Variations of the agroecological potential of Moringa oleifera Lam., in the presence of climate change scenarios in Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: This research aimed to identify the area variations with agroecological potential for Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivation (Moringa), derived from the effects of climate change at the near horizon of 2039 in the State of Veracruz, Mexico.Methodology: The current climatic agroecological potential layers for the state of Veracruz were used, and a general circulation model (MGC) HADGEM2-ES for the RCP8.5 scenario projected to the near future 2039, with five categories: Very High, High, Medium, Low and Very, Low potential.Results: An area with a Very High category of 1,057,415 hectares (ha) was identified, which, corresponds to an expansion of 4.9% with respect to the current size. determining that climate change favors the cultivation of Moringa in three sizes of the State. The most significant variation with an increase in the Very high category (115.58%) was identified in the south of the Veracruz state, followed by the central size (110.17%). The greatest decrease (-4.53%) occurred in the north of the entity.Limitations on study: Only the regions with Very High potential were identified without considering those with High, Medium, Low, and Very Low agroecological potential.Conclusions: The projections under climate change conditions to the horizon of 2039 highlight the expansion of regions with Very High potential in 19% of the Veracruz territory for the cultivation of the species.Objective: This research aimed to identify variations in areas with agroecological potential for Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringa) cultivation, derived from the effects of climate change to the near horizon of 2039 in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: The future scenario considered the current agroecological potential in the State and the general circulation model (GCM) HADGEM2-ES for the RCP8.5 scenario projected to the near future, 2039, with five categories: Very High, High, Medium, Low, and Very Low potential. Results: An area with a Very High category of 1,057,415 hectares (ha) was identified, which corresponds to an expansion of 4.9% with respect to the current size. It was determined that climate change favors the cultivation of Moringa in three areas of the state. The most significant variation with an increase in the Very High category (115.58%) was identified in southern Veracruz, followed by the central area (110.17%). The greatest decrease (-4.53%) occurred in the north of the state. Limitations on study/implications: Only the regions with Very High potential were identified, without considering those with High, Medium, Low, and Very Low agroecological potential. Findings/conclusions: The projections under climate change conditions to the horizon of 2039 highlight the expansion of regions with Very High potential for cultivating the species in 19% of the Veracruz territory

2D copper-imidazolate framework without thermal treatment as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries

To face unmet energy demands, the search for more stable, low-cost, and scalable electrocatalyst materials is imperative. Within this context, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have drawn considerable attention due to their maximum atom utilization. With this idea in mind, we have synthesized a new ultrathin and water-stable 2D Cu-based metal-organic framework (2DCIFs), which presents a notable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media without the need of calcination, which makes the difference when compared to most MOF-based electrocatalysts. The designed MOF-based SAC consists of single-atom sites (isolated and accessible Cu) coordinated to imidazole carboxylic ligands, giving rise to Cu-N4O actives sites confined into a 2D-nanostructured network. This unique structure, along with the ultrathin nature of nanosheets that favors mass transport and electrical conductivity, and the high chemical stability of these 2DCIFs are the key features of the excellent ORR performance, which occurs by a direct four-electron transfer pathway, an onset potential of 0.86 V vs RHE and a maximum current density of 6.4 mA·cm-2. These good catalytic properties of 2DCIFs have allowed their use as efficient air electrodes in alkaline flooded and all-solid-state Zn-air batteries. In the former case, 2DCIFsbased air electrodes presented a specific power density of 91.2 kW·cm-2·kg-1 and a specific capacity of 296.2 A·h·g-1, significantly exceeding the specific capacity values reported previously for other Cu-based catalysts. Besides, the specific capacity increased to 389.1 A·h·g-1 when 2DCIFs were tested in an all-solid-state Zn-air battery

Evaluación y monitoreo de peligros geológicos en el distrito de Maca (Caylloma, Arequipa)

