Evolución de la ley (AG/CU) en monedas árabes durante los siglos VIII al X D.C mediante SEM-EDX y TXRF

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio analítico, mediante fluorescencia de ra yos X por reflexión total (TXRF) y microscopía electrónica de barrido con aná lisis de energía dispersiva de rayos X (SEM-EDX). de un amplio grupo de mo nedas islámicas (532 piezas), con el fin de establecer una correlación entre la ley de la moneda islámica en España y los acontecimientos históricos más relevan tes tícurridos durante los siglos VIII al X d.C. Los resultados analíticos obteni dos han permitido establecer el proceso de devaluación en la riqueza de la alea- ción Ag/Cu. en este período. Las tendencias observadas se correlacionan con el déficit de plata sufrido por el estado Omeya de Córdoba. Por otro lado, la com binación de las técnicas de TXRF y SEM-EDX ha permitido caracterizar de forma concluyente la tecnología de la producción, así como la evolución histórica su frida por este tipo de materiales

Large Scale Flows from Orion-South

Multiple optical outflows are known to exist in the vicinity of the active star formation region called Orion-South (Orion-S). We have mapped the velocity of low ionization features in the brightest part of the Orion Nebula, including Orion-S, and imaged the entire nebula with the Hubble Space Telescope. These new data, combined with recent high resolution radio maps of outflows from the Orion-S region, allow us to trace the origin of the optical outflows. It is confirmed that HH 625 arises from the blueshifted lobe of the CO outflow from 136-359 in Orion-S while it is likely that HH 507 arises from the blueshifted lobe of the SiO outflow from the nearby source 135-356. It is likely that redshifted lobes are deflected within the photon dominated region behind the optical nebula. This leads to a possible identification of a new large shock to the southwest from Orion-S as being driven by the redshifted CO outflow arising from 137-408. The distant object HH 400 is seen to have two even further components and these all are probably linked to either HH 203, HH 204, or HH 528. Distant shocks on the west side of the nebula may be related to HH 269. The sources of multiple bright blueshifted Herbig-Haro objects (HH 202, HH 203, HH 204, HH 269, HH 528) remain unidentified, in spite of earlier claimed identifications. Some of this lack of identification may arise from the fact that deflection in radial velocity can also produce a change in direction in the plane of the sky. The best way to resolve this open question is through improved tangential velocities of low ionization features arising where the outflows first break out into the ionized nebula.Comment: Astronomical Journal, in press. Some figures are shown at reduced resolution. A full-resolution version is available at http://ifront.org/wiki/Orion_South_Outflows_Pape

Towards predictive models in food engineering: Parameter estimation dos and don'ts

1 póster.-- 29th EFFoST International Conference, 10-12 November 2015, Athens, GreeceRigorous, physics based, modeling is at the core of computer aided food process engineering. Models often require the values of some, typically unknown, parameters (thermo-physical properties, kinetic constants, etc). Therefore, parameter estimation from experimental data is critical to achieve desired model predictive properties. Unfortunately, it must be admitted that often experiment design and modeling are fully separated tasks: experiments are not designed for the purpose of modeling and models are usually derived without paying especial attention to available experimental data or experimentation capabilities. When, at some point, the parameter estimation problem is put on the table, modelers use available experimental data to ``manually'' tune the unknown parameters. This results in inaccurate parameter estimates, usually experiment dependent, with the implications this has in model validation. This work takes a new look into the parameter estimation problem in food process modeling. First the common pitfalls in parameter estimation are described. Second we present the theoretical background and the numerical techniques to define a parameter estimation protocol to iteratively improve model predictive capabilities. This protocol includes: reduced order modeling, structural and practical identifiability analyses, data fitting with global optimization methods and optimal experimental design. And, to finish, we illustrate the performance of the proposed protocol with an example related to the thermal processing of packaged foods. The model was experimentally validated in the IIM-CSIC pilot plantThe authors acknowledge financial support from the EU (Project SPECTRAFISH), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project ISFORQUALITY) and CSIC (Project CONTROLA)Peer reviewe

Body weight impact of the sugar- sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children: A modeling study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156213/3/ijpo12636_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156213/2/ijpo12636-sup-0001-supinfo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156213/1/ijpo12636.pd

