Evaluation of salt tolerance of in vitro-grown grapevine rootstock varieties

The response of 11 grapevine rootstock varieties to increasing salt concentrations (0, 50, 85, 120, 155 mM NaCl) was studied under in vitro and growth chamber conditions. The effect of salinity on the mortality of explants was compared with that of plantlets grown under growth chamber conditions and with data in literature on rootstock resistance under field conditions. In addition, in vitro stem elongation bud number, and rooting ability were related to salinity. The rootstock varieties can be divided into sensitive (41 B, R.Lot, 110 R, 140 R and 161-49), moderately tolerant (13.5 and Ramsey) and tolerant (196-17, CH-1, CH-2 and Superior). Measurements of the water and nutrient contents of plantlets indicate that increasing salt concentrations decreased the hydration of aerial parts and roots of all plants; however, the decrease of hydration was smaller in salt tolerant varieties. Increasing salt concentrations significantly reduced the K content and, to a smaller extent, the P and Ca contents. With and without salt treatments the levels of K and P were lower in sensitive plants. Na and Cl accumulated to a higher extent in tolerant plants. The tolerance to NaCl of in vitro-grown rootstocks seems to be due to their capacity to accumulate salt, to increase K concentration in the tissue and to maintain a high water content. Our results indicate that salt tolerance of grapevine varieties may be tested under growth chamber conditions and using in vitro explants

Influencia de la concentración de sacarosa en el medio, sobre la respuesta de material de vid "in vitro"

7 páginas, 8 figuras y 16 referencias.-- Trabajo presentado en el VI Simposium Nacional - II Ibérico sobre nutrición mineral de las plantas, Sevilla, del 12 al 15 de Noviembre de 1996.-- Entidades colaboradoras Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal, El Monte, Caja de Huelva y Sevilla y Gat Fertilíquido. Editores científicos: Rafael Sarmiento Solís, Eduardo O. Leidi Montes y Antonio Troncoso de Arce.-- (Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla).[EN]: The effects of two sucrose amounts, 20 and 30 gl(elevado a -1), added to the nutrient medium on the in vitro development of grapevine rootstocks 4 lB, 110 Richter, 196-17, 161-49 de Couderc and Rupestris de Lot, of Superior cultivar and of CH-I ,and CH-2 clones from Chile was studied. Medium with the lowest amount of sucrose favoured the aerial part growth of varieties ) 61-49, Rupestris de Lot, Superior and 196-17. This major growth of aerial part of explant (organs with clhorophyll), did not produce it in radical system. Development of this system was independent of sugar concentration in substrat and more in relation with grape variety Substrat with 20 gl(elevado a -1) of sucrose also shown a light major inclination to vitrification of in vitro plant. material[ES]: Se estudia el efecto de dos concentraciones (20 y 30 gl(elevado a -1)) de sacarosa en el medio de cultivo, sobre el desarrollo in vitro de los portainjertos de vid 41B, 110 de ichter,) 96-17, 161-49 de Couderc y Rupestris de Lot, del cultivar Superior y de los clones CH-) y CH-2 procedentes de Chile. El medio con la concentración mas baja de sacarosa favoreció, en general el crecimiento de la parte aérea del material de vid in vitro, en especial de las variedades 161-49, Rupestris de Lot, Superior y 196-17. Este mayor crecimiento de la parte aérea del explanto (órganos con clorofila), no se produjo en el sistema radical, cuyo desarrollo fue independiente de la concentración de azúcar en el medio y mas relacionable con la variedad de vid. El medio con 20 gl(elevado a -1) de sacarosa también mostró una ligera mayor predisposición a.la vitrificacón del material vegetal in vitro.Peer reviewe

Effects of a perceptual-motor program in response reaction to older people

Diversos trabajos han mostrado que se puede reducir el tiempo de reacción en los mayores con la práctica de actividad física (Hunter et al., 2001) e incluso igualar al de los jóvenes (Light et al., 1996). 52 hombres y mujeres de la ciudad de Melilla distribuidos en dos grupos de estudio: un grupo control (n=26 ; M= 68,56 años) que participa en actividades físicas genéricas y un grupo experimental (n=26 ; M=67,32 años) que ha participado en las mismas actividades más un programa de entrenamiento específico para la mejora del equilibrio, ajuste postural y tiempo de reacción. Los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas en el postest ni en la prueba de transferencia, pero los sujetos del grupo experimental alcanzan mejores desempeños en las dos variables de estudio (Tiempo de reacción simple - TRs y tiempo de inicio del movimiento - TIm) (GE TRs M= .55 ; TIm M=. 53 ; GC TRs M=.60 ; TIm M=. 64). Por subgrupos de estudio, las mujeres del subgrupo 60-70 años participantes en el programa obtuvieron resultados significativamente mejores que el resto de subgrupos consideradosAccording to several studies, physical activity can reduce the reaction time of elderly people (Hunter et al., 2001) and even make it equal to that of young people (Light et al., 1996). This project included 52 men and women from the City of Melilla distributed in two groups of study: a Control Group (n=26; M=68, 56 years old) taking part in generic physical activities, and an Experimental Group (n=26; M=67, 32 years) undertaking these same activities and also a specific training programme designed to improve balance, postural adjustment and reaction time. The results do not show significant differences either in the post-test or in the transfer test. However, the subjects from the experimental group achieved better performances on the two study variables (simple reaction time or sRT and initial movement time iMT) (EG sRT M=.55; iMT M=.53; CG sRT M=.60; iMT M=.64). In the per-subgroup analysis, the women of the 60-70-years-old subgroup who participated in the programme obtained significant better results than the subjects of the other subgroups

