La Labor de los Peritos Agrícolas del Estado

Peer Reviewe

2D pn junctions driven out-of-equilibrium

The pn junction is a fundamental electrical component in modern electronics and optoelectronics. Currently, there is a great deal of interest in the two-dimensional (2D) pn junction. Although many experiments have demonstrated the working principle, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of its basic properties and expected performances, in particular when the device is driven out-of-equilibrium. To fill the current gap in understanding, we investigate the electrostatics and electronic transport of 2D lateral pn junctions. To do so we implement a physics-based simulator that self-consistently solves the 2D Poisson's equation coupled to the drift-diffusion and continuity equations. Notably, the simulator takes into account the strong influence of the out-of-plane electric field through the surrounding dielectric, capturing the weak screening of charge carriers. Supported by simulations, we propose a Shockley-like equation for the ideal current-voltage (J-V) characteristics, in full analogy to the bulk junction after defining an effective depletion layer (EDL). We also discuss the impact of recombination-generation processes inside the EDL, which actually produce a significant deviation with respect to the ideal behavior, consistently with experimental data. Moreover, we analyze the capacitances and conductance of the 2D lateral pn junction. Based on its equivalent circuit we investigate its cut-off frequency targeting RF applications. To gain deeper insight into the role played by material dimensionality, we benchmark the performances of single-layer MoS2 (2D) lateral pn junctions against those of the Si (3D) junction. Finally, a practical discussion on the short length 2D junction case together with the expected impact of interface states has been provided. Given the available list of 2D materials, this work opens the door to a wider exploration of material-dependent performances

Raíces y componentes esenciales del análisis pragmalingüístico de la Escritura

This descriptive review article addresses the theoretical bases of the pragmalinguistic method as applicable to the exegesis of biblical texts. At first it explains its roots and theoretical frameworks, presenting its foundation from thinkers and scholars of linguistics and the philosophy of language, and then concentrates attention on its tasks or basic competences: the influence of the context on the text and this on the context. It constitutes a fairly consistent synthesis when it comes to substantiating exegetical research proposals that are carried out in this interpretive spectrum.Este artículo de revisión descriptiva aborda las bases teóricas del método pragmalingüístico en cuanto aplicable a la exégesis de los textos bíblicos. En un primer momento explica sus raíces y marcos teóricos, presentando su fundamento desde pensadores y estudiosos de la lingüística y la filosofía del lenguaje, para luego concentrar la atención en sus tareas o competencias básicas: la influencia del contexto sobre el texto y de este sobre el contexto. Se constituye en una síntesis bastante consistente a la hora de fundamentar propuestas de investigación exegética que se realicen en este espectro interpretativo

Biogeochemical patterns in the Atlantic Inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar

The effects of tidal forcing on the biogeochemical patterns of surface water masses flowing through the Strait of Gibraltar are studied by monitoring the Atlantic Inflow (AI) during both spring and neap tides. Three main phenomena are defined depending on the strength of the outflowing phase predicted over the Camarinal Sill: non-wave events (a very frequent phenomenon during the whole year); type I Internal wave events (a very energetic event, occurring during spring tides); and type II Internal wave events (less intense, occurring during neap tides). During neap tides, a non-wave event comprising oligotrophic open-ocean water from the Gulf of Cádiz is the most frequent and clearly dominant flow through the Strait. In this tidal condition, the inflow of North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) provides the main nutrient input to the surface layer of the Alboran Sea, supplying almost 70% of total annual nitrate transport to the Mediterranean basin. A low percentage of active and large phytoplankton cells and low average concentrations of chlorophyll (0.3–0.4 mg m−3) are found in this tidal phase. Around 50% of total annual phytoplankton biomass transport into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait presents these oligotrophic characteristics. In contrast, during spring tides, patches of water with high chlorophyll levels (0.7–1 mg m−3) arrive intermittently, and these are recorded concurrently with the passage of internal waves coming from the Camarinal Sill (type I internal wave events). When large internal waves are arrested over the Camarinal Sill this implies strong interfacial mixing and the probable concurrent injection of coastal waters into the main channel of the Strait. These processes result in a mixed water column in the AI and can account for around 30% of total annual nitrate transport into the Mediterranean basin. Associated with type I internal wave events there is a regular inflow of large and active phytoplankton cells, transported in waters with relatively high nutrient concentrations, which constitutes a significant supply of planktonic resources to the pelagic ecosystem of the Alboran Sea (almost 30% of total annual phytoplankton biomass transport)

The use of forest resources in central Iberia during the Late Iron Age. Insights from the wood charcoal analysis of Pintia, a Vaccaean oppidum