Estudio piloto sobre discalculia usando el “Dyscalculia Screener” de Butterworth

Having screening tools to identify students at risk of learning difficulties in mathematics is an essential resource to address future interventions that reduce failure and poor performance in mathematics.We present a pilot study with 49 students (average age of 9 years, 5 months) of 4th year of primary education to which we have evaluated with the computerized test of Butterworth (2003), Dyscalculia Screener. This tool consists of 4 subtests: 1. Simple Reaction Time, which evaluates the reaction time of the student before the presentation of a stimulus; 2. Point enumeration, which evaluates the ability to estimate the small numbers that is fundamental to learn to count, since it allows to check the result of the enumeration (Fuson, 1988). It is believed that this ability is innate, and a deficit could contribute to dyscalculia. 3. Comparison of numbers (also called as numerical effect of Stroop), is a test of ability to order numbers by their size. Homework also requires a fluid understanding of numbers. Students with deficits in the ability to recognize and understand numbers may have stopped forming efficient connections between numbers and their meanings so that a deficit could contribute to dyscalculia; 4. Test of Arithmetic Performance (addition and multiplication), the student has to answer quickly if an operation is correct or not.The results of this pilot study show a percentage of the risk population of 6.1%, which is in a range similar to that of other studies on the prevalence of dyscalculia (Devine et al., 2013, Dirks et al., 2008) .In the future, the expansion of the sample and its classification will provide an initial device to address a more complete assessment of students with learning difficulties in mathematics. Likewise, this screening allows the development of more specific intervention actions.Disponer de herramientas de cribado (screening) para identificar a estudiantes en riesgo de dificultades de aprendizaje en matemáticas es un  recurso imprescindible para abordar futuras intervenciones que disminuyan el fracaso y el bajo rendimiento en matemáticas.Presentamos un estudio piloto con 49 alumnos (media de edad de 9 años, 5 meses ) de 4º de educación Primaria a los que hemos evaluado con el test informatizado de Butterworth (2003), Dyscalculia Screener. Esta herramienta consta de 4 subtests: 1. Tiempo de Reacción Simple, que evalúa el tiempo de reacción del alumno ante la presentación de un estímulo; 2. Enumeración de puntos, que evalúa la capacidad para estimar los números pequeños que es fundamental para aprender a contar, ya que permite comprobar el resultado de la enumeración (Fuson, 1988). Se cree que esta capacidad es innata, y un déficit podría contribuir a la discalculia. 3. Comparación de números (también denominada como efecto numérico de Stroop), es una prueba de capacidad para ordenar numerosidades por su tamaño. La tarea también requiere una comprensión fluida de los números. Los alumnos con déficits en la capacidad de reconocer y comprender numerosidades pueden haber dejado de formar conexiones eficientes entre los números y sus significados por lo que un déficit podría contribuir a la discalculia; 4. Test de Rendimiento Aritmético (suma y multiplicación), el alumno tiene que contestar rápidamente si una operación es o no correcta.Los resultados de este estudio piloto muestran un porcentaje de población de riesgo del 6,1%, que se encuentra en un rango similar al de otros estudios sobre prevalencia de la discalculia (Devine et al., 2013; Dirks et al., 2008).En el futuro la ampliación de la muestra y su tipificación permitirá disponer de un dispositivo inicial para abordar una evaluación más completa de estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Asimismo, este cribado permite desarrollar acciones más específicas de intervención.

Cloning, in silico structural characterization and expression analysis of MfAtr4, an ABC transporter from the banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis

ABC transporters are membrane proteins that use the energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP to drive the transport of compounds across biological membranes. In some plants, pathogenic fungi ABC transporters play a role as virulence factors by mediating the export of plant defense compounds or fungal virulence factors. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black Sigatoka disease in banana, is the main constraint for the banana industry worldwide. So far, little is known about molecular mechanism that it uses to infect the host. In this study, degenerated primers designed from fungal ABC transporters known to be involved in virulence were used to isolate homologs from M. fijiensis. Here, we reported the full cloning of MfAtr4 a putative ortholog of MgAtr4, an ABC transporter of the related Mycosphaerella graminicola with a function in virulence. Similarities and differences with its presumed ortholog MgAtr4 are described, and the putative function of MfAtr4 are discussed. Analysis of MfAtr4 gene expression in field banana samples exhibiting visible symptoms of black Sigatoka disease indicated a higher expression of MfAtr4 during the first symptomatic stages in comparison to the late necrotrophic phases, suggesting a role for MfAtr4 in the early stages of pathogenic development of M. fijiensis.Key words: ABC transporters, virulence factors, MgAtr4 ortholog, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, black Sigatoka, Musa sp

Empty Urbanism: the bursting of the Spanish housing bubble

The depth of the Spanish housing crisis manifests itself in the collapse of construction activity and in the amount of housing and land stocks. The geography of the crisis shows its widespread nature, and the intensity of the previous bubble explains spatial differences. Resulting from this collapse are some problematic areas of 'empty urbanism'. An enormous land bubble, emerging from the peculiar Spanish urban development model, was a key factor in the impacts - caused by the crisis - on the territory and land-use plans. The crisis has demonstrated the unsustainability of this and the urgency of change in the existing land-use plans

Observation of two new Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryon resonances

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the $\Xi_b^0 \pi^-$ mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content $bds$ are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^+$ and $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^+$ states, denoted $\Xi_b^{\prime -}$ and $\Xi_b^{*-}$. Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be $m(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 3.653 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.006$ MeV$/c^2$, $m(\Xi_b^{*-}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 23.96 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.06$ MeV$/c^2$, $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{*-}) = 1.65 \pm 0.31 \pm 0.10$ MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) < 0.08$ MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Measurement of the Bs0→J/ψηB_{s}^{0} \rightarrow J/\psi \eta lifetime

Using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3 fb^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, the effective lifetime in the $B^0_s \rightarrow J/\psi \eta$ decay mode, $\tau_{\textrm{eff}}$, is measured to be $\tau_{\textrm{eff}} = 1.479 \pm 0.034~\textrm{(stat)} \pm 0.011 ~\textrm{(syst)}$ ps. Assuming $CP$ conservation, $\tau_{\textrm{eff}}$ corresponds to the lifetime of the light $B_s^0$ mass eigenstate. This is the first measurement of the effective lifetime in this decay mode.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-017.htm