El pueblo de Maca y alrededores durante los últimos años viene siendo afectado de manera recurrente por procesos de movimientos en masa y actividad sísmica. Estos fenómenos están afectando viviendas, áreas de cultivos (andenes), canales y reservorios, así como infraestructura vial vital para el desplazamiento de la población local y la actividad turística. El Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) y el Instituto de Investigación Para el Desarrollo de Francia (IRD), vienen realizando en Maca, estudios geológicos, geofísicos e hidrogeológicos, la evaluación y zonificación de los peligros geológicos y el monitoreo instrumental de estos fenómenos. Presentamos en este estudio el mapa geológico a nivel de detalle de Maca, el mapa geomorfológicos y de procesos activos, el mapa hidrogeológico, el mapa de susceptibilidad a movimientos en masa y un mapa con recomendaciones de propuestas de intervención. Los movimientos en masa que ocurren en Maca tienen lugar en depósitos de avalanchas de rocas volcánicas y depósitos lacustres (limoarcillitas y diatomitas). Todos estos depósitos son poco compactos o no consolidados y son un factor condicionante para los deslizamientos, asentamientos de terreno y agrietamientos. El monitoreo geodésico muestra que el sector occidental, donde se encuentran los deslizamientos activos, presenta desplazamientos importantes, de hasta 12.5 m en los últimos 12 años. En este mismo periodo, se ha identificado que los movimientos en los deslizamientos son mayores durante los años de mayor precipitación, como los registrados el 2001-2002 y 2011-2012. En los años de mayor deformación, se puede encontrar movimientos de la carretera de 5-6 m/año en la horizontal, mientras que en los años de poca deformación, los movimientos no alcanzan más de 0.1-0.2 cm/año. En función de las mediciones realizadas, se ha identificado que el detonante principal son las lluvias y en segundo término la actividad sísmica superficial de la región. El monitoreo geodésico muestra que la zona donde se encuentra el pueblo de Maca, no presenta desplazamientos importantes, que es una zona estable. Sin embargo los estudios geofísicos muestran que todo el pueblo se asienta sobre una capa superficial de depósitos lacustres, poco consolidados y saturados de agua, de aproximadamente 6-8 m de espesor. Esta estructura del sub-suelo genera efectos de sitio durante la ocurrencia de sismos, como ya ha sido comprobado en los sismos de 1991, 1992 y 2013, demostrando la gran vulnerabilidad de las viviendas frente a los sismos. En base a los resultados de los trabajos realizados, pensamos que la medida más efectiva para reducir el riesgo de desastre en Maca, es la implementación de la reubicación definitiva de dicha localidad. Para ello sugerimos que sean revisadas las acciones de reubicación parcial que fueron implementados en el pasado y que no fueron efectivas, debido a que parte de la población retornó a sus viviendas anteriores. Para evitar experiencias similares recomendamos que esta zona sea declarada como “Reserva Natural” y zona intangible, destinada a convertirse en un laboratorio natural para la investigación de los peligros geológicos. Finalmente, debido a que en la zona de Maca se tiene la carretera de acceso al valle del Colca, el canal de irrigación del proyecto Majes-Sihuas, así como los sistemas de andenes pre-hispánicos, que deben ser preservados, recomendamos propuestas de intervención para mitigar los efectos de los movimientos en masa. Las propuestas de intervención más resaltantes están orientadas a drenar el agua subterránea, impermeabilizar y realizar el mantenimiento periódico de la totalidad de canales de riego y reservorios de irrigación, refaccionar e impermeabilizar los sistemas de drenaje antiguos que poseen los sistemas de andenería, implementar eficientes sistemas de riego de las áreas de cultivo, preferentemente por goteo, reubicar el tramo de la carretera que pasa por Maca hacia el extremo sur del pueblo, y reforestar el cuerpo del deslizamiento y áreas adyacentes, con plantas nativas

Manual de simulación clínica en especialidades médicas

Manual sobre técnicas y modos de simulación clínica en diversas especialidades médicas.La enseñanza y formación en medicina necesita el uso de la simulación. Existen evidencias de su uso desde hace cientos de años, pero, en los últimos años se ha incrementado y diseminado. La simulación clínica está validada científicamente en múltiples contextos médicos y de otras áreas profesionales de la salud. Y es considerada de gran importancia como proceso de entrenamiento y de mejora de las competencias y adquisición de habilidades médicas en campos que incluye desde la historia clínica, comunicación con el paciente, exploración, diagnóstico terapéutica médica-farmacológica y quirúrgica y seguridad al tratar al paciente. Hoy en día, para muchas técnicas y situaciones clínicas es inaceptable llegar junto a los pacientes sin un dominio adquirido en simulación. La simulación puede ocurrir sin el uso de recursos adicionales, solo las personas, o utilizando pocos o muchos recursos de baja hasta alta tecnología y se puede adaptar a los recursos disponibles, abarcando todas las áreas de conocimiento, y dentro de ellas competencias técnicas o actitudes, solas o en conjunto. El uso racional y basado en evidencia de la simulación es de la mayor importancia por la necesidad de una mayor efectividad y eficiencia en la transformación de los profesionales de la salud para que puedan mejorar su capacidad de atender a los pacientes. La simulación es también una buena herramienta de evaluación de competencias y habilidades en Medicina y otras disciplinas de las Ciencias de la Salud Este manual incluye técnicas y modos de simulación clínica en diversas especialidades médicas, útiles, para quien busque un manual práctico y actualizado.Cátedra de Mecenazgo de la Universidad de Málaga. Cátedra de Terapias Avanzadas en Patología Cardiovascular Cátedra de Mecenazgo de la Universidad de Málaga. Cátedra de Investigación Biomédica Quirón Salu

