Biomass-derived carbon/γ-MnO2 nanorods/S composites prepared by facile procedures with improved performance for Li/S batteries

The promising prospects of the Li/S battery, due to its theoretical energy density of about 2500 Wh kg─1, are severely limited by two main weaknesses: the poor conductivity of S and the solubility of the polysulphides in the electrolyte. A combination of carbon and transition metal oxides is the best option for mitigating both of these shortcomings simultaneously. In this work, we use hydrothermally-tailored γ-MnO2 nanorods combined with an activated biomass-derived carbon, which is an inexpensive material and easy to prepare. This strategy was also followed for a AC/MnO2/S composite, a preparation of which was made by grinding; this is the simplest method for practical applications. More complex procedures for the formation of in situ hydrothermal MnO2 nanorods gave similar results to those obtained from grinding. Compared with the AC/S composite, the presence of MnO2 markedly increased the delivered capacity and improved the cycling stability at both low (0.1 C) and high (1 C) currents. This behaviour results from a combination of two main effects: firstly, the MnO2 nanorods increase the electrical conductivity of the electrode, and secondly, the small particle size of the oxide can enhance the chemisorption properties and facilitate a redox reaction with polysulphides, more efficiently blocking their dissolution in the electrolyte

Hormony tarczycy i otyłość: znana, lecz słabo rozpoznana relacja

Hormony tarczycy (thyroid hormones, TH) są zaangażowane w wiele różnych procesów biologicznych, wliczając rozwój układu nerwowego, regulację metabolizmu pośredniego oraz zużycie energii. Aktywnie uczestniczą w podstawowym zużyciu energii i termogenezie adaptacyjnej i z tego względu mogą mieć wpływ na masę ciała w przebiegu chorób tarczycy. Otyłość to niezakaźna, przewlekła, zapalna choroba metaboliczna, która implikuje dodatni bilans energetyczny. Tkanka tłuszczowa produkuje szereg hormonów i adipocytokin, takich jak leptyna, które mogą wpływać na stan tarczycy na różnych poziomach. Istnieją dowody na to, że dysfunkcja tarczycy może predysponować do otyłości i odwrotnie, istnieją dowody sugerujące, że otyłość powoduje zmiany dotyczące tarczycy. Celem tej pracy było opisanie związku między układem tarczycy a otyłością. Ponadto w pracy zaprezentowano hipotetyczny model podkreślający znaczenie obwodowej dejodynacji hormonów tarczycy i jego rolę w ustanowieniu dodatniego bilansu energetycznego. Podsumowując, możemy stwierdzić, że relacja między układem tarczycy a otyłością i nadwagą jest złożona i obejmuje wiele poziomów interakcji. Ponadto, poddając ocenie otyłego pacjenta, powinno się rozważyć ocenę funkcji tarczycy, aby uzyskać lepsze i spersonalizowane efekty leczenia

Epidemiología de las fracturas de la extremidad proximal del fémur en asturias

Hemos realizado un estudio epidemiológico de las fracturas de fémur proximal en personas mayores de 50 años, atendidas en nuestro Hospital durante los años 1990-92. Se valoraron un total de 355 casos. En el período estudiado se observó que las fracturas más numerosas fueron la cervicales, no encontrando diferencias significativas en los ingresos según el período estacional. La edad media de presentación fue de 81 años. La tasa de incidencia fue muy semejante a las otras provincias españolas y menor que la encontrada en los países del Norte de Europa, Inglaterra y Estados Unidos.We have performed an epidemiologic study on the incidence of proximal femoral fractures in patients older than 50 years, all reviewed in our Hospital from 1990 to 1992. We included 355 patients. Femoral neek fractures were the most frequent lesions. No significant differences in the hospital admissions were found during all the year's seasons. The mean age of presentation was 81 years. The incidence rate was similar to the rest of Spain, and less than in North Europe, England and United States

Caracterización de dos variedades de frijol fermentados con Pleurotus ostreatus.

