HH 223: a parsec-scale H2 outflow in the star-forming region L723

The dark cloud Lynds 723 (L723) is a low-mass star-forming region where one of the few known cases of a quadrupolar CO outflow has been reported. Two recent works have found that the radio continuum source VLA 2, towards the centre of the CO outflow, is actually a multiple system of young stellar objects (YSOs). Several line-emission nebulae that lie projected on the east-west CO outflow were detected in narrow-band Halpha and [SII] images. The spectra of the knots are characteristic of shock-excited gas (Herbig-Haro spectra), with supersonic blueshifted velocities, which suggests an optical outflow also powered by the VLA 2 YSO system of L723. We imaged a field of ~5' X 5' centred on HH 223, which includes the whole region of the quadrupolar CO outflow with nir narrow-band filters . The H2 line-emission structures appear distributed over a region of 5.5' (0.5 pc for a distance of 300 pc) at both sides of the VLA 2 YSO system, with an S-shape morphology, and are projected onto the east-west CO outflow. Most of them were resolved in smaller knotty substructures. The [FeII] emission only appears associated with HH 223. An additional nebular emission from the continuum in Hc and Kc appears associated with HH 223-K1, the structure closest to the VLA 2 YSO system, and could be tracing the cavity walls. We propose that the H2 structures form part of a large-scale near-infrared outflow, which is also associated with the VLA 2 YSO system. The current data do not allow us to discern which of the YSOs of VLA 2 is powering this large scale optical/near-infrared outflow.Comment: Accepted for A&A http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201015125 12 pages, 9 figure

Paleo and historical seismicity in Mallorca (Baleares, Spain): a preliminary approach

The island of Mallorca is subject to low seismic activity. The instrumental record shows that current seismicity is surficial (La isla de Mallorca presenta una actividad sísmica baja. El registro instrumental muestra que la sismicidad actual es superficial

On the monitoring of surface displacement in connection with volcano reactivation in Tenerife, Canary Islands, using space techniques

Geodetic volcano monitoring in Tenerife has mainly focused on the Las Cañadas Caldera, where a geodetic micronetwork and a levelling profile are located. A sensitivity test of this geodetic network showed that it should be extended to cover the whole island for volcano monitoring purposes. Furthermore, InSAR allowed detecting two unexpected movements that were beyond the scope of the traditional geodetic network. These two facts prompted us to design and observe a GPS network covering the whole of Tenerife that was monitored in August 2000. The results obtained were accurate to one centimetre, and confirm one of the deformations, although they were not definitive enough to confirm the second one. Furthermore, new cases of possible subsidence have been detected in areas where InSAR could not be used to measure deformation due to low coherence. A first modelling attempt has been made using a very simple model and its results seem to indicate that the deformation observed and the groundwater level variation in the island may be related. Future observations will be necessary for further validation and to study the time evolution of the displacements, carry out interpretation work using different types of data (gravity, gases, etc) and develop models that represent the island more closely. The results obtained are important because they might affect the geodetic volcano monitoring on the island, which will only be really useful if it is capable of distinguishing between displacements that might be linked to volcanic activity and those produced by other causes. One important result in this work is that a new geodetic monitoring system based on two complementary techniques, InSAR and GPS, has been set up on Tenerife island. This the first time that the whole surface of any of the volcanic Canary Islands has been covered with a single network for this purpose. This research has displayed the need for further similar studies in the Canary Islands, at least on the islands which pose a greater risk of volcanic reactivation, such as Lanzarote and La Palma, where InSAR techniques have been used already

The nature of HH 223 from long-slit spectroscopy

HH 223 is a knotty, wiggling nebular emission of ~30" length found in the L723 star-forming region. It lies projected onto the largest blueshifted lobe of the cuadrupolar CO outflow powered by a low-mass YSO system embedded in the core of L723. We analysed the physical conditions and kinematics along HH 223 with the aim of disentangling whether the emission arises from shock-excited, supersonic gas characteristic of a stellar jet, or is only tracing the wall cavity excavated by the CO outflow. We performed long-slit optical spectroscopy along HH 223, crossing all the bright knots (A to E) and part of the low-brightness emission nebula (F filament). One spectrum of each knot, suitable to characterize the nature of its emission, was obtained. The physical conditions and the radial velocity of the HH 223 emission along the slits were also sampled at smaller scale (0.6") than the knot sizes. {The spectra of all the HH 223 knots appear as those of the intermediate/high excitation Herbig-Haro objects. The emission is supersonic, with blueshifted peak velocities ranging from -60 to -130 km/s. Reliable variations in the kinematics and physical conditions at smaller scale that the knot sizes are also found. The properties of the HH 223 emission derived from the spectroscopy confirm the HH nature of the object, the supersonic optical outflow most probably also being powered by the YSOs embedded in the L723 core.Comment: A&A accepte

Observing the onset of outflow collimation in a massive protostar

The current paradigm of star formation through accretion disks, and magnetohydrodynamically driven gas ejections, predicts the development of collimated outflows, rather than expansion without any preferential direction. We present radio continuum observations of the massive protostar W75N(B)-VLA 2, showing that it is a thermal, collimated ionized wind and that it has evolved in 18 years from a compact source into an elongated one. This is consistent with the evolution of the associated expanding water-vapor maser shell, which changed from a nearly circular morphology, tracing an almost isotropic outflow, to an elliptical one outlining collimated motions. We model this behavior in terms of an episodic, short-lived, originally isotropic, ionized wind whose morphology evolves as it moves within a toroidal density stratification.Comment: See also Supplementary Materials (SupMat_carrasco-gonzalez_etal_astroph.pdf) within the source file

