Cuerpos e identidades cuestionadas: la transexualidad como concepto biomédico

Treballs Finals de Grau Antropologia Social i Cultural, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2013-2014, Tutor: Cristina Larrea KillingerEl presente artículo quiere invitar a la reflexión sobre el concepto de transexualidad que se traza en torno a las instituciones biomédicas. Las instituciones sanitarias tienen una enorme incidencia sobre el campo de la transexualidad ya que históricamente han sido y siguen siendo las que ponen las normas para, en el caso de aquellas personas que deciden empezar un proceso de reasignación de sexo, llegar a conseguirlo. En la otra cara de la moneda, sin embargo, existe un colectivo altamente fraccionado y heterogéneo al que en numerosas ocasiones se presenta con unas características similares que pueden hacer del concepto una definición errónea que se asume que debería adaptarse a todo el colectivo. Sin embargo, el mundo de la transexualidad cuenta con una gran variedad de discursos, entre los que destacaré el que denomino normativo; aceptación de la tríada impuesta por la institución médica: diagnóstico-hormonación-cirugía y el no normativo, basado en aquellas personas que desafían la lógica imperante de dichas instituciones y en numerosas ocasiones no aceptan dicha tríada, así como aquel discurso donde se cuestiona la definición de transexualidad impuesta por el sistema biomédico

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Almond Skin Byproducts (Prunus amygdalus): A Multivariate Analysis Approach

A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure to isolate phenolic compounds from almond skin byproducts was optimized. A three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the effect of almond skin weight, microwave power, and irradiation time on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH). Almond skin weight was the most important parameter in the studied responses. The best extraction was achieved using 4 g, 60 s, 100 W, and 60 mL of 70% (v/v) ethanol. TPC, antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), and chemical composition (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) were determined by using the optimized method from seven different almond cultivars. Successful discrimination was obtained for all cultivars by using multivariate linear discriminant analysis (LDA), suggesting the influence of cultivar type on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. The results show the potential of almond skin as a natural source of phenolics and the effectiveness of MAE for the reutilization of these byproducts.We acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financial support (MAT-2011-28468-C02-01). A.V. thanks Conselleria de Educación (Spain) for ACIF/2010/172 Predoctoral Research Training Grant

Wear metals determination in lubricating oils by reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

A periodic study of the engine oil can allow to anticipate possible breakdowns that the vehicle could have. Due to the complexity of the matrix of this type of samples, a sample treatment prior to analysis is necessary. Analytical chemistry is constantly searching for simpler, more sensitive and environmentally friendly methods. The reverse phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction fulfills all the characteristics for the analysis in this type of sample by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP OES). In this work, the extractant solvent used for the microextraction procedure is a diluted acid solution (i.e., 3 M HCl), which is a less-hazardous solvent, in comparison with other solvent used in microextraction procedures. Besides, it is perfectly compatible with MIP OES. The main experimental factors affecting the extraction of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Ni (i.e., amount of sample, extractant type, acid concentration, extractant volume, extractant time, and centrifugation time and speed) are optimized using a multivariate analysis consisting in two steps: a Plackett-Burman design followed by a circumscribed central composite design. Under optimum conditions (i.e., amount of sample: 5.9 g; extractant volume: 60 µL; extractant type: HCl; acid concentration: 3 M; extraction time: 3 min; centrifugation time: 3 min; centrifugation speed: 2000 rpm), the proposed analytical method is validated and employed to analyze different samples (i.e., used and unused engine oils). Two calibration methods have been evaluated since matrix effects have been observed in the used engine oil sample. These effects have been eliminated using standard addition calibration obtaining RSD and recovery values in the range of 4-12 % and 94-106 % respectively, for samples spiked with 1 µg g-1 of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo and Ni. Finally, the greenness of this method has been assessed by the Eco-Scale metrics.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2021-126155OB-I00), the Regional Government of Valencia (Spain) (CIPROM/2021/062), and University of Alicante (UAIND21-03C) for the financial support. 15% of this study is financed by the European Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria, project number BG-RRP-2.004-0001-C01. This article is based upon work from the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society. Finally, the authors would also like to thank Agilent Technologies Inc. for the loan of the MIP OES spectrometer and Ingeniatrics for the OneNeb® Series 2 provided. This work is part of the PhD. Degree of C. S

Detection of Prostate Cancer by Urine Proteomics

Comunicaciones a congreso

Impact of New Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Results of the “ACO-VID” Registry

