Ñan Pesqjo. Corredor turístico para la observación de aves en la comunidad circunlacustre de Yanico

El Lago Titicaca, el lago navegable más alto del mundo. Alberga en sus orillas a la comunidad de Yanico, la cual forma parte de la ruta sur de observación de aves ya que es hábitat de 135 especies entre migratorias y residentes. A pesar de no estar consolidada como circuito turístico, la afluencia de turistas en Yanico incentivó a que Sabino Coila y un grupo de 7 familias postularan y ganaran un fondo del Ministerio de Turismo para promover la observación de aves. Sumado a esto, en el lugar existen otras organizaciones y proyectos dispersos que convierten a Yanico en una comunidad con potencial de desarrollo. Mi proyecto agrupa y consolida estas iniciativas mediante una propuesta integral que beneficia a los habitantes y complementa las actividades actuales con un programa enfocado en las necesidades de la comunidad y en el turismo. Se toma como partida el paisaje particular de la zona lacustre, más específicamente el recorrido del río huile al interior del lago Titicaca. A lo largo de este río se escogen 3 moccos (elevaciones de tierra no inundables) para la intervención arquitectónica, estos son particulares cada uno en cuanto al hábitat que los rodea permitiendo observar diferentes especies de aves en cada punto. El centro de interpretación y refugios se emplazan en el primer mocco, ya que es de fácil acceso desde la zona no inundable, los volúmenes tienen un programa permanente dedicado a la comunidad y la reserva, y un programa de uso transitorio para los turistas que se conectan mediante la plaza hacia la que se expande programa de ambos volúmenes. En los 2 miradores se interviene dependiendo el ecosistema que los rodea siendo uno elevado y uno semienterrado. La intervención en conjunto está diseñada para protegerse del clima utilizando materiales locales mientras aprovecha y dirige las vistas hacia las aves. El proyecto beneficia a todos los miembros de la comunidad de Yanico, generando nuevos espacios con los que no contaban(para reuniones capacitaciones y venta), a los turistas, capacitadores e investigadores de la Reserva equilibrando las necesidades de los actores y los ecosistemas, fomentando relaciones armoniosas entre turista, habitante y proyecto, generando un ecoturismo responsable

Gut microbiota, behavior, and nutrition after type 1 diabetes diagnosis: A longitudinal study for supporting data in the metabolic control

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk involves genetic susceptibility but also epigenetics, environment, and behaviors. Appropriate metabolic control, especially quickly after the diagnosis, is crucial for the patient quality of life. Methods: This study aimed to produce a quantitative comparison of the behavior, nutrition habits, and gut microbiota composition between the onset and the 1-year follow-up in 35 children with T1D. Results and discussion: At follow-up, with the metabolic control, many parameters improved significantly, with respect to the onset, such as glycated hemoglobin (-19%), body mass index (BMI), and also nutritional behaviors, such as normal calorie intake (+6%), carbohydrate intake (-12%), extra portion request (-4%), and meals distribution during the day. Moreover, glycated hemoglobin decrement correlated with both total and rapid absorption carbohydrate intake (Spearman's rho = 0.288, 95% CI 0.066-0.510, p = 0.013), showing as the nutritional behavior supported the insulin therapy efficiency. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of microbiota revealed abundance differences for Ruminococcus bromii and Prevotella copri (higher at onset, p < 0.001) and the genera Succinivibrio and Faecalibacterium (lower at onset, p < 0.001), as a consequence of nutritional behavior, but it was not the only changing driver. The qRT-PCR analysis showed significant variations, in particular for Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium spp. (+1.56 log gene copies/g stool at follow-up, p < 0.001). During the year, in 11% of the patients, severe clinical episodes occurred (hypoglycemic or ketoacidosis). The likelihood of a severe hypoglycemic episode was modulated when the Methanobrevibacter smithii amount increased (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.2-11.4, p = 0.026). Integrated evaluation, including nutritional behavior and microbiota composition, could be considered predictive of the metabolic control management for children cohort with a recent diagnosis of T1D

Soybean pod and grain isoflavones accumulation during the filling period in field conditions