Con el objetivo de suplementar biofuncionalmente frijol y mejorar su utilización nutricia mediante la fermentación sólida con Pleurotus ostreatus. Se determinó, con la metodología de AOAC, la composición química y las propiedades tecnofuncionales de harinas de frijol negro y frijol bayo sin fermentar (FN, FB) y fermentados con P. ostreatus (FNP, FBP). La cantidad de proteína (FN 21.86g ± 1.12 S.D., FNP 20.93g ± 2.8, FB 21.73g ± 1.30 S.D., FBP 22.07g ± 2.59) y grasa (FN 1.92g ± 0.32 S.D., FNP 1.77g ± 0.66, FB 1.76g ± 0.013 S.D., FBP 1.5g ± 0.16) en las harinas de frijol fermentadas, no muestran diferencia significativa en comparación con las no fermentadas. La capacidad para absorber agua (FN 2.22g ± 0.02 S.D., FNP 2.25 ± 0.19, FB 1.93gr ± 0.01 S.D., FBP 2.16g ± 0.18) y capacidad de absorción de aceite, (FN 1.40g ± 0.42 S.D., FNP 1.62 ± 0.22, FB 1.04g ± 0.47 S.D., FBP 1.59g ± 0.43) no presentan diferencia significativa entre las mismas. Así mismo disminuyó la presencia de taninos en las harinas fermentadas disminuyó (FN 0.542 ± 0.044 S.D., FNP 0.036 ± 0.003, FB 0.053 ± 0.014 S.D., FBP 0.034 ± 0.002 S.D.)

Identification of latexin by a proteomic analysis in rat normal articular cartilage

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Animal models of OA induced are a widely used tool in the study of the pathogenesis of disease. Several proteomic techniques for selective extraction of proteins have provided protein profiles of chondrocytes and secretory patterns in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage, including the discovery of new and promising biomarkers. In this proteomic analysis to study several proteins from rat normal articular cartilage, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) were used. Interestingly, latexin (LXN) was found. Using an immunohistochemical technique, it was possible to determine its localization within the chondrocytes from normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, 147 proteins were visualized, and 47 proteins were identified by MS. A significant proportion of proteins are involved in metabolic processes and energy (32%), as well as participating in different biological functions including structural organization (19%), signal transduction and molecular signaling (11%), redox homeostasis (9%), transcription and protein synthesis (6%), and transport (6%). The identified proteins were assigned to one or more subcellular compartments.</p> <p>Among the identified proteins, we found some proteins already recognized in other studies such as OA-associated proteins. Interestingly, we identified LXN, an inhibitor of mammalian carboxypeptidases, which had not been described in articular cartilage. Immunolabeling assays for LXN showed a granular distribution pattern in the cytoplasm of most chondrocytes of the middle, deep and calcified zones of normal articular cartilage as well as in subchondral bone. In osteoarthritic cartilage, LXN was observed in superficial and deep zones.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provides the first proteomic analysis of normal articular cartilage of rat. We identified LXN, whose location was demonstrated by immunolabeling in the chondrocytes from the middle, deep and calcified zones of normal articular cartilage, and superficial and deep zones of osteoarthritic cartilage.</p

Analysis of the Influence Subjective Human Parameters in the Calculation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Buildings

