Exercício de fixação como instrumento de avaliação na graduação de medicina

In the semiannual and compulsory discipline: “MPR0614 Systems, planning and health management”, Medicine Graduate Program at the University of São Paulo, is used fixing exercises as an evaluation tool in order to include strategies that would promote meaningful learning of students in the process of performing medical residency test . The objective of this experience report was to describe the presentation and impact of fixation exercise technique as undergraduate teaching strategy. To achieve this, two post graduate students at USP, in the role of learning facilitators, they conducted an experience to help the relationship of teacher-student in the classroom and deepening the theoretical and practical content needed for understanding the dynamics of planning and management services of health within a health system, especially in the SUS. As a result, there was recognition that fixation exercise was contributory either by full professors and visiting professors, as the students of the 6th year of the USP medicine.Na disciplina semestral e obrigatória: “MPR 0614 Sistemas, planejamento e gestão em saúde”, do Curso de Graduação de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, utilizou-se exercícios de fixação como instrumento de avaliação a fim de inserir estratégias que favorecessem a aprendizagem significativa dos alunos em via de realizar prova de residência médica. O objetivo deste relato de experiência foi descrever a apresentação e o impacto da técnica do exercício de fixação como estratégia de ensino de graduação. Para isso, dois pós-graduandos da USP, no papel de facilitadores do aprendizado, realizaram uma experiência de auxílio à relação professor-aluno em sala de aula, aprofundando os conteúdos teóricos e práticos necessários para a compreensão das dinâmicas de planejamento e gestão de serviços de saúde no âmbito de um sistema de saúde, sobretudo, no SUS. Como resultado, constatou-se o reconhecimento contributivo dos exercícios de fixação tanto por parte dos professores titulares e convidados quanto dos alunos do 6º ano de medicina da USP

I Diretriz brasileira de cardio-oncologia pediátrica da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia PediátricaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica GRAACCUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Instituto do Coração do Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreInstituto Materno-Infantil de PernambucoHospital de Base de BrasíliaUniversidade de Pernambuco Hospital Universitário Oswaldo CruzHospital A.C. CamargoHospital do CoraçãoSociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia Departamento de Cardiopatias Congênitas e Cardiologia PediátricaInstituto Nacional de CâncerHospital Pequeno PríncipeSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São PauloInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PatologiaHospital Infantil Joana de GusmãoUNIFESP, Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica GRAACCUNIFESP, Depto. de PatologiaSciEL

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Evaluation of cytokines in endocervical-vaginal secretion of patients with bacterial vaginosis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ana Claudia Camargo Campos.pdf: 1642230 bytes, checksum: 4133de8b8f584001e502d94d537e3e82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-09The vagina and the cervix are the first immune and physical line of defense against sexually transmitted pathogens. However infectious process in the vagina, caused by potentially pathogenic microorganism such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), are very often. This may be associated with a morbid entity as Human Papillomavirus (HPV). It was evaluated the association between the presence of BV and HPV in the lower female genital tract, identifying the clinical and lab aspects in women who received medical attention at emergency rooms in the city of Goiânia-GO and observed the production of cytokines in endocervical secretions in cases with VB associated with HPV. This study included 173 sexually active women, between 16 and 48 years old, divided into groups: control, with BV and with high and low risk of HPV. A survey was conducted to collect the intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the patients. Microbial cultures, vaginal pH, identification of high and low risk of HPV by PCR, and the concentration of cytokines were performed. The result of the research data was submitted to a statistical analysis, calculating the oods ratio, confidence intervals and p of 0,05. Forty seven cases of BV were diagnosed. Besides, the presence of a vaginal pH > 4.5, showed a result statistically significant for the presence of HPV, p = 0.001 was also observed. When analyzing the multivariate logistic regression, the independent risk factors for the presence of VB were: having more than one sexual partner in the last 5 years p<0,001 and have more than 3 sexual intercourses per week p=0,002. But in HPV infection the independent risk factors were: being married p=0,029 and pH &#8804; 4.5 p<0,001 and in the case of high-risk HPV the only independent factor considered was the pH &#8804; 4.5 p= 0,006. Relating HPV infections with high and low risk and the presence of VB with some immune factors by the strength of local cytokines, it was found that, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly elevated in cases of BV and HPV. The IL-6 was high only for HPV, followed by IFN-gamma and IL-10 although the last two showed a trend towards statistical significance in HPV cases. It was concluded through the univariate analysis that the factors, having more than one sexual partner in the last 5 years, a failure in the use of condoms and the presence of leucorrhoea and dyspaurenia were related to the presence of BV and level of alkaline in the vagina which could possibly predispose to infections HPV, and the immune response Th1-type cytokines in vaginal secretions in the presence of BV and/or HPV may also be similar.A vagina e a cérvice são as primeiras linhas de defesa física e imunológica contra patógenos sexualmente transmissíveis. No entanto, os processos infecciosos na vagina causados por micro-organismos potencialmente patogênicos como nas vaginoses bacterianas (VB) são muito comuns. Podendo estar associados a uma entidade mórbida como o papilomavírus humano (HPV). Avaliou-se a relação existente entre a presença de VB e o HPV no trato genital inferior, dentificando os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais das mulheres atendidas em um hospital e em 5 unidades básicas de saúde da cidade de Goiânia-GO e verificou-se a concentração de citocinas na secreção endocervical nos casos com VB e HPV. O estudo incluiu 173 mulheres sexualmente ativas entre 16 e 48 anos de idade, divididas em grupos: controle, com VB e com HPV de alto e baixo riscos. Aplicou-se um questionário onde foram analisados os fatores de riscos extrínsecos e intrínsecos destas pacientes. Realizou-se exames de cultura e identificação microbiana, verificando o pH vaginal, seguido da identificação do HPV de alto e baixo riscos pelo PCR e dosagem de citocinas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, com cálculos do odds ratio, intervalo de confiança e p de 0,05. Foram identificados 47 casos de VB. A presença de pH vaginal > 4,5 mostrou resultado estatisticamente significativo ao aparecimento de HPV, p=0,001. Ao se analisar a regressão logística multivariada, os fatores de risco independentes para a presença de VB foram: ter mais de um parceiro sexual nos últimos 5 anos p<0,001 e ter mais de 3 relações sexuais por semana p=0,002. Já na presença de HPV os fatores independentes foram: estado civil casado p=0,029 e pH &#8804; 4,5 p< 0,001 e no caso de ser HPV de alto risco o único fator considerado independente foi o pH &#8804; 4,5 p= 0,006. Ao se relacionar as infecções pelo HPV de alto e baixo risco e pela presença de VB com alguns fatores imunológicos, através da dosagem das citocinas locais, verificou-se que as IL-2 e IL-12 mostraram maior concentração nos casos de VB e HPV se comparadas ao controle. A IL-6 mostrou-se elevada somente para HPV, seguidos pelo IFN-gama e a IL-10 embora estas duas últimas próximas ao estatisticamente significativo. Concluiu-se que na análise univariada que ter mais de um parceiro sexual nos últimos 5 anos e realizar mais de 3 relações sexuais por semana são fatores independentes associados à VB e a alcalinização da vagina provavelmente seja um fator predisponente às infecções pelo HPV e a resposta imune, através das citocinas tipo Th1 da secreção vaginal na presença de VB e/ou HPV, possivelmente seja semelhante