Pest Identification and Management in Tomatillo in Louisiana.

In anticipation of the regional demand for tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) for the fresh market and sauce industry, four years of research trials (1990-1993) showed a significant adaptation of tomatillo to Louisiana planting conditions where, like tomato, it performed best in the cooler temperatures of spring and early fall. Field surveys indicated that virus diseases were major constraints on production. A foliar mosaic and yellow mottle found commonly affecting plants was caused by Physalis mosaic virus (PhyMV), identified by host reaction, electron microscopy, serology, and dsRNA analysis. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were also found. Potato flea beetles, aphids, and thrips transmitted PhyMV, CMV, and TSWV, respectively. A high incidence of aphids and thrips occurred during the flowering periods of tomatillo (May and October) while flea beetle populations began to appear in May and peaked in late September to early October. Field evaluations of insecticides for the control of tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) indicated that pyrethroid treatments (permethrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin) were significantly more effective in controlling this pest than the organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, methomyl), a carbamate (carbaryl), or an organochlorine (endosulfan). Greenhouse and field weed control studies showed that tomatillo was tolerant to pendimethalin, napropamide, trifluralin, metolachlor, sethoxydim, quizalofop, and fluazifop-butyl. Tomatillo was more sensitive to alachlor and clomazone, and showed no tolerance to metribuzin, acifluorfen, imazethapyr, and fomesafen. Full season control of many grass and broadleaf weeds was obtained without reducing tomatillo yields with sequential treatments of metolachlor, trifluralin, napropamide, or pendimethalin preemergence followed by sethoxydim, fluazifop-butyl, or quizalofop postemergence. In the spring and fall tomatillo transplantings, the aluminum mulch + insecticide treatment provided a high level of fruitworm and insect vector control and gave higher yields. Beneficial effects of mulching, such as insect repellency, weed control, adjustment of soil temperature, reduction of water percolation, and prevention of fruit rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani and other soilborne pathogens accounted for increased yields. Pest management techniques for tomatillo in Louisiana were outlined in detail along with production practices

Convection in binary mixture with free surface

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Free convection flow in a vertical annulus with power law fluid

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Thermal-hydraulic analysis of a research reactor on personal computer with TARR code

The code has been created for thermal-hydraulic calculation of stationary regime of nuclear research reactor, using personal computer. The main objective of the code is to compute the thermal parameters in the reactor core in order to avoid any accident. The code can be applied for many fuel assemblies available in research reactors

On some numerical methods for solving the 1-D Saint-Venant equations of general flow regime. Part 2: Verification and application

In the Part 1 of this paper [1], some numerical methods for solving the 1-D Saint-Venant equations of general flow regime have been described. This Part of the paper presents the results of verification by various test problems, covering all of three flow regimes: sub-, trans-, and super-critical. The results show that the mixed approach (between pointwise and upwind) for source terms is better than the pointwise one and any mathematical transformation of source terms must be careful, since that can lead to nonphysical solutions. The Roe's approximation with the mixed technique for the source terms is used for a preliminary evaluation of the Son La - Hoa Binh dambreak proble

Optimal operation of Hoa Binh reservoir for flood control on Hong-Thai Binh river system

In the paper the optimal operation of Hoabinh reservoir for flood control on Hong–Thai Binh river system is presented. The findings show that in the flood season in 1996 if the operation of gates and outlets of Hoa Binh reservoir was made base on the calculated release, the water level at Hanoi would be 12.3 m and the water level of Hoa Binh reservoir would be 98 m. So the calculated release from Hoabinh reservoir in August 1996 can be considered as optimal in the mean that the water level at Hanoi can be controlled and the Hoabinh reservoir still have necessary pool for controlling the next floods

Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam

Infections with HEV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are associated with increased rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV infections in pregnant women and the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, and associated outcomes. A total of 183 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited and followed until delivery. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HEV nucleic acids were detected in stool and cord blood samples. HEV genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Mother-to-child transmission and associated adverse outcomes were not observed. Only 2% of patients (n = 4/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, and 8% (n = 14/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. Cord blood (n = 150) analysis showed that there was no IgM detected, while 4% (n = 6/150) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, which was consistent with mothers testing positive for anti-HEV IgG. Nucleic acid tests for HEV RNA yielded 2% (n = 4/183) from the serum and stool of pregnant women, and none from cord blood. The HEV isolates belonged to the genotype HEV-3a, with 99% homology with humans and 96% with pigs. No association was found between the risk of HEV infection and pregnancy outcomes or HEV transmission from mother to child. HEV-3 infections of zoonotic origin in pregnancy might have eventually resolved without complications