COVID-19; Anticoagulation; Atrial fibrillationCOVID-19; Anticoagulación; Fibrilación auricularCOVID-19; Anticoagulació; Fibril·lació auricularObjective To assess the impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) on patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Multicenter and retrospective study that included subjects >55 years hospitalized with COVID-19 from March to October 2020 in Spanish hospitals. Patients were divided into 3 groups (no AF, new-onset AF, and preexisting AF) and followed-up to 90 days. Results A total of 668 patients were included, of whom 162 (24.3%) had no AF, 107 (16.0%) new-onset AF and 399 (59.7%) preexisting AF. Compared to patients without AF, those patients with new-onset AF were older and had more comorbidities, but without differences with preexisting AF. During hospitalization, in the univariate analysis, compared to patients without AF, major bleeding and cardiovascular mortality were more frequent in patients with new-onset AF (10.3% vs 0.6%; P < .001; 2.8% vs 0.6%; P = .025, respectively), with a trend toward more stroke (1.9% vs 0%; P = .085). Outcomes were similar between AF groups, but the length of stay was greater in preexisting AF patients. Among patients with new-onset AF taking reduced doses of anticoagulant treatment was associated with higher risks of stroke and major bleeding. Conclusions In COVID-19 hospitalized patients, new-onset AF may be associated with worse outcomes, but influenced by the dose of anticoagulants.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, though an unrestricted grant from Daichii Sankyo (DS) Spain. DS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation and publication of the registry

Clinical significance of long non-coding RNA HOTTIP in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer

Background HOTTIP, a long non-coding RNA located in the HOXA cluster, plays a role in the patterning of tissues with mesodermal components, including the lung. Overexpression of HOXA genes, including HOTTIP, has been associated with a more aggressive phenotype in several cancers. However, the prognostic impact of HOTTIP has not yet been explored in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have correlated HOTTIP expression with time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) in early-stage NSCLC patients. Methods Ninety-nine early-stage NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection in our center from June 2007 to November 2013 were included in the study. Mean age was 66; 77.8% were males; 73.7% had stage I disease; and 55.5% had adenocarcinoma. A validation data set comprised stage I-II patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. Results HOTTIP was expressed in all tumor samples and was overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.007) and in smokers (p = 0.018). Patients with high levels of HOTTIP had shorter TTR (78.3 vs 58 months; p = 0.048) and shorter OS (81.2 vs 61 months; p = 0.023) than those with low levels. In the multivariate analysis, HOTTIP emerged as an independent prognostic marker for TTR (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1-4.2; p = 0.05), and for OS (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.04-5.1; p = 0.04). HOTTIP was validated as a prognostic marker for OS in the TCGA adenocarcinoma cohort (p = 0.025). Moreover, we identified a 1203-mRNA and a 61-miRNA signature that correlated with HOTTIP expression. Conclusions The lncRNA HOTTIP can be considered a prognostic biomarker in early-stage NSCLC

Amelioration of Ischemic brain damage by peritoneal dialysis

Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition, for which there is still no effective therapy. Acute ischemic stroke is associated with high concentrations of glutamate in the blood and interstitial brain fluid. The inability of the tissue to retain glutamate within the cells of the brain ultimately provokes neuronal death. Increased concentrations of interstitial glutamate exert further excitotoxic effects on healthy tissue surrounding the infarct zone. We developed a strategy based on peritoneal dialysis to reduce blood glutamate levels, thereby accelerating brain-to-blood glutamate clearance. In a rat model of stroke, this simple procedure reduced the transient increase in glutamate, consequently decreasing the size of the infarct area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the rescued brain tissue remained functional. Moreover, in patients with kidney failure, peritoneal dialysis significantly decreased glutamate concentrations. Our results suggest that peritoneal dialysis may represent a simple and effective intervention for human stroke patientsThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish MINECO to J. Sánchez-Prieto (BFU2010/16947), I. Lizasoain (SAF2011- 23354), and M.A. Moro (SAF2009-08145, SAF2012-33216, and CSD2010-00045); from Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (RD06/0026, RD12/0014) to I. Lizasoain, M. Torres, J. Vivancos, and J. Sánchez-Prieto; from the “Comunidad de Madrid” (CAM-I2M2 2011-BMD-2349) to I. Lizasoain, M. Torres, J. Vivancos, and J. Sánchez-Prieto; and from NEUROSTEMCM to M.A. Moro (S2010/BMD-2336). Research in the laboratory of S. Canals and J. Lerma is supported by grants from the Spanish MINECO (BFU2009-09938, BFU2011-24084, and CSD2007-00023

Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide-based Haploidentical Transplantation As Alternative To Matched Sibling Or Unrelated Donor Transplantation For Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Registry Study Of The Lymphoma Working Party Of The European Society For Blood And Marrow Transplantation

