Attract-and-kill Methods for Control of Indianmeal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella (Hbner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and Comparisons with Other Pheromone-based Control Methods

Adult males of Plodia interpunctella were impacted by pyrethroids and naturally derived Pyrethrins in contact toxicity tests, where mortality was more than 70%. Permethrin might be an alternative to be used in an attract-and-kill formulation for up to eight weeks. Is has adequate residual active ingredient, and adequate material and doses can be sprayed on to plastic-coated paper, bare metal, or bare plastic. The dispenser of pheromone is important in the attraction of adult males. An optimal release gradient will attract males; otherwise improper gradients will repel or do not elicit any attraction. Wax panels and plastic cylinders, both with 6.0% active ingredient (permethrin and cyfluthrin, respectively), that are deployed with a Biolure� strips suppressed adult populations in wind tunnel experiments. Similar impact was demonstrated in simulated warehouses, except that cyfluthrin was used at 2.0% active ingredient. In 2005, a field experiment was conducted in commercial establishments, and wax panels with 6.0% permethrin that were deployed with Biolures� significantly suppressed P. interpunctella populations. In 2006, pheromone-based methods were tested in commercial establishments. Among methods tested, the attract-and-kill formulation using 0.08% deltamethrin sprayed on plastic-coated paper. This method was not as effective as the wax panels utilized during the previous year. Mating disruption method with Biolures� only was as equally as effective as mass-trapping. Either of these methods can be used by pest control operators if applied at the proper concentration and formulation.Department of Entomology and Plant Patholog

Chorioretinal Atrophy after Spontaneous Resolution of Myopic Foveoschisis

Myopic foveoschisis is one of the major complications of pathologic myopia, and it was most recently identified by new imaging modalities. During the natural evolution of this complication, anatomical and visual improvement without surgical intervention is an unusual course, and most of these eyes remain stable or progressively worsen. The authors report a case of a highly myopic eye that developed patchy chorioretinal atrophy after spontaneous resolution of myopic foveoschisis, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported previously in the medical literature

Análisis comparativo del diseño estructural del pavimento flexible y pavimento rígido para la avenida larco tramo avenida Huamán y avenida Fátima de la ciudad de Trujillo

La presente investigación se desarrolló en la avenida Larco tramo avenida Huamán y avenida Fátima de la ciudad de Trujillo, mediante una investigación de tipo descriptiva - aplicada. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis comparativo del diseño estructural del pavimento flexible y pavimento rígido en dicho tramo, para lo cual se observó y analizó las condiciones en las que encontraba el pavimento existente del tramo en estudio. En el diseño estructural de los pavimentos se utilizó la metodología AASHTO 93, debido a que los parámetros de diseño se adecuan a las condiciones en las que se encuentra el tramo en estudio. Además, se tomó en cuenta las recomendaciones establecidas en el Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones: Norma CE.010 Pavimentos urbanos, 2010, las cuales sirvió para establecer los espesores del pavimento. Se realizaron estudios básicos de ingeniería como estudios de mecánica de suelo; con lo cual se determinó que el suelo es arcilloso con mediana plasticidad y presenta un CBR de 8.48%, estudio de análisis de tráfico; con lo cual se obtuvo que el número de repeticiones de ejes equivalentes para el pavimento flexibles es 3´889,505.98 y para el pavimento rígido es 3´997,058.60, datos necesarios que nos permitió determinar los diseños estructurales para ambos pavimentos. Los resultados obtenidos en el diseño estructural del pavimento flexible es una carpeta asfáltica de 10 cm, base de 20 cm y sub base de 15 cm, con un costo de un millón cuatrocientos sesenta y ocho mil seiscientos veinte con 67/100 soles (S/ 1´468,620.67) y para el diseño estructural del pavimento rígido, una losa de concreto de 20 cm con un f’c = 280kg/cm 2 y base de 15 cm, con un costo de dos millones ciento cincuenta y dos mil seiscientos setenta y cuatro con 75/100 soles (S/ 2´152,674.75). Se concluye que, a través de un análisis económico el costo de ejecución inicial del pavimento rígido es 31% mayor del costo del pavimento flexible.The present investigation was developed in Larco Avenue, section Huaman and Fatima´s Avenues in the city of Trujillo, through a descriptive - applied investigation. The main objective of this research was to carry out a comparative analysis of the structural design of the flexible and rigid flooring, for that reason it was observed and analyzed the conditions in which it was found the existing flooring of the stretch being studied. In the structural design of the flooring, was used the AASHTO 93 methodology, because the design parameters are adapted to the conditions in which the stretch under study is located. In addition, the recommendations established in the National Building Regulations were taken into account: CE.010 Urban Flooring, 2010, which was used to establish the thickness of the flooring. Basic engineering studies were conducted as soil mechanics studies; with which it was determined that the soil is clayey with medium plasticity and presents a CBR of 8.48%, study of traffic analysis; with which it was obtained that the number of repetitions of equivalent axes for the flexible pavement is 3'889,505.98 and for the rigid flooring is 3'997,058.60, necessary data that allowed us to determine the structural designs for both flooring. The results obtained in the structural design of the flexible flooring is a 10 cm asphalt binder, 20 cm base and 15 cm sub base, with a cost of one million four hundred sixty-eight thousand six hundred twenty with 67/100 soles (S/ 1,468,620.67) and for the structural design of the rigid flooring, a 20 cm concrete slab with a f'c = 280 kg/cm2 and 15 cm base, with a cost of two million one hundred fifty-two thousand six hundred seventy-four with 75/100 soles (S/ 2´152,674.75). It is concluded that, through an economic analysis, the cost of initial execution of the rigid flooring is 31% greater than the cost of the flexible flooring.Tesi

SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT Y COMPETENCIAS DIGITALES EN DOCENTES DE LA FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA Y FARMACIA

Burnout syndrome, also known in academic circles as professional Burnout syndrome, is related to sustained stress over long periods of time due to work, while digital competence is a set of knowledge, skills, attitudes, strategies, values, and awareness required when using ICT and digital media to perform teaching tasks. That is why we conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational study with the aim of quantifying the prevalence of Burnout syndrome and determining whether there is a relationship between digital competencies and Burnout syndrome. The sample consisted of 50 teachers, 25 from the Faculty of Psychology and 25 from the Faculty of Pharmacy. The results show that the prevalence of Burnout syndrome is approximately 30%, while around 70% of the sample demonstrated a medium to high level of digital competency. The relationship between both variables determined by the Pearson coefficient r= -.475 was significant in emotional exhaustion, r= -.51 significant in the depersonalization scale, and r= .353 significant in the personal accomplishment scale. The results lead us to the conclusion that there is a relationship between digital competence and Burnout syndrome.El síndrome de Burnout es conocido en el ámbito académico como síndrome de desgaste profesional y está relacionado al estrés sostenido durante largo periodos de tiempo a causa del trabajo, mientras que la competencia digital es un conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes, estrategias, valores y concienciación que se requieren cuando se usan las TIC y los medios digitales para realizar tareas docentes. Es por ello que hemos realizado un estudio cuantitativo, transversal correlacional, con el objetivo de cuantificar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout y determinar si existe relación entre las competencias digitales y el síndrome de Burnout. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 50 docentes, 25 de la Facultad de Psicología y 25 de la Facultad de Farmacia. Los resultados demuestran que la prevalencia del síndrome está en 30% aproximadamente, mientras que, en la competencia digital, alrededor del 70% de la muestra evidenció un nivel de medio a alto. La relación entre ambas variables determinada por el coeficiente de Pearson r= -.475 fue significativa en agotamiento emocional, r= -.51 significativa en la escala de despersonalización y r= .353 significativa en la escala de realización personal. Los resultados nos llevan a la conclusión que existe relación entre la competencia digital y el síndrome de Burnout

Individualized Therapy with Ranibizumab in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Individualized treatment regimens may reduce patient burden with satisfactory patient outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs are the current gold standard. Fixed monthly injections offer the best visual outcome but this regimen is not commonly followed outside clinical trials. A PRN regimen requires monthly visits where the patient is treated in the presence of signs of lesion activity. Therefore, an early detection of reactivation of the disease with immediate retreatment is crucial to prevent visual acuity loss. Several trials suggest that 'treat and extend' and other proactive regimens provide a reasonable approach. The rationale of the proactive regimens is to perform treatment anticipating relapses or recurrences and therefore avoid drops in vision while individualizing patient followup. Treat and extend study results in significant direct medical cost savings from fewer treatments and office visits compared to monthly treatment. Current data suggest that, for one year, PRN is less expensive, but treat and extend regimen would likely be less expensive for subsequent years. Once a patient is not a candidate to continue with treatment, he/she should be sent to an outpatient unit with adequate resources to follow nAMD patients in order to reduce the burden of specialized ophthalmologist services

A delphi study to detect deficiencies and propose actions in real life treatment of neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose. Spanish retina specialists were surveyed in order to propose actions to decrease deficiencies in real-life neovascular age macular degeneration treatment (nv-AMD). Methods. One hundred experts, members of the Spanish Vitreoretinal Society (SERV), were invited to complete an online survey of 52 statements about nv-AMD management with a modified Delphi methodology. Four rounds were performed using a 5-point Linkert scale. Recommendations were developed after analyzing the differences between the results and the SERV guidelines recommendations. Results. Eighty-seven specialists completed all the Delphi rounds. Once major potential deficiencies in real-life nv-AMD treatment were identified, 15 recommendations were developed with a high level of agreement. Consensus statements to reduce the burden of the disease included the use of treat and extend regimen and to reduce the amount of diagnostic tests during the loading phase and training technical staff to perform these tests and reduce the time between relapse detection and reinjection, as well as establishing patient referral protocols to outside general ophthalmology clinics. Conclusion. The level of agreement with the final recommendations for nv-AMD treatment among Spanish retinal specialist was high indicating that some actions could be applied in order to reduce the deficiencies in real-life nv-AMD treatment

Individualized Therapy with Ranibizumab in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Individualized treatment regimens may reduce patient burden with satisfactory patient outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs are the current gold standard. Fixed monthly injections offer the best visual outcome but this regimen is not commonly followed outside clinical trials. A PRN regimen requires monthly visits where the patient is treated in the presence of signs of lesion activity. Therefore, an early detection of reactivation of the disease with immediate retreatment is crucial to prevent visual acuity loss. Several trials suggest that “treat and extend” and other proactive regimens provide a reasonable approach. The rationale of the proactive regimens is to perform treatment anticipating relapses or recurrences and therefore avoid drops in vision while individualizing patient followup. Treat and extend study results in significant direct medical cost savings from fewer treatments and office visits compared to monthly treatment. Current data suggest that, for one year, PRN is less expensive, but treat and extend regimen would likely be less expensive for subsequent years. Once a patient is not a candidate to continue with treatment, he/she should be sent to an outpatient unit with adequate resources to follow nAMD patients in order to reduce the burden of specialized ophthalmologist services

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly