Prevalência de Gravidez na Adolescência no Estado de Goiás / Prevalence of Pregnancy in Adolescence in the State of Goiás

A Organização Mundial da Saúde define a adolescência como sendo o período que vai dos 10 anos aos 19 anos completos. É nesta fase que o indivíduo passa por diversas mudanças e descobertas, sendo elas psíquicas, físicas e sexuais. A sexualidade entre este grupo é vivido de maneira intensa e imperativa, o que tende a gerar descuidos e propicia a gravidez nesta fase. Desse modo, esse trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a prevalência da gravidez na adolescência no estado de Goiás. O resumo trata-se de um estudo ecológico retrospectivo de levantamento de dados obtidos via sistema de informação de saúde DataSUS, no qual foram consultados o número de gestações no estado de Goiás, na faixa etária de até 20 anos. Foi possível identificar que os dados mais atualizados disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde referem-se ao ano de 2015. A partir da análise realizada, obteve-se que o estado de Goiás contou com 30.070 casos de gestantes menores que 20 anos. Ademais, em relação a outros estados, excluindo o Distrito Federal, está na 16º colocação em números de gestantes menores que 20 anos/gestantes totais, perfazendo 20%, enquanto o 1º colocado possui 30% e o último 14%. De acordo com as macrorregiões, o Centro-Oeste possui os maiores números, com 8180 gestantes até 20 anos, seguido do Centro-Sudeste com 7117, Centro Norte com 6403, Nordeste com 5558, e Sudoeste com 2812. Ademais, é relevante salientar que existem fatores que acarretam ainda mais para a prevalência desta gravidez como a dificuldade de acesso aos métodos contraceptivos, informação tardia, insegurança e ausência da família de propiciar educação sexual e um fator extremamente relevante é que seria a mulher a única e responsável por evitar a gravidez. Do mesmo modo, é fundamental pontuar que há uma enorme influência do nível de escolaridade com a elevação dos casos de gravidez na fase da adolescência, sendo visto esse aumento em indivíduos de menor escolaridade. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que o estado de Goiás apresenta uma baixa prevalência de gestações na adolescência, que pode ser justificada por diversos fatores socioambientais que induzem de maneira direita e significativa, levando ao aumento do domínio no estado em indivíduos pertencentes a essa fase da vida, o que acarreta prejuízos infindáveis para essa parcela da população. Desta forma, faz-se necessário a implementação de algumas medidas para uma redução mais assertiva desses casos, como educação sexual, uma maior orientação familiar, além de aprimorar as políticas públicas que contemplem esse assunto, como exemplo pode-se lapidar sua divulgação. 

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Caracterização do processo de cicatrização cutânea por segunda intenção em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis)

A cicatrização da pele é um processo complexo que se inicia no momento da injúria e pode ser influenciada por inúmeros fatores relacionados ao animal e ao ambiente. Objetivou-se demonstrar as características da cicatrização de pele por segunda intenção na espécie Bubalus bubalis, comparando-a com a espécie bovina. Foram retirados fragmentos de pele de bubalinos e bovinos e deixados cicatrizar por segunda intenção, sendo acompanhados os aspectos macroscópicos e microscópicos durante o processo. Macroscopicamente, a contaminação bacteriana, caracterizada pela exsudação purulenta foi mais evidente nos bovinos, quando comparado aos bubalinos. A microscopia confirmou este aspecto, quando demonstrou um infiltrado neutrofílico mais intenso e persistente naquela espécie. A coloração de Tricrômico de Masson demonstrou que a fibroplasia evoluiu de forma semelhante nas duas espécies. O tamanho médio das feridas foi significativamente menor (p<0,05) a partir do 14o dia nos bubalinos, tendo a cicatrização ocorrido mais brevemente nesta espécie

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales:the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data