Rural film festivals: social functions, obstacles and challenges

This investigation is centred on film festivals within Spain that take the rural world as their reference. A panoramic approach to an emerging trend is presented in the study. The concept of the “social function” is of central importance to the analytical perspective that is adopted, to understand what added value these sorts of festivals specializing in rural topics can contribute, especially in relation to the current challenges of rural depopulation. Qualitative methods are mainly used, based on semi-structured interviews with the people who direct and manage these sorts of events, with the support of digital documents downloaded from web-pages and searches for the digital footprint of rural film festivals on websites and social media. Promoting and financing a rural film festival is, at the very least, both a social and an organizational challenge, but our study distances itself from an economic viewpoint that might measure the success of a festival in terms of marketing, to contemplate its “social profitability.” From this perspective, we ask ourselves through which channels and to what extent are rural film festivals linked into the community. The results showed that, despite the vulnerability of the sector, these festivals represent an opportunity for links with the local area, social cohesiveness, and the revitalization of socio-cultural activities.Esta investigación se centra en los festivales de cine que en España toman como referente el mundo rural. El estudio presenta una aproximación de conjunto a un fenómeno emergente. La perspectiva de análisis adoptada otorga centralidad al concepto de “función social”, para entender qué valores añadidos aportan este tipo de festivales especializados en temáticas rurales, especialmente en relación con los retos que hoy en día presenta la despoblación. Se recurre principalmente a la metodología cualitativa, basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas con las personas que los dirigen o gestionan, con el apoyo documental procedente de las propias páginas webs y el rastreo de la huella digital en las webs y las redes sociales. Promover y financiar un festival de cine rural supone, cuanto menos, un reto de carácter social y organizativo, pero este estudio se aleja de la visión economicista, que mediría el éxito de un festival en términos de mercadeo, para contemplar su “rentabilidad social”. Desde esta perspectiva nos preguntamos a través de qué canales se vinculan con la ciudadanía y hasta qué punto. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de la vulnerabilidad del sector, representan una oportunidad para la vinculación con el territorio, la cohesión social y la revitalización del espacio sociocultural

Effects of soil contamination by trace elements on white poplar progeny: seed germination and seedling vigour

11 páginas.-- 2 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 62 referencias.-- Electronic supplementary material in the online version of this article (doi:10.​1007/​s10661-015-4893-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Seed germination is considered a critical phase in plant development and relatively sensitive to heavy metals. White poplar (Populus alba) trees tend to accumulate Cd and Zn in their tissues. We tested if soil contamination can affect P. alba progeny, reduced seed germination and explored the distribution of mineral elements in the seed. For this purpose, fruits and seeds from female P. alba trees were selected from two contaminated and one non-contaminated areas. Seeds from all the sites were germinated using only water or a nutritive solution (in vitro). Concentrations of nutrients and trace elements in the fruits and seeds were analysed. Seedling growth in vitro was also analysed. Finally, a mapping of different elements within the poplar seed was obtained by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Germination was similar between different progenies, refuting our hypothesis that seeds from a contaminated origin would have reduced germination capacity compared to those from a non-contaminated site. Seedling growth was not affected by the contaminated origin. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in fruits produced by P. alba trees in the contaminated sites were higher than by those from the non-contaminated site. However, the nutritional status of the trees was adequate in both cases. Cd in seedlings was higher in those from contaminated soils although lower than in fruits, indicating a certain exclusion from seeds. Preliminary results of the PIXE technique showed that Al and Zn were distributed uniformly in the seeds (Cd was not detected with this technique), while the nutrients P and S were concentrated in the cotyledons.We thank JM Alegre for helping in the field work and Patricia Puente for helping in the lab work.We thank the National Accelerator Centre (CNA) of Seville for the analytical facilities. This study was supported by CGL2011-30285-C02 project, funded by the CICYT of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and European FEDER funds.Peer reviewe