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Sustainability of Four Agroecosystems in the State of Veracruz, Mexico

ABSTRACT Objective. Evaluate the sustainability of four agroecosystems in the state of Veracruz, sugarcane, grain corn, orange and moringa. Methodology. Semi-structured interviews were applied to 19 producers who provided information on the management of the crops and critical points affecting sustainability. The indicators were pondered using the Bottom up criteria and the PER model. Results. The crop with the highest sustainability was moringa, and the one with the least was corn. Conventional crops are characterized by being monocultures demanding large amounts of non-renewable external inputs that compromise their sustainability. The lack of technical training of the producers was identified as a critical point. Limitations. The results obtained are limited to the analysis of four production systems and their environmental, economic and social dimensions. Findings. Moringa is presented as an alternative crop with a low environmental impact that generates jobs and strengthens social capital. &nbsp;Objective: To evaluate the sustainability of four agroecosystems in the state ofVeracruz, Mexico: sugarcane, maize grain, orange and moringa.Design/Methodology/Approach: Producers that provided information about thecrops’ management were located. Semi-structured interviews were conducted toidentify critical points affecting sustainability, and the indicators were weighted usingthe bottom-up criterion and the PSR model.Results: The most sustainable crop was moringa, and the least sustainable wasmaize for grain. Conventional crops are characterized by being monocultureplantations and demanding large amounts of non-renewable external inputs thatundermine their sustainability. Lack of technical training for producers was identifiedas a critical point.Study Limitations/Implications: The results obtained are limited to the analysis offour production systems and their environmental, social and economic dimensions.Findings/Conclusions: Moringa is presented as an alternative crop with lowenvironmental impact that generates employment and strengthens social capital

Effect of Ornamental Plants, Seasonality, and Filter Media Material in Fill-and-Drain Constructed Wetlands Treating Rural Community Wastewater

The effects of Canna indica (P1), Pontederia sagittata (P2), and Spathiphyllum wallisii (P3) growing in different filter media materials (12 using porous river rock and 12 using tepezyl) on the seasonal removal of pollutants of wastewater using fill-and-drain constructed wetlands (FD-CWs) were investigated during 12 months. Three units of every media were planted with one plant of P1, P2, and P3, and three were kept unplanted. C. indica was the plant with higher growth than the other species, in both filter media. The species with more flower production were: C. indica &gt; P. sagittate &gt; S. wallisii. Reflecting similarly in the biomass of the plants, C. indica and P. sagittata showed more quantity of aerial and below ground biomass productivity than S. wallisii. With respect to the removal efficiency, both porous media were efficient in terms of pollutant removal performance (p &gt; 0.05). However, removal efficiency showed a dependence on ornamental plants. The higher removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrates (NO3&#8722;-N), ammonium (NH4+-N), and phosphates (PO4&#8722;3-P) oscillated between 81% to 83%, 80% to 84%, 61% to 69%, 61% to 68%, 65% to 71%, 62% to 68%, and 66% to 69%, respectively, in P1 and P2, removals 15% to 30% higher than P3. The removal in planted microcosms was significantly higher than the unplanted control units (p = 0.023). Nitrogen and phosphorous compounds were highly removed (60%&#8211;80%) because in typical CWs, such pollutant removals are usually smaller, indicating the importance of FD-CWs on wastewater treatments using porous river rock and tepezyl as porous filter media. (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), (NO3&#8722;-N), (NH4+-N), (TKN), and (PO4&#8722;3-P)