAL1 Arabidopsis locus are highly pleiotropic, affecting drought tolerance, leaf shape and root growth. FRY1 encodes a nucleotide phosphatase that in vitro has inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase and 3′,(2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotide phosphatase activities. It is not clear which activity mediates each of the diverse biological functions of FRY1 in planta.Principal FindingsA fry1 mutant was identified in a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants deregulated in the expression of Pi High affinity Transporter 1;4 (PHT1;4). Histological analysis revealed that, in roots, FRY1 expression was restricted to the stele and meristems. The fry1 mutant displayed an altered root architecture phenotype and an increased drought tolerance. All of the phenotypes analyzed were complemented with the AHL gene encoding a protein that converts 3′-polyadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) into AMP and Pi. PAP is known to inhibit exoribonucleases (XRN) in vitro. Accordingly, an xrn triple mutant with mutations in all three XRNs shared the fry1 drought tolerance and root architecture phenotypes. Interestingly these two traits were also complemented by grafting, revealing that drought tolerance was primarily conferred by the rosette and that the root architecture can be complemented by long-distance regulation derived from leaves. By contrast, PHT1 expression was not altered in xrn mutants or in grafting experiments. Thus, PHT1 up-regulation probably resulted from a local depletion of Pi in the fry1 stele. This hypothesis is supported by the identification of other genes modulated by Pi deficiency in the stele, which are found induced in a fry1 background.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results indicate that the 3′,(2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotide phosphatase activity of FRY1 is involved in long-distance as well as local regulatory activities in roots. The local up-regulation of PHT1 genes transcription in roots likely results from local depletion of Pi and is independent of the XRNs.

Evaluation of the impact of interdisciplinarity in cancer care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Teamwork is a key component of the health care renewal strategy emphasized in Quebec, elsewhere in Canada and in other countries to enhance the quality of oncology services. While this innovation would appear beneficial in theory, empirical evidences of its impact are limited. Current efforts in Quebec to encourage the development of local interdisciplinary teams in all hospitals offer a unique opportunity to assess the anticipated benefits. These teams working in hospital outpatient clinics are responsible for treatment, follow-up and patient support. The study objective is to assess the impact of interdisciplinarity on cancer patients and health professionals.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This is a quasi-experimental study with three comparison groups distinguished by intensity of interdisciplinarity: strong, moderate and weak. The study will use a random sample of 12 local teams in Quebec, stratified by intensity of interdisciplinarity. The instrument to measure the intensity of the interdisciplinarity, developed in collaboration with experts, encompasses five dimensions referring to aspects of team structure and process. Self-administered questionnaires will be used to measure the impact of interdisciplinarity on patients (health care utilization, continuity of care and cancer services responsiveness) and on professionals (professional well-being, assessment of teamwork and perception of teamwork climate). Approximately 100 health professionals working on the selected teams and 2000 patients will be recruited. Statistical analyses will include descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of the impact observed according to the strata of interdisciplinarity. Fixed and random multivariate statistical models (multilevel analyses) will also be used.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will pinpoint to what extent interdisciplinarity is linked to quality of care and meets the complex and varied needs of cancer patients. It will ascertain to what extent interdisciplinary teamwork facilitated the work of professionals. Such findings are important given the growing prevalence of cancer and the importance of attracting and retaining health professionals to work with cancer patients.</p

Transcriptional dynamics during cell wall removal and regeneration reveals key genes involved in cell wall development in rice

Efficient and cost-effective conversion of plant biomass to usable forms of energy requires a thorough understanding of cell wall biosynthesis, modification and degradation. To elucidate these processes, we assessed the expression dynamics during enzymatic removal and regeneration of rice cell walls in suspension cells over time. In total, 928 genes exhibited significant up-regulation during cell wall removal, whereas, 79 genes were up-regulated during cell wall regeneration. Both gene sets are enriched for kinases, transcription factors and genes predicted to be involved in cell wall-related functions. Integration of the gene expression datasets with a catalog of known and/or predicted biochemical pathways from rice, revealed metabolic and hormonal pathways involved in cell wall degradation and regeneration. Rice lines carrying Tos17 mutations in genes up-regulated during cell wall removal exhibit dwarf phenotypes. Many of the genes up-regulated during cell wall development are also up-regulated in response to infection and environmental perturbations indicating a coordinated response to diverse types of stress