Producción CientíficaEstudios antracológicos realizados a partir de los hallazgos carbonizados de la ciudad de Las Quintanas de Pintia, permiten perfilar los usos del bosque practicados por los vacceos

Cerámicas prerromanas del castillo de Aroche (Huelva)

Se estudia en este trabajo un conjunto cerámico de época prerromana registrado en las excavaciones del castillo medieval de Aroche (Huelva)._________________________In this work are presented the preroman pottery registered in the archaeological excavation made in the medieval castle of Aroche (Huelva, SW Spain), near to Reina's Gate

The Impact of Enforcement Capabilities on the Effectiveness of Public Assessment on Occupational Safety

número del art. 6426(1) Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enforcement capabilities on the efficacy of two public interventions to improve occupational safety in olive mills. (2) Method: The difference in efficacy was evaluated by comparing the risks detected in two groups in an initial assessment (with visits in the 2006–2008 period) to the risks detected in a later assessment, either after an intervention by Authorized Technicians with enforcement capabilities or after an intervention by Technical Advisors without enforcement capabilities (2011–2013). The assessments identified risks in the companies, according to a specific risk map for olive oil mill enterprises. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the comparison of the risk reductions of the two groups, with regard to the initial assessment. The greatest reductions in risk were found in the companies that received interventions by Authorized Technicians with enforcement capabilities, in the sections of individual protection equipment and the storage of dangerous products. (4) Conclusion: Interventions by Authorized Technicians with enforcement capabilities are more effective than interventions by Technical Advisors without enforcement capabilities

Caring behaviours demonstrated to nursing students in the interpersonal relation with the faculty: A cross sectional study

Background: Nursing students need to experience caring in their educational environment in order to learn how to care for the patients. Objective: The present study describes the caring model demonstrated by the faculty to the nursing students through their behaviours, from the perspective of both students and faculty members. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was conducted. Participants: The sample included 286 students and faculty members. Methods: The Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Instructor Caring assessing tool was used to gather the data. Results: After analysing 676 questionnaires, it was revealed a moderately high level of caring perceived by the students. The most appreciated dimension was control versus flexibility, reporting a mean value of 82.29 and a confidence interval from 81.14 to 83.44, and the least valued was appreciation of life’s meanings, reporting a mean value of 63.90 and a confidence interval from 62.20 to 65.60. The students’ perception of the care demonstrated by the faculty was significantly lower than the care that the latter believed to transmit in all dimensions (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The caring perceived by the student was expressed through behaviours that inspired confidence in them, promoted a climate of learning and support, helped them to recognise the meaning of life, showed them flexibility and fostered their professional autonomy. The findings of this study can help to improve nursing education by providing a view of the interpersonal relations that the students established during their training with the faculty.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

El Complexo Arqueológico dos Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal). Prospecciones Geofísicas - Campañas 2008-09

In 1997, under the coordination of Era-Arqueología, aerial photographs, surface prospections and archaeological excavations were carried out at the Neolithic-Calcolithic site at Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal). As a result, a quite accurate idea of the general layout of the site was achieved, allowing archaeologists to continue working there for more than ten years. In 2006, a new collaboration project was started to boost research at Perdigões, with the participation of several international public and private institutions, amongst which is the University of Málaga. The earliest contribution of the Spanish-Portuguese cooperation is the geophysical prospections performed in 2008 and 2009, which show Perdigões as a juxtaposition of several subcircular ditched enclosures, articulated with a funerary area and a cromlec

Las agrociencias, una escuela de pensamiento para la nueva ruralidad

La participación de la agricultura tropical en la economía constituye un foco de atención para la investigación y la formulación de políticas para el sector rural. De dicho sector se esperan las respuestas para la lucha contra el hambre, la pobreza y la búsqueda de la transformación social y productiva del país. La agricultura colombiana requiere innovaciones para los modelos económicos y productivos en los valores, las culturas y los modos de vida rural. Ciencia, tecnología e innovación que contribuyan al desarrollo humano sustentable, la apropiación de valor en las comunidades rurales y la generación de espacios para el bienestar de las generaciones futuras en el contexto de la nueva ruralidad constituyen el reto para las instituciones que se ocupan de la educación superior y la investigación. En el presente escrito, se señalan argumentos, cifras y hechos que justifican una nueva mirada a lo rural desde la generación de conocimiento, a lo tropical desde las bioeconomías y la nueva ruralidad, haciendo énfasis en las agrociencias como escuela de pensamiento y apuesta para el desarrollo científico y tecnológico para los países tropicales