Application of innovative teaching-learning methodologies in the classroom. Coaching, flipped-classroom and gamification. A case study of success

[EN] The new teaching techniques based on avant-garde methodologies aimed at enhancing student learning are being promoted at all levels of education for a few decades, integrating the significant advances that are taking place in different scientific disciplines, including from the areas of psychology basic and group up to the most effective techniques of talent management and organizations.In the present work, we review the teaching-learning techniques and methodologies that we consider most efficient at present, with examples that show their suitability for current teaching. The application and effectiveness of coaching and gamification techniques and the innovative pedagogical strategies integrated in the so-called flipped classroom are analyzed. The results obtained with the application of these methodologies allow us to conclude that the analyzed pedagogical tools are ideal to increase the learning capacities and personal development of the students.Gómez-Ejerique, C.; López-Cantos, F. (2019). Application of innovative teaching-learning methodologies in the classroom. Coaching, flipped-classroom and gamification. A case study of success. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences. 6(1):46-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2019.9959SWORD467061Albrecht, C.S. (2012). The game of Happiness. Gamification of positive activity interventions. Maastricht University. Maastricht, The Netherlands.Baker, J. W. (2000). "The classroom flip: Using web course management tools to become the guide by the side." Selected Papers from the 11th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning. 2000.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.BBVA Innovation Edge (2012). Gamificación, el negocio de la diversión, 3, 1- 65.Bruns, B. and Luque, J.. (2014). Profesores Excelentes: Cómo mejorar el aprendizaje en América Latina y el Caribe. Washington, DC: World Bank.Chi, M., Glaser, R. and Farr, M. (1988). The Nature of Expertise. Ed. L. Erlbaum Associates.Chorney, Alan I. (2012). "Taking the game out of gamification", Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management, 8, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5931/djim.v8i1.242Claxton, G. (2008). What's the point of school? Rediscovering the heart of education. Oxford: Oneworld.Diaz, J. and Troyano, Y. (2013). "El pontencial de la gamificación aplicado al ámbito educativo", III Jornadas de Innovación Docente. Innovación Educativa: respuesta en tiempos de incertidumbre. University of Sevilla.Esquivias Serrano, M. (2004). "Creatividad: definiciones, antecedentes y aportaciones", Revista Digital Universitaria, 1 (5).Gros, B. (2007). Videojuegos y aprendizaje. Barcelona: Graó.Hargreaves, D. (2004-2006). Personalising Learning. Pamphlet, Series. London: Specialist Schools Trust.Harvard Business Essentials (2005). Coaching y Mentoring: cómo desarrollar el talento de alto nivel y conseguir mejores resultados. Barcelona: Editiones Deusto.Kapp, K. (2012). The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-Based Methods and Strategies for Training and Education. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207270.2211316Neisser, U. (1976). Psicología Cognoscitiva. Editorial Trillas: México.Padilla, S.; Halley, F. and Chantler, J.C. (2011). "Improving Product Browsing whilst Engaging Users", Digital Engagement, 11, 15-17.Pérez Rodríguez, P. M. (2004). "Revisión de las teorías del aprendizaje más sobresalientes del siglo XX", Tiempo de Educar, 10 (5), julio-diciembre, 2004, pp. 39-76.Prieto Gil, A. (2010). «La pirámide del Aprendizaje». E-Innova BUCM.Piaget, J. (1968). Genetic Epistemology. Columbia University Press. USA.Rogers, C. (1961). El proceso de convertirse en persona. Buenos Aires: Ed. Paidós.Sams, A., Bergmann, J. et al. (2014). Flipped Learning Network (FLN). The Four Pillars of F-L-I-P.Strayer, J. (2014). "How Learning in an Inverted Classroom Influences Cooperation, Innovation and Task Orientation", Learning Environments Research 15.2, 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4Wang, Q. (2012). "Coaching for Learning: Exploring Coaching Psychology in Enquiry-Based Learning and Development of Learning Power in Secondary Education', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 177-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.397Wolk, L. (2007). Coaching: el arte de soplar brasas. Buenos Aires: Gran Aldea Editores GAE.Zichermann, G. and Cunningham, C. (2011). Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps. Cambridge, MA: O'Reilly Medi

The Impact of School Heads’ Technology Leadership on Teachers’ Technological Proficiency and Academic Optimism