Ecological and physiological variance in T-cell mediated immune response in Cory's shearwaters

T-cell mediated immune response (CMI) hasbeen widely studied in relation to individual andfitness components in birds. However, few studieshave simultaneously examined individual and socialfactors and habitat-mediated variance in theimmunity of chicks and adults from the samepopulation and in the same breeding season. Weinvestigated ecological and physiological variancein CMI of male and female nestlings and adults in abreeding population of Cory's Shearwaters(Calonectrisdiomedea) in theMediterranean Sea. Explanatory variables includedindividual traits (body condition, carbon andnitrogen stable isotope ratios, plasma totalproteins, triglycerides, uric acid, osmolarity,β-hydroxy-butyrate, erythrocyte meancorpuscular diameter, hematocrit, andhemoglobin) and burrow traits(temperature, isolation, and physicalstructure). During incubation, immune responseof adult males was significantly greater than thatof females. Nestlings exhibited a lower immuneresponse than adults. Ecological and physiologicalfactors affecting immune response differed betweenadults and nestlings. General linear models showedthat immune response in adult males was positivelyassociated with burrow isolation, suggesting thatmales breeding at higher densities suffer immunesystem suppression. In contrast, immune response inchicks was positively associated with bodycondition and plasma triglyceride levels.Therefore, adult immune response appears to beassociated with social stress, whereas a trade-offbetween immune function and fasting capability mayexist for nestlings. Our results, and those fromprevious studies, provide support for anasymmetrical influence of ecological andphysiological factors on the health of differentage and sex groups within a population, and for theimportance of simultaneously considering individualand population characteristics in intraspecificstudies of immune response

Estudio epidemiológico y factores pronóstico de la infección en artroplastias, durante un periodo de 6 años.

Mediante un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de infecciones se estudia la incidencia de infec - ción en prótesis de rodilla y cadera entre los años 2007 y 2012 en nuestro hospital. Los resultados se comparan con otros sistemas de vigilancia en España y Europa (Programa Inclimecc ® , Helics ® y según el Center for Disea - ses Control ). En nuestro hospital se han colocado un total de 3155 prótesis de cadera y rodilla (prótesis de cadera y rodilla por artrosis y prótesis cadera por fractura subcapital) con un total de infecciones registradas de 66 y una tasa media de infección de 2.09. Los factores predisponentes estudiados han sido: diabetes mellitus, obesidad, neoplasia, insuficiencia renal, artritis reumatoide y toma de corticoides, siendo los dos primeros los factores más presentes en los casos de infección (32% y 26 % respectivamente). También se ha visto que las cirugías más lar - gas (más de 110 minutos) presentan más incidencia de infección. En cuanto a la microbiología, Staph. coagulasa negativos, Acinetobacter baumanii , Staph. epidermidis , Enteroc. faecalis , Eschericlia coli, Pseudomona aerugi - nosa han sido los microorganismos predominantes. Las tasas de infección de nuestro hospital se encuentran por debajo de los niveles recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y también son inferiores al estándar del programa HELICS ® en España.Through a system of epidemiological surveillance of infections is studied in our hospital the in - fection incidence in hip and knee replacement between 2007 and 2012. The results are compared with other Spanish and European surveillance systems (HELICS ® and Inclimecc ® Program). In our hospital have taken place a total of 3155 hip and knee replacements (hip and knee replacements because of osteoarthritis and, in case of hip replacements, also for subcapital fractures) reporting a total of 66 infections, with infection rate of 2.09. The predisposing factors studied were: diabetes mellitus, obesity, neoplasia, renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis and taking steroids, so the first two factors were present in most cases of infection (32 % and 26 % respectively). It has also been seen that longer surgeries (over 110 minutes) show a higher incidence of infection. In terms of microbiology, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus , Acinetobacter baumannii and Staph. Epidermidis were the most common until 2009 (4/36 CNS, 4/36 Ac. Baumanii, 3/36 Staph.Epidermidis) and in 2010 had more presence Enteroc. Faecalis (3/12) and Eschericlia coli (3/12), although Acinet. Baumanii (4/12) was still the most common. In 2012 should also be pointed Pseudomonas aeuginosa (2/8) . Infection rates in our hospital are below levels recommended by the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine and Public Health levels and also lower than the standard infection rate of HELICS ® program in Spain

3-D modelling of a fossil tufa outcrop. The example of La Peña del Manto (Soria, Spain)

[EN]Classical studies of tufas lack quantitative outcrop descriptions and facies models, and normally do not integrate data from subsurface in the stratigraphic and evolutive analysis. This paper describes themethodology followed to construct one of the first digital outcrop models of fossil tufas. This model incorporates 3-D lines and surfaces obtained from a terrestrial laser scanner, electric resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, and stratigraphic and sedimentologic data from 18 measured sections. This study has identified seven sedimentary units (from SU-1 to SU-7) which are composed of tufa carbonates (SU-1; 3; 5; 6) and clastics (SU-2; 4; 7). Facies identified occur in different proportions: phytoherm limestones of bryophytes represent 43% of tufa volume, bioclastic limestones 20%, phytoherm limestones of stems 12%, oncolitic limestones 8%, and clastics 15%. Three main architectural elements have been identified: 1) Steeply dipping strata dominated by phytoherm limestones of bryophytes; 2) gently dipping strata dominated by phytoherm limestones of stems; and 3) horizontal strata dominated by bioclastic and oncoid limestones. The alternation of tufa growth and clastic input stages is interpreted as the result of climatic changes during Mid–Late Pleistocene.18.KA4A-463 A.C.01, Universidad de Salamanca CGL2014-54818-P of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)