[EN] In the present work, we analyze the influence of the designer's choice of values for the human metabolic index (met) and insulation by clothing (clo) that can be selected within the ISO 7730 for the calculation of the energy demand of buildings. To this aim, we first numerically modeled, using TRNSYS, two buildings in different countries and climatologies. Then, we consistently validated our simulations by predicting indoor temperatures and comparing them with measured data. After that, the energy demand of both buildings was obtained. Subsequently, the variability of the set-point temperature concerning the choice of clo and met, within limits prescribed in ISO 7730, was analyzed using a Monte Carlo method. This variability of the interior comfort conditions has been finally used in the numerical model previously validated, to calculate the changes in the energy demand of the two buildings. Therefore, this work demonstrated that the diversity of possibilities offered by ISO 7730 for the choice of clo and met results, depending on the values chosen by the designer, in significant differences in indoor comfort conditions, leading to non-negligible changes in the calculations of energy consumption, especially in the case of big buildings.This work was partially funded by grants OHMERA MAT2017-86453-R, FIS2017-83762-P and ENE2015-71333-R from MINECO (Spain). R. Robledo and M. Hernandez were supported by CONACYT grants 298503 and 296471, respectively. We also thanks to supporting given by the project number INFRA-187906 from the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology-CONACYT.Robledo-Fava, R.; Hernández-Luna, MC.; Fernández De Córdoba, P.; Michinel, H.; Zaragoza, S.; Castillo-Guzman, A.; Selvas-Aguilar, R. (2019). Analysis of the Influence Subjective Human Parameters in the Calculation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Buildings. 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Applied Energy, 114, 520-530. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.008Zhang, L., Zhang, L., & Wang, Y. (2016). Shape optimization of free-form buildings based on solar radiation gain and space efficiency using a multi-objective genetic algorithm in the severe cold zones of China. Solar Energy, 132, 38-50. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2016.02.053Lei, J., Yang, J., & Yang, E.-H. (2016). Energy performance of building envelopes integrated with phase change materials for cooling load reduction in tropical Singapore. Applied Energy, 162, 207-217. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.031Chen, C.-W., Lee, C.-W., & Lin, Y.-W. (2014). Air Conditioning — Optimizing Performance by Reducing Energy Consumption. Energy & Environment, 25(5), 1019-1024. doi:10.1260/0958-305x.25.5.1019Sivak, M. (2009). Potential energy demand for cooling in the 50 largest metropolitan areas of the world: Implications for developing countries. Energy Policy, 37(4), 1382-1384. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.031Attia, S., Hensen, J. L. M., Beltrán, L., & De Herde, A. (2012). Selection criteria for building performance simulation tools: contrasting architects’ and engineers’ needs. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 5(3), 155-169. doi:10.1080/19401493.2010.549573Crawley, D. B., Lawrie, L. K., Winkelmann, F. C., Buhl, W. F., Huang, Y. J., Pedersen, C. O., … Glazer, J. (2001). EnergyPlus: creating a new-generation building energy simulation program. Energy and Buildings, 33(4), 319-331. doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(00)00114-6Newsham, G. R. (1997). Clothing as a thermal comfort moderator and the effect on energy consumption. Energy and Buildings, 26(3), 283-291. doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(97)00009-1Schiavon, S., & Lee, K. H. (2013). Dynamic predictive clothing insulation models based on outdoor air and indoor operative temperatures. Building and Environment, 59, 250-260. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.024Lee, Y. S., & Malkawi, A. M. (2014). Simulating multiple occupant behaviors in buildings: An agent-based modeling approach. Energy and Buildings, 69, 407-416. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.11.020Kang, D. H., Mo, P. H., Choi, D. H., Song, S. Y., Yeo, M. S., & Kim, K. W. (2010). Effect of MRT variation on the energy consumption in a PMV-controlled office. Building and Environment, 45(9), 1914-1922. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.02.020Luo, M., Cao, B., Zhou, X., Li, M., Zhang, J., Ouyang, Q., & Zhu, Y. (2014). Can personal control influence human thermal comfort? A field study in residential buildings in China in winter. Energy and Buildings, 72, 411-418. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.057Manu, S., Shukla, Y., Rawal, R., Thomas, L. E., & de Dear, R. (2016). Field studies of thermal comfort across multiple climate zones for the subcontinent: India Model for Adaptive Comfort (IMAC). Building and Environment, 98, 55-70. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.019Hwang, R.-L., & Shu, S.-Y. (2011). Building envelope regulations on thermal comfort in glass facade buildings and energy-saving potential for PMV-based comfort control. Building and Environment, 46(4), 824-834. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.10.009Ioannou, A., & Itard, L. C. M. (2015). Energy performance and comfort in residential buildings: Sensitivity for building parameters and occupancy. Energy and Buildings, 92, 216-233. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.055Hong, T., Taylor-Lange, S. C., D’Oca, S., Yan, D., & Corgnati, S. P. (2016). Advances in research and applications of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Energy and Buildings, 116, 694-702. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.052Yan, D., O’Brien, W., Hong, T., Feng, X., Burak Gunay, H., Tahmasebi, F., & Mahdavi, A. (2015). Occupant behavior modeling for building performance simulation: Current state and future challenges. Energy and Buildings, 107, 264-278. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.08.032Putra, H. C., Andrews, C. J., & Senick, J. A. (2017). An agent-based model of building occupant behavior during load shedding. Building Simulation, 10(6), 845-859. doi:10.1007/s12273-017-0384-xThomas, A., Menassa, C. C., & Kamat, V. R. (2017). Lightweight and adaptive building simulation (LABS) framework for integrated building energy and thermal comfort analysis. Building Simulation, 10(6), 1023-1044. doi:10.1007/s12273-017-0409-5Lindner, A. J. M., Park, S., & Mitterhofer, M. (2017). Determination of requirements on occupant behavior models for the use in building performance simulations. Building Simulation, 10(6), 861-874. doi:10.1007/s12273-017-0394-8Cedeno Laurent, J. G., Samuelson, H. W., & Chen, Y. (2017). The impact of window opening and other occupant behavior on simulated energy performance in residence halls. Building Simulation, 10(6), 963-976. doi:10.1007/s12273-017-0399-3Kuznik, F., Virgone, J., & Johannes, K. (2010). 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Gliomas de bajo grado: implicancias de la nueva clasificación