The adoption, integration, and use of technology in the classroom should be planned by school leaders and teachers, who should also arm themselves with the newest technological developments. This study was designed to determine the impact of school heads’ technology leadership to teachers’ instructional innovation and academic optimism during the COVID-19 period. The study utilized a quantitative research design and a descriptive-correlational research method and was confined among 31 school heads and 651 teachers in Candelaria East and West Districts during the S.Y. 2021-2022. The survey-questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher and validated by research practitioners and experts, was the primary data gathering tool. From the findings, it was deduced that there is no significant difference between the perception of the elementary and secondary teachers on the school head’s technology leadership, teachers’ technological proficiency, and teachers’ academic optimism. It revealed that the social, legal, and ethical issues; and the leadership and vision significantly predict the teachers’ technological proficiency while the social, legal, and ethical issues; leadership and vision; productivity and professional practice and support; and management, operations, and finance significantly predict the teachers’ academic optimism. In light of the findings and conclusion, the study recommends that DepEd may include the nature and concept of digital citizenship in school management and leadership

Patterns of variability of retinol levels in a harbour porpoise population from an unpolluted environment

Organochlorine compounds (OC) are known to induce vitamin A (retinoids) deficiency in mammals, which may be associated with impairment of immunocompetence, reproduction and growth. This makes retinoids a potentially useful biomarker of organochlorine impact on marine mammals. However, use of retinoids as a biomarker requires knowledge about its intrapopulation patterns of variation in natural conditions, information which is not currently available. We investigated these patterns in a cetacean population living in an unpolluted environment. 100 harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from West Greenland were sampled during the 1995 hunting season. Sex, age, morphometrics, nutritive condition, and retinol (following saponification) and OC levels in blubber were determined for each individual. OC levels found were extremely low and therefore considered unlikely to affect the population adversely: mean blubber concentrations, expressed on an extractable basis, were 2.04 (SD = 1.1) ppm for PCBs and 2.76 (SD = 1.66) ppm for tDDT. The mean blubber retinol concentration for the overall population was 59.66 (SD = 45.26) mu g g(-1). Taking into account the high contribution of blubber to body mass, blubber constitutes a significant body site for retinoid deposition in harbour porpoises. Retinol concentrations did not differ significantly between geographical regions or sexes, but they did correlate significantly (p <0.001) with age. Body condition, measured by determining the lipid content of the blubber, did not have a significant effect on retinol levels but the individuals examined were considered to be in an overall good nutritive condition. It is concluded that measurement of retinol concentrations in blubber samples is feasible and has a potential for use as a biomarker of organochlorine exposure in cetaceans. However, in order to do so, biological information, particularly age, is critical for the correct assessment of physiological impac

Protection and reversion role of a pure stilbene extract from grapevine shoot and its major compounds against an induced oxidative stress

Sulfur dioxide is a controversial preservative used in winemaking. Given its potential toxicity, it is of great interest to find alternatives aimed at replacing or reducing sulfur dioxide. The objective was to assess the antioxidant effects of a grapevine-shoot extract with 99% of stilbenes (ST-99), its major compounds (trans-resveratrol and trans-?-viniferin) and their mixture (1:3.9) by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro. Their ability to protect against or reverse the effects of H2O2 on cells were also studied. The results showed that ST-99, followed by trans-ε-viniferin and the mixture, were able to reduce ROS levels, increased GSH content and exhibited antioxidant ability against an induced oxidative stress. Trans-resveratrol significantly reduced ROS content only at the highest concentrations. ST-99 at non-cytotoxic concentrations is more effective than the other compounds, which might be attributed to increased levels of GSH. The results suggest a promising use of ST-99.Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovatio

New formulation of an old drug in hypertension treatment: the sustained release of captopril from cyclodextrin nanoparticles

Captopril (CAP) was the first angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to be developed and is widely used in hypertension treatment. On the other hand, cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides whose cone-shaped cavity allows formation of noncovalent inclusion complexes with appropriately sized guest molecules, thus modifying guest physical, chemical, and biological properties. Herein, the physicochemical characterization and in vivo ACE inhibition evaluation of seven CAP/CD complexes are reported. The inclusion complexes were prepared by spray-drying, freeze-drying, kneading, or lyophilization methods and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. In vivo assays compared CAP and CAP/CD complex administration (0.5 mg kg−1 or 0.09 mg kg−1, n = 4–7) to evaluate the ACE inhibition by continuous infusion of angiotensin I (30 ng 50 μL−1 min−1) in conscious Wistar rats. The physicochemical analysis demonstrated complete amorphization and complexation between CAP and CDs, indicating the substitution of water molecules inside the CD cavity with CAP. During the infusion of angiotensin I, the administration of all CAP/CD complexes induced a reduction in mean arterial pressure similar to that observed upon CAP administration. The nanoparticles obtained by the kneading method (CAP/α-CD:KM) showed a potent and long-lasting inhibitory activity (∼22 hours) on the angiotensin I pressor effect. The results suggest that the inclusion complex of CAP and α-CD can function as a novel antihypertensive formulation that may improve therapeutic use of CAP by reducing its oral dose administration to once per day, thus providing better quality of life for almost 25% of the world’s population who suffer from hypertension