Cancer Mortality in Older Mexican Individuals (2000 – 2010)

The article shows the trends of cancer mortality in older mexican individuals during the period from 2000 to 201

Two Boundaries Separate Borrelia burgdorferi Populations in North America

Understanding the spread of infectious diseases is crucial for implementing effective control measures. For this, it is important to obtain information on the contemporary population structure of a disease agent and to infer the evolutionary processes that may have shaped it. Here, we investigate on a continental scale the population structure of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick-borne disease, in North America. We test the hypothesis that the observed d population structure is congruent with recent population expansions and that these were preceded by bottlenecks mostly likely caused by the near extirpation in the 1900s of hosts required for sustaining tick populations. Multilocus sequence typing and complementary population analytical tools were used to evaluate B. burgdorferi samples collected in the Northeastern, Upper Midwestern, and Far-Western United States and Canada. The spatial distribution of sequence types (STs) and inferred population boundaries suggest that the current populations are geographically separated. One major population boundary separated western B. burgdorferi populations transmitted by Ixodes pacificus in California from Eastern populations transmitted by I. scapularis; the other divided Midwestern and Northeastern populations. However, populations from all three regions were genetically closely related. Together, our findings suggest that although the contemporary populations of North American B. burgdorferi now com- prise three geographically separated subpopulations with no or limited gene flow among them, they arose from a common ancestral population. A comparative analysis of the B. burgdorferi outer surface protein C (ospC) gene revealed novel linkages and provides additional insights into the genetic characteristics of strains

Reparación de sección de arteria axilar mediante el uso de un injerto autólogo de vena safena mayor

A traumatic humeral fracture is a clinic entity that presents with relative frequency in emergency services. It is estimated that its incidence is between 4% to 5% of all fractures, 45% of surgical neck of the humerus and additionally 85% of these are non displaced. Complications that may occur during surgical correction of a humeral fracture include vascular and neurological lesions, with vascular lesions being the most common (3%). The close proximity of the axillary vasculature to the head of the humerus increased the risk of vascular lesion during the fracture or anterior luxation of the shoulder.This case report presents a 57 year old female patient, with a medical history of traumatic injury to the humerus, 15 days prior to the first consultation. During which she presents with pain, limited functional mobility, and loss of range of movement.An anterior-posterior x-ray is taken of the shoulder, where a complete fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus is visualized. The patient is then taken to a shoulder arthroplasty and at the moment of closing the tuberosities over the prosthesis, it presents with profuse bleeding due to an intraoperative complication that generates a 1cm marginal tear of the axillary artery. This situation required management by vascular surgery who decides to implement the placement of an autologous graft of the major saphenous vein.Introducción: Una fractura humeral traumática es una entidad clínica que se presenta con relativa frecuencia en los servicios de emergencia. Se estima que su incidencia está entre el 4% y el 5% de todas las fracturas, el 45% en el cuello quirúrgico del húmero y, además, el 85% de estas son no desplazadas. Las complicaciones que pueden ocurrir durante la corrección quirúrgica de una fractura humeral incluyen lesiones vasculares y neurológicas, siendo las lesiones vasculares las más comunes (3%). La proximidad cercana de los vasos axilares a la cabeza del húmero aumenta el riesgo de lesiones vasculares durante la fractura o luxación anterior del hombro. Caso clínico: Este informe de caso presenta a una paciente de 57 años, con antecedentes médicos de lesión traumática en el húmero, 15 días antes de la primera consulta. Durante la consulta, presenta dolor, movilidad funcional limitada y pérdida de rango de movimiento. Se realiza una radiografía anteroposterior del hombro, donde se visualiza una fractura completa del cuello quirúrgico del húmero. La paciente es sometida a una artroplastia de hombro y, al momento de cerrar las tuberosidades sobre la prótesis, presenta sangrado profuso debido a una complicación intraoperatoria que genera una rotura marginal de 1 cm de la arteria axilar. Esta situación requirió la intervención de cirugía vascular, que decidió implementar el injerto autólogo de la vena safena mayor. Discusión: La artroplastia de hombro, un procedimiento de reemplazo articular técnicamente exigente, requiere una evaluación integral e intervención oportuna debido a su complejidad. Las lesiones en esta región pueden comprometer la funcionalidad del miembro y la vida del paciente. La identificación rápida mediante un examen físico detallado y estudios de diagnóstico por imágenes es crucial. Las complicaciones, como las lesiones vasculares intraoperatorias, pueden ocurrir en hasta el 3% de los casos. Reconocer signos reveladores, como sangrado activo y pérdida de pulsos distales, es esencial para un diagnóstico y tratamiento precisos. La reparación vascular en tales casos suele favorecer la cirugía abierta, prefiriéndose los injertos autólogos sobre los protésicos debido a menores riesgos de infección y trombosis. La vena safena mayor, con su accesibilidad y características estructurales, resulta ser un excelente recurso para la reparación vascular. Aunque los injertos autólogos han demostrado eficacia, se necesita más evidencia para afirmar su preferencia en todos los casos

Ciudad Compacta, Espacio Público y Población Flotante en el Eje Ambiental del Centro de Bogotá

El ejercicio de investigación es la suma de cuatro propuestas desde diferentes disciplinas y dimensiones, que intentan dar solución a la baja densidad poblacional del centro de Bogotá y su incidencia en la dispersión urbana

Transcriptional profiling of fetal hypothalamic TRH neurons

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.AbstractBackgroundDuring murine hypothalamic development, different neuroendocrine cell phenotypes are generated in overlapping periods; this suggests that cell-type specific developmental programs operate to achieve complete maturation. A balance between programs that include cell proliferation, cell cycle withdrawal as well as epigenetic regulation of gene expression characterizes neurogenesis. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is a peptide that regulates energy homeostasis and autonomic responses. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying TRH neuron development, we performed a genome wide study of its transcriptome during fetal hypothalamic development. ResultsIn primary cultures, TRH cells constitute 2% of the total fetal hypothalamic cell population. To purify these cells, we took advantage of the fact that the segment spanning -774 to +84 bp of the Trh gene regulatory region confers specific expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the TRH cells. Transfected TRH cells were purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting, various cell preparations pooled, and their transcriptome compared to that of GFP- hypothalamic cells. TRH cells undergoing the terminal phase of differentiation, expressed genes implicated in protein biosynthesis, intracellular signaling and transcriptional control. Among the transcription-associated transcripts, we identified the transcription factors Klf4, Klf10 and Atf3, which were previously uncharacterized within the hypothalamus. ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is one of the first reports identifying transcripts with a potentially important role during the development of a specific hypothalamic neuronal phenotype. This genome-scale study forms a rational foundation for identifying genes that might participate in the development and function of hypothalamic TRH neurons.Published versio

Acinetobacter baumannii from grass: novel but non-resistant clones

Acinetobacter baumannii is one the most worrisome nosocomial pathogens, which has long been considered almost mainly as a hospital-associated bacterium. There have been some studies about animal and environmental isolates over the last decade. However, little effort has been made to determine if this pathogen dwells in the grass. Here, we aim to determine the evolutionary relationships and antibiotic resistance of clones of A. baumannii sampled from grass to the major human international clones and animal clones. Two hundred and forty genomes were considered in total from four different sources for this study. Our core and accessory genomic epidemiology analyses showed that grass isolates cluster in seven groups well differentiated from one another and from the major human and animal isolates. Furthermore, we found new sequence types under both multilocus sequence typing schemes: two under the Pasteur scheme and seven for the Oxford scheme. The grass isolates contained fewer antibiotic-resistance genes and were not resistant to the antibiotics tested. Our results demonstrate that these novel clones appear to have limited antibiotic resistance potential. Given our findings, we propose that genomic epidemiology and surveillance of A. baumannii should go beyond the hospital settings and consider the environment in an explicit One Health approach

The population structure of Borrelia lusitaniae Is reflected by a population division of its Ixodes Vector

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Populations of vector-borne pathogens are shaped by the distribution and movement of vector and reservoir hosts. To study what impact host and vector association have on tick-borne pathogens, we investigated the population structure of Borrelia lusitaniae using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Novel sequences were acquired from questing ticks collected in multiple North African and European locations and were supplemented by publicly available sequences at the Borrelia Pubmlst database (accessed on 11 February 2020). Population structure of B. lusitaniae was inferred using clustering and network analyses. Maximum likelihood phylogenies for two molecular tick markers (the mitochondrial 16S rRNA locus and a nuclear locus, Tick-receptor of outer surface protein A, trospA) were used to confirm the morphological species identification of collected ticks. Our results confirmed that B. lusitaniae does indeed form two distinguishable populations: one containing mostly European samples and the other mostly Portuguese and North African samples. Of interest, Portuguese samples clustered largely based on being from north (European) or south (North African) of the river Targus. As two different Ixodes species (i.e., I. ricinus and I. inopinatus) may vector Borrelia in these regions, reference samples were included for I. inopinatus but did not form monophyletic clades in either tree, suggesting some misidentification. Even so, the trospA phylogeny showed a monophyletic clade containing tick samples from Northern Africa and Portugal south of the river Tagus suggesting a population division in Ixodes on this locus. The pattern mirrored the clustering of B. lusitaniae samples, suggesting a potential co-evolution between tick and Borrelia populations that deserve further investigation.This research was financially supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (grant number APVV-16-0463), by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia by the transitory norm contract DL57/2016/CP1370/CT89 to Ana Cláudia Norte and MARE (MARE-UID/MAR/04292/2020), and by the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal. The National Reference Center for Borrelia was supported by the Robert-Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Location of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway and polyphenol oxidase genes in a new interspecific anchored linkage map of eggplant

© Gramazio et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2014. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

A Very Early-Branching Staphylococcus aureus Lineage Lacking the Carotenoid Pigment Staphyloxanthin

Here we discuss the evolution of the northern Australian Staphylococcus aureus isolate MSHR1132 genome. MSHR1132 belongs to the divergent clonal complex 75 lineage. The average nucleotide divergence between orthologous genes in MSHR1132 and typical S. aureus is approximately sevenfold greater than the maximum divergence observed in this species to date. MSHR1132 has a small accessory genome, which includes the well-characterized genomic islands, νSAα and νSaβ, suggesting that these elements were acquired well before the expansion of the typical S. aureus population. Other mobile elements show mosaic structure (the prophage φSa3) or evidence of recent acquisition from a typical S. aureus lineage (SCCmec, ICE6013 and plasmid pMSHR1132). There are two differences in gene repertoire compared with typical S. aureus that may be significant clues as to the genetic basis underlying the successful emergence of S. aureus as a pathogen. First, MSHR1132 lacks the genes for production of staphyloxanthin, the carotenoid pigment that confers upon S. aureus its characteristic golden color and protects against oxidative stress. The lack of pigment was demonstrated in 126 of 126 CC75 isolates. Second, a mobile clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) element is inserted into orfX of MSHR1132. Although common in other staphylococcal species, these elements are very rare within S. aureus and may impact accessory genome acquisition. The CRISPR spacer sequences reveal a history of attempted invasion by known S. aureus mobile elements. There is a case for the creation of a new taxon to accommodate this and related isolates