En el año 2016 se presentó formalmente la nueva clasificación de tumores cerebrales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la misma se dio debido a la gran variabilidad que existía entre diversos centros en los diagnósticos anatomopatológicos, se pasó de una clasificación meramente histológica para incorporar parámetros moleculares que dio un nuevo enfoque no solo en la anatomía patológica sino un cambio de paradigma a nivel clínico-quirúrgico. Objetivos: revisión de la nueva clasificación de la OMS para tumores gliales de bajo grado y su implicancia clínicoquirúrgica.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Análisis de la relevancia y factibilidad de indicadores de calidad en las unidades de nutrición

Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad en las actividades sanitarias exige la elección de unos indicadores acordes con los resultados que queremos medir. De todos los posibles, debemos priorizar aquellos que nos permitan obtener la información más relevante sin sobrecargar el trabajo habitual de nuestras Unidades. Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los socios de SENPE respecto a la relevancia y la viabilidad del uso de una selección de indicadores de calidad para su aplicación en nutrición clínica. Métodos: Encuesta remitida mediante correo electrónico a los socios de SENPE solicitando a los mismos su opinión sobre 12 indicadores de calidad, valorándose cada uno en cuanto a su relevancia y factibilidad de la aplicación en su medio. Resultados: Contestaron 40 encuestados de 40 centros diferentes de 12 comunidades autónomas. En general, los indicadores fueron considerados más relevantes que factibles. Los indicadores mejor puntuados fueron: “identificación en las bolsas de nutrición artificial”, “posición semi-incorporada del paciente con nutrición enteral por sonda nasogástrica” y “protocolos clínicos básicos”. Considerando los indicadores por grupos (de estructura, proceso o resultado) los mejor valorados fueron: “identificación del paciente en las bolsas de nutrición artificial” (estructura), “posición semi-incorporada” y “protocolos clínicos básicos” (proceso), y “cumplimiento del objetivo calórico” (resultado). Conclusión: Los resultados de la encuesta permiten seleccionar indicadores prioritarios para su aplicación en las Unidades de NutriciónIntroduction: The quality assessment in health activities requires the choice of indicators in line with the results we want to measure. Of all possible, we should prioritize those that allow us to obtain the most relevant information without overloading the regular work of our units. Objective: To determine the opinion of the members of SENPE regarding the relevance and feasibility of using a selection of quality indicators designed for use in clinical nutrition. Methods: E-mail survey sent to members of SENPE asking them their views on 12 quality indicators, evaluating each in terms of their relevance and feasibility of implementation in their environment. Results: 40 respondents answered from 40 centers in 12 different regions. In general, the indicators were considered more relevant than feasible. The indicators best rated were: “identification in artificial nutrition bags, “semi-recumbent position in patient with nasogastric tube feeding” and “basic clinical protocols”. Considering the type of indicator: “patient identification in the bags of artificial nutrition (structure),” a semi-incorporated “and” basic clinical protocols (process), and “fulfillment of the caloric goal” (result). Conclusion: The results of the survey can make a selection of indicators that could be considered for first-line introduction in a Nutrition Uni

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome, Endothelial Function and Markers of Endothelialization. Changes after CPAP

Study objectives This study tries to assess the endothelial function in vivo using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and several biomarkers of endothelium formation/restoration and damage in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome at baseline and after three months with CPAP therapy. Design Observational study, before and after CPAP therapy. Setting and Patients We studied 30 patients with apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) > 15/h that were compared with themselves after three months of CPAP therapy. FMD was assessed non-invasively in vivo using the Laser-Doppler flowmetry. Circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) and microparticles (MPs) were measured as markers of endothelial damage and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined as a marker of endothelial restoration process. Measurements and results After three month with CPAP, FMD significantly increased (1072.26 +/- 483.21 vs. 1604.38 +/- 915.69 PU, p<0.005) cf-DNA and MPs significantly decreased (187.93 +/- 115.81 vs. 121.28 +/- 78.98 pg/ml, p<0.01, and 69.60 +/- 62.60 vs. 39.82 +/- 22.14 U/mu L, p<0.05, respectively) and VEGF levels increased (585.02 +/- 246.06 vs. 641.11 +/- 212.69 pg/ml, p<0.05). These changes were higher in patients with more severe disease. There was a relationship between markers of damage (r = -0.53, p< 0.005) but not between markers of damage and restoration, thus suggesting that both types of markers should be measured together. Conclusions CPAP therapy improves FMD. This improvement may be related to an increase of endothelial restoration process and a decrease of endothelial damage

On the radioecological issues of natural radionuclides in water and sediment of a highly contaminated lagoon from Mexico

Se han determinado las concentraciones de actividad de radionucleidos naturales en el agua y los sedimentos de la laguna El Pedernalillo, Zacatecas, México