The objective of this work was to determine the isoflavones accumulation in soybean pods and grains during the filling period in field conditions. Pods of the same phenological stage (marked in R5, i.e. beginning of grain filling period) were collected at R5, R6 (full grain), and R7 (beginning of physiological maturity) stages. At each analyzed stage, grains always exceed pods isoflavone concentrations. A decreasing tendency of isoflavone concentration was observed in pods towards the late grain filling. In this maternal tissue, no acetyl glucosides at any stage or aglycones at physiological maturity were detected. In grains, glucosides, malonyl glucosides, and total isoflavones increased and acetyl glucosides decreased from R5 to R7, whereas aglycones increased to R6, but then decreased. It is concluded that grains are the main accumulation tissue of these bioactive compounds, whereas pods seem to contribute to their accumulation in advanced stages of grain development.El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la acumulación de isoflavonoides en vainas y granos de soja durante el período de llenado en condiciones de campo. Vainas de la misma fenología (marcadas en R5, es decir, inicio del llenado de granos) fueron colectadas en los estadíos R5, R6 (máximo tamaño de grano) y R7 (inicio de madurez fisiológica). En cada estadio analizado, los granos siempre superaron la concentración de isoflavonoides de las vainas. Se observó una tendencia decreciente de la concentración de isoflavonoides en las vainas hacia el llenado tardío de granos. En este tejido materno no se detectaron acetil glucósidos en ningún estadio ni agliconas a madurez fisiológica. En los granos los glucósidos, los malonil glucósidos y los isoflavonoides totales aumentaron y los acetil glucósidos disminuyeron de R5 a R7, mientras que las agliconas aumentaron a R6, pero luego disminuyeron. Se concluyó que los granos son el principal tejido de acumulación de estos compuestos bioactivos, mientras que las vainas parecen contribuir a su síntesis más tarde en el desarrollo de los granos.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Urretabizkaya, Nestor. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud, (IIPAAS-CIC); ArgentinaFil: Gontijo Mandarino, José Marcos. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Soja; BrasilFil: Leite, Rodrigo Santos. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Soja; BrasilFil: Szemruch, C.L. Universidad de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, D.P. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, D.P. Universidad de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud; Argentin

Probiotics-addicted low-protein diet for microbiota modulation in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ProLowCKD): A protocol of placebo-controlled randomized trial

Abstract Microbiota is a term coined to describe the population of bacteria, viruses and fungi that inhabit in symbiosis within a living host. A connection between unbalanced microbiota and chronic kidney disease has been established. In these patients, high levels of urea reach the intestine promoting the overgrowth of bacterial species that are prone to generate uremic toxins. Due to the high morbidity and mortality of this condition, a large number of therapeutic approaches to reduce inflammation and microbial uremic toxins have been proposed, with controversial results. A low protein diet, with a protein intake of 0.6–0.8 g/kg of body weight, is a useful and historically pursued option with this regard. The aim of our study is to evaluate, among patients with advanced renal failure not on dialysis, the synergic beneficial effects of this diet and the selected probiotics Bifidobacterium longum (mix DLBL) and Lactobacillus reuteri LRE02 (DSM 23878)

Risk factors for type 1 diabetes, including environmental, behavioural and gut microbial factors: a case&#8211;control study

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease that is characterized by insufficient insulin production. The onset of T1D is the result of gene-environment interactions. Sociodemographic and behavioural factors may contribute to T1D, and the gut microbiota is proposed to be a driving factor of T1D. An integrated preventive strategy for T1D is not available at present. This case-control study attempted to estimate the exposure linked to T1D to identify significant risk factors for healthy children. Forty children with T1D and 56 healthy controls were included in this study. Anthropometric, socio-economic, nutritional, behavioural, and clinical data were collected. Faecal bacteria were investigated by molecular methods. The findings showed, in multivariable model, that the risk factors for T1D include higher Firmicutes levels (OR 7.30; IC 2.26-23.54) and higher carbohydrate intake (OR 1.03; IC 1.01-1.05), whereas having a greater amount of Bifidobacterium in the gut (OR 0.13; IC 0.05 - 0.34) was a protective factor for T1D. These findings may facilitate the development of preventive strategies for T1D, such as performing genetic screening, characterizing the gut microbiota, and managing nutritional and social factors

Tocopherols composition on soybean under heat and water stress during grain filling : variation according to canopy position

La soja Glycine max (L.) Merr. representa aproximadamente 34% de la producción total de granos y 46% de la superficie agrícola sembrada en Argentina, convirtiéndose en el principal cultivo a nivel nacional (SIIA, 2018). Argentina es el tercer exportador mundial de granos y el principal de productos derivados como harina y aceite (Ac) (USDA, 2018), resaltando la importancia de la calidad de dicho grano para el país. El Ac de soja posee componentes con fuerte actividad antioxidante, como los tocoferoles, que inhiben la oxidación de lípidos removiendo los radicales libres en granos (Carrera et al., 2014) y contribuyen al valor nutracéutico del grano porque pueden mejorar la funcionalidad del sistema inmunológico (Shintani et al., 1998). Las cuatro isoformas de tocoferoles presentes en el grano son: alfa, beta, gama, y delta tocoferol (α-, β-, γ-, y δ-toc, respectivamente), de los cuales α-toc es considerado la forma más importante de vitamina E para la salud humana ya que su actividad antioxidante es 10 veces mayor respecto al resto de tocoferoles (DellaPenna, 2005). Sin embargo, la proporción de α-toc en granos de soja varía entre 4 y 10% del total de tocoferoles (T-toc), correspondiéndole la mayor proporción de T-toc a γ-toc (60-66%), seguido de δ-toc (24-29%) y β-toc (1-3%) (Dwiyanti et al., 2011). Se ha documentado variación genotípica, variación ambiental e interacción genotipo por ambiente en contenido y composición de tocoferoles (Whent et al., 2009; Carrera et al., 2014). La acumulación de estos antioxidantes ocurre paralelamente con el Ac durante el llenado de grano (LLG) (Almonor et al., 1998); por ello, los factores de estrés ambiental durante este período podrían afectar tanto el contenido como la composición final de tocoferoles presentes en el grano. Dentro del contexto del cambio climático mundial, en Argentina se espera un aumento de la frecuencia y severidad de olas de calor (Rusticucci et al., 2016) y se ha proyectado mayor variación en las precipitaciones interanuales acompañada de eventos de sequía en distintas regiones del país (Penalba et al., 2016). Estos factores de estrés abiótico afectan no solo el rendimiento de los cultivos sino también pueden modificar la calidad del grano. Además, algunos trabajos han evidenciado que la calidad del grano puede variar en función de la posición de la vaina dentro del canopeo (Bellaloui y Gillen 2010). Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: i) determinar el impacto del estrés térmico (ET), estrés hídrico (EH) y su interacción (ET×EH) en contenido y composición final de tocoferoles del grano de soja y analizar si existe variabilidad posicional dentro del canopeo; ii) establecer relaciones entre tocoferoles, Ac, peso de grano (PG) y variables ecofisiológicas en genotipos (G) de soja. Tocopherols in soybean oil are antioxidant compounds and contribute to the nutraceutical value of the grain because they can improve the functionality of the immune system1. The accumulation of these antioxidants occurs in parallel with the oil during grain filling2. Therefore, environmental stresses during this period could affect both the content and the final composition of tocopherols present in the grain.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Veas, Rodolfo Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales. ArgentinaFil: Ergo, Verónica Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA). ArgentinaFil: Ergo, Verónica Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Asís, R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Asís, R. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lascano, Hernán Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lascano, Hernán Ramiro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA). ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, D.P. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, D.P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); Argentin

Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (OR=1.11, P=5.7×10−15), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR=1.07, P=1.7 ×10−6). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 ×10−11) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P= 7.3 ×10−5). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination

No Reliable Association between Runs of Homozygosity and Schizophrenia in a Well-Powered Replication Study

It is well known that inbreeding increases the risk of recessive monogenic diseases, but it is less certain whether it contributes to the etiology of complex diseases such as schizophrenia. One way to estimate the effects of inbreeding is to examine the association between disease diagnosis and genome-wide autozygosity estimated using runs of homozygosity (ROH) in genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Using data for schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (n = 21,868), Keller et al. (2012) estimated that the odds of developing schizophrenia increased by approximately 17% for every additional percent of the genome that is autozygous (β = 16.1, CI(β) = [6.93, 25.7], Z = 3.44, p = 0.0006). Here we describe replication results from 22 independent schizophrenia case-control datasets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (n = 39,830). Using the same ROH calling thresholds and procedures as Keller et al. (2012), we were unable to replicate the significant association between ROH burden and schizophrenia in the independent PGC phase II data, although the effect was in the predicted direction, and the combined (original + replication) dataset yielded an attenuated but significant relationship between Froh and schizophrenia (β = 4.86,CI(β) = [0.90,8.83],Z = 2.40,p = 0.02). Since Keller et al. (2012), several studies reported inconsistent association of ROH burden with complex traits, particularly in case-control data. These conflicting results might suggest that the effects of autozygosity are confounded by various factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, urbanicity, and religiosity, which may be associated with both real inbreeding and the outcome measures of interest

Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk

Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression

Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia

Prof. Paunio on PGC:n jäsenPrevious studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups. We find evidence for an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women (P-value = 1.12E-05), and we show genetic heterogeneity between younger and older AFB groups (P-value = 3.45E-03). The genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in the younger AFB group is -0.16 (SE = 0.04) while that between schizophrenia and AFB in the older AFB group is 0.14 (SE = 0.08). Our results suggest that early, and perhaps also late, age at first birth in women is associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia in the UK Biobank sample. These findings contribute new insights into factors contributing to the complex bio-social risk architecture underpinning the association between parental age and offspring mental health.Peer reviewe