Purpose: To compare the outcome of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who received post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-based haploidentical (HAPLO) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with the outcome of patients who received conventional HLA-matched sibling donor (SIB) and HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 709 adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who were registered in the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation database who received HAPLO (n = 98), SIB (n = 338), or MUD (n = 273) transplantation. Results: Median follow-up of survivors was 29 months. No differences were observed between groups in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). HAPLO was associated with a lower risk of chronic GVHD (26%) compared with MUD (41%; P =.04). Cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality at 1 year was 17%, 13%, and 21% in HAPLO, SIB, and MUD, respectively, and corresponding 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse or progression was 39%, 49%, and 32%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, relative to SIB, nonrelapse mortality was similar in HAPLO (P =.26) and higher in MUD (P =.003), and risk of relapse was lower in both HAPLO (P =.047) and MUD (P,.001). Two-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 67% and 43% for HAPLO, 71% and 38% for SIB, and 62% and 45% for MUD, respectively. There were no significant differences in overall survival or progression-free survival between HAPLO and SIB or MUD. The rate of the composite end point of extensive chronic GVHD and relapse-free survival was significantly better for HAPLO (40%) compared with SIB (28%; P =.049) and similar to MUD (38%; P =.59). Conclusion: Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-based HAPLO transplantation results in similar survival outcomes compared with SIB and MUD, which confirms its suitability when no conventional donor is available. Our results also suggest that HAPLO results in a lower risk of chronic GVHD than MUD transplantation

Comorbilidad entre los factores de ansiedad del SCARED y la sintomatología depresiva en niños de 8-12 años

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la comorbilidad entre los factores de ansiedad del SCARED y síntomas depresivos en niños de 8-12 años. 792 niñas y 715 niños completaron el Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder (SCARED), el Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El 47% de la muestra presentó síntomas ansiosos y el 11,5% presentó síntomas depresivos. La comorbilidad heterotípica fue del 82% en niños con riesgo de depresión y del 20% en niños con riesgo de ansiedad. La comorbilidad homotípica entre los factores de ansiedad fue del 87%. La comorbilidad homotípica y heterotípica fueron elevadas, su detección hará posible prevenir la continuidad de un trastorno de ansiedad y el desarrollo de depresiónThe aim of this study was to examine the comorbidity between the SCARED anxiety factors and depressive symptoms in 8-12-year-old children. Participants were 792 girls and 715 boys, who completed: the 41-ítem version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder (SCARED), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and a Socio-demographic questionnaire. Of the sample, 47% showed anxiety symptoms and 11.5% showed depressive symptoms. Heterotypic comorbidity was 82% in children at risk of depression and 20% in children at risk of anxiety. Homotypic Comorbidity between anxiety factors was 87%. Homotypic comorbidity and heterotypic comorbidity were high; their early detection will prevent the continuity of an anxious disorder and the development of depressio

Non-spectral interferences due to the presence of sulfuric acid in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Results of a systematic study concerning non-spectral interferences from sulfuric acid containing matrices on a large number of elements in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are presented in this work. The signals obtained with sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations (up to 5% w w− 1) have been compared with the corresponding signals for a 1% w w− 1− nitric acid solution at different experimental conditions (i.e., sample uptake rates, nebulizer gas flows and r.f. powers). The signals observed for 128Te+, 78Se+ and 75As+ were significantly higher when using sulfuric acid matrices (up to 2.2-fold for 128Te+ and 78Se+ and 1.8-fold for 75As+ in the presence of 5 w w-1 sulfuric acid) for the whole range of experimental conditions tested. This is in agreement with previously reported observations. The signal for 31P+ is also higher (1.1-fold) in the presence of sulfuric acid. The signal enhancements for 128Te+, 78Se+, 75As+ and 31P+ are explained in relation to an increase in the analyte ion population as a result of charge transfer reactions involving S+ species in the plasma. Theoretical data suggest that Os, Sb, Pt, Ir, Zn and Hg could also be involved in sulfur-based charge transfer reactions, but no experimental evidence has been found. The presence of sulfuric acid gives rise to lower ion signals (about 10–20% lower) for the other nuclides tested, thus indicating the negative matrix effect caused by changes in the amount of analyte loading of the plasma. The elemental composition of a certified low-density polyethylene sample (ERM-EC681K) was determined by ICP-MS after two different sample digestion procedures, one of them including sulfuric acid. Element concentrations were in agreement with the certified values, irrespective of the acids used for the digestion. These results demonstrate that the use of matrix-matched standards allows the accurate determination of the tested elements in a sulfuric acid matrix