Orta Karadeniz’deki İstavrit, Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) Balığının Ölüm ve Sömürülme Oranları

This study provides some actual information about length, weight, age, and mortality rates of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) population in the central Black Sea in order to detect whether fishing pressure or not. A total of 1467 specimens were monthly collected from commercial purse-seiners, which especially landed to Sinop fishing port between September 2016 and March 2017. A total of 109 otoliths were used for age reading. Total length and weight of T. mediterraneus specimens were ranged from 7.1 cm to 20.3 cm (average: 14.02 ±0.04 cm) and 3.2 g to 67.7 g (average: 23.8 ±0.19 g). The samples were grouped densely between 12 and 15 cm and about 84% of samples in this study were within the legal size. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0067 × TL3.0848 (r2 = 0.94). Age groups of horse mackerel in the central Black Sea were between I and III. Mean lengths according to age groups were 9.9 ±0.36 cm, 14.1 ±0.11 cm and 16.7 ±0.13 cm, respectively. Also, von Bertalanffy Growth Parameters were L∞ = 19.14 ±0.46 cm, K = 0.65 ±0.03, t0 = -0.08 ±0.007 year. Mortalities (M, F and Z) and exploitation rate (E) of T. mediterraneus from the Central Black Sea were 0.84 year-1, 0.87 year-1, 1.712 year-1 and 0.51 year-1, respectively. The rates of exploitation and minimum landing size indicate that there is no overfishing on T. mediterraneus population in the area for the time being.Bu çalışma orta Karadeniz Bölgesindeki istavrit (Trachurus mediterraneus) popülasyonu üzerinde balıkçılık baskısı olup olmadığının tespiti amacıyla tür üzerindeki boy, ağırlık, yaş ve ölüm oranları gibi güncel bilgileri içermektedir. Toplamda 1467 adet birey Eylül 2016 ve Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında özelikle Sinop Limanı’ndaki ticari gırgır teknelerinden aylık olarak toplanmıştır. 109 adet bireyden yaş okumak amacıyla otolit çıkarılmıştır. T. mediterraneus bireylerinin boy dağılımları 7,1 cm ile 20,3 cm (ortalama: 14,02 ±0,04 cm) arasında değişmekte iken ağırlık dağılımlarının 3,2 g ile 67,7 g (ortalama: 23,8 ±0,19 g) arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler 12-15 cm boy grupları arasında yoğunlaşmış ve elde edilen bireylerin %84’ünün yasal avlanma boy değerinin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisi W = 0,0067 × TL3.0848 (r2 = 0,94) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler I ile III yaş gurubu arasında dağılım göstermektedir. Yaşlara göre ortalama boylar I. yaş için 9,9 ±0,36 cm; II. yaş için 14,1 ±0,11 cm; III. yaş için 16,7 ±0,13 cm dir. von Bertalanffy Büyüme parametreleri ise L∞ = 19,14 ±0,46 cm, K = 0,65 ±0,03, t0 = -0,08 ±0,007 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Orta Karadeniz’den elde edilen T. mediterraneus bireylerinin doğal ölüm oranı (M) 0,84 yıl-1, Balıkçılık kaynaklı ölüm oranı 0,87 yıl-1 ve toplam ölüm oranı 1,712 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sömürülme oranı (E) ise 0,51 yıl-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sömürülme oranı ve karaya çıkarılan ürünlerin boy gruplarına bakıldığında şu an için bu bölgede T. mediterraneus popülasyonu üzerinde bir av baskısının olmadığı söylenebilir

Phenotype screens of murine pancreatic cancer identify a Tgf-α-Ccl2-paxillin axis driving human-like neural invasion

Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2023, Wang et al.Solid cancers like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a type of pancreatic cancer, frequently exploit nerves for rapid dissemination. This neural invasion (NI) is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC, but insufficiently modeled in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of PDAC. Here, we systematically screened for human-like NI in Europe’s largest repository of GEMM of PDAC, comprising 295 different genotypes. This phenotype screen uncovered 2 GEMMs of PDAC with human-like NI, which are both characterized by pancreas-specific overexpression of transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) and conditional depletion of p53. Mechanistically, cancer-cell-derived TGF-α upregulated CCL2 secretion from sensory neurons, which induced hyperphosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein paxillin via CCR4 on cancer cells. This activated the cancer migration machinery and filopodia formation toward neurons. Disrupting CCR4 or paxillin activity limited NI and dampened tumor size and tumor innervation. In human PDAC, phospho-paxillin and TGF-α–expression constituted strong prognostic factors. Therefore, we believe that the TGF-α-CCL2-CCR4-p-paxillin axis is a clinically actionable target for constraining NI and tumor progression in PDAC.Peer reviewe

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks