54 research outputs found

    Wie glücklich sind Deutschlands Kinder? Eine glückspsychologische Studie im Auftrag des ZDF

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    "Die jüngere Kindheitsforschung würdigt Kinder als Subjekte ihrer Lebenswelt. Zu ihrer Subjektivität zählen auch und gerade die Emotionen, nicht nur 'negative', die in der Emotionspsychologie häufiger untersucht wurden, sondern auch - wie von der Positiven Psychologie akzentuiert - die positiven, speziell Glück und Wohlbefinden. Anlässlich zehn Jahre Tabaluga-TV gab das ZDF einen Survey zum Kindheitsglück in Auftrag. 1239 Kinder, zwischen sechs und 13 Jahre alt, wurden professionell und differenziert befragt, wie glücklich ihre Kindheit war, wie wohl sie sich bei ihren diversen Tätigkeiten, Bezugspersonen und an ihren Aufenthaltsorten fühlen. Anders als der pessimistische Kindheitsdiskurs insinuiert, bilanzieren die meisten Kinder ihr bisheriges Leben als glücklich. Mit zahlreichen Tätigkeitsvariablen wurde versucht, so viel Varianz des subjektiv eingeschätzten Kindheitsglücks zu erklären." (Autorenreferat)"Resent research on childhood acknowledges children as individuals with their own reality. As part of this subjective reality, emotions play an important role: not only negative emotions, as often studies in emotion psychology, but also positive emotion, such as happiness and well being, as emphasized in positive psychology. On the occasion of ten years of 'Tabaluga TV' the ZDF commissioned a survey on the happiness of German children. 1239 children aged between six and thirteen years were surveyed about their perceived happiness during their childhood, and how comfortable they felt with their activities, caregivers, and whereabouts. In contrast to a pessimistic discourse on childhood, children drew a happy picture of their life up to now. The authors tried to explain the variance in the subjective assessments of childhood happiness by several activity indicators." (author's abstract

    Coherent diffraction of single Rice Dwarf virus particles using hard X-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source

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    Single particle diffractive imaging data from Rice Dwarf Virus (RDV) were recorded using the Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). RDV was chosen as it is a wellcharacterized model system, useful for proof-of-principle experiments, system optimization and algorithm development. RDV, an icosahedral virus of about 70 nm in diameter, was aerosolized and injected into the approximately 0.1 mu m diameter focused hard X-ray beam at the CXI instrument of LCLS. Diffraction patterns from RDV with signal to 5.9 angstrom ngstrom were recorded. The diffraction data are available through the Coherent X-ray Imaging Data Bank (CXIDB) as a resource for algorithm development, the contents of which are described here.11Ysciescopu

    Empirische Religionspädagogik und Praktische Theologie : Metareflexionen, innovative Forschungsmethoden und aktuelle Befunde aus Projekten der Sektion „Empirische Religionspädagogik“ der AKRK

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    Der Sammelband stellt in insgesamt 20 Beiträgen Metareflexionen, innovative Forschungsmethoden und aktuelle Befunde aus Projekten der AKRK-Sektion "Empirische Religionspädagogik" vor. 19 Autorinnen und Autoren aus verschiedenen Ländern und Sparten der Theologie haben hieran mitgewirkt, auch um weitere empirisch fundierte Forschungsarbeiten anzuregen

    Tight associations between transcription promoter type and epigenetic variation in histone positioning and modification

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    Abstract Background Transcription promoters are fundamental genomic cis-elements controlling gene expression. They can be classified into two types by the degree of imprecision of their transcription start sites: peak promoters, which initiate transcription from a narrow genomic region; and broad promoters, which initiate transcription from a wide-ranging region. Eukaryotic transcription initiation is suggested to be associated with the genomic positions and modifications of nucleosomes. For instance, it has been recently shown that histone with H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) is more likely to be distributed around broad promoters rather than peak promoters; it can thus be inferred that there is an association between histone H3K9 and promoter architecture. Results Here, we performed a systematic analysis of transcription promoters and gene expression, as well as of epigenetic histone behaviors, including genomic position, stability within the chromatin, and several modifications. We found that, in humans, broad promoters, but not peak promoters, generally had significant associations with nucleosome positioning and modification. Specifically, around broad promoters histones were highly distributed and aligned in an orderly fashion. This feature was more evident with histones that were methylated or acetylated; moreover, the nucleosome positions around the broad promoters were more stable than those around the peak ones. More strikingly, the overall expression levels of genes associated with broad promoters (but not peak promoters) with modified histones were significantly higher than the levels of genes associated with broad promoters with unmodified histones. Conclusion These results shed light on how epigenetic regulatory networks of histone modifications are associated with promoter architecture

    Coherent soft X-ray diffraction imaging of coliphage PR772 at the Linac coherent light source

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    Single-particle diffraction from X-ray Free Electron Lasers offers the potential for molecular structure determination without the need for crystallization. In an effort to further develop the technique, we present a dataset of coherent soft X-ray diffraction images of Coliphage PR772 virus, collected at the Atomic Molecular Optics (AMO) beamline with pnCCD detectors in the LAMP instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source. The diameter of PR772 ranges from 65–70 nm, which is considerably smaller than the previously reported ~600 nm diameter Mimivirus. This reflects continued progress in XFEL-based single-particle imaging towards the single molecular imaging regime. The data set contains significantly more single particle hits than collected in previous experiments, enabling the development of improved statistical analysis, reconstruction algorithms, and quantitative metrics to determine resolution and self-consistency

    Intergenerational impacts of maternal mortality: Qualitative findings from rural Malawi

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    Background: Maternal mortality, although largely preventable, remains unacceptably high in developing countries such as Malawi and creates a number of intergenerational impacts. Few studies have investigated the far-reaching impacts of maternal death beyond infant survival. This study demonstrates the short- and long-term impacts of maternal death on children, families, and the community in order to raise awareness of the true costs of maternal mortality and poor maternal health care in Neno, a rural and remote district in Malawi. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted to assess the impact of maternal mortality on child, family, and community well-being. We conducted 20 key informant interviews, 20 stakeholder interviews, and six sex-stratified focus group discussions in the seven health centers that cover the district. Transcripts were translated, coded, and analyzed in NVivo 10. Results: Participants noted a number of far-reaching impacts on orphaned children, their new caretakers, and extended families following a maternal death. Female relatives typically took on caregiving responsibilities for orphaned children, regardless of the accompanying financial hardship and frequent lack of familial or governmental support. Maternal death exacerbated children’s vulnerabilities to long-term health and social impacts related to nutrition, education, employment, early partnership, pregnancy, and caretaking. Impacts were particularly salient for female children who were often forced to take on the majority of the household responsibilities. Participants cited a number of barriers to accessing quality child health care or support services, and many were unaware of programming available to assist them in raising orphaned children or how to access these services. Conclusions: In order to both reduce preventable maternal mortality and diminish the impacts on children, extended families, and communities, our findings highlight the importance of financing and implementing universal access to emergency obstetric and neonatal care, and contraception, as well as social protection programs, including among remote populations

    The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

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    ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 161626 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008

    Convergence of religiosity and freedom? - A plea for an open ending

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    Verträgt sich das Anliegen von Bildung, die Autonomie anzielt, mit Religiosität? Hat - im Gegenteil - Religion Bildung von Autonomie nicht immer wieder verhindert? In diesem Aufsatz wird unter Bezugnahme auf eine strukturgenetische Entwicklungstheorie des religiösen Urteils gezeigt, daß Religiosität Autonomie nicht verunmöglicht. Zumal auf der höchsten Stufe dieser Entwicklung, die neu zu beschreiben versucht wird, bedingen sich Autonomie und Religiosität. Zugleich wird in diesem Beitrag die angesprochene Entwicklungstheorie des religiösen Urteils kurz präsentiert. Unter Bezugnahme auf biographische Studien werden zentrale Merkmale religiöser Bildung aufgezeigt und nicht zuletzt Fragen wie die nach der Universalität des Religiösen und die nach dem Stellenwert atheistischer Haltungen innerhalb der religiösen Entwicklung reflektiert. (DIPF/Orig.)Is autonomy as an objective of education compatible with religiosity\u27? Or has religion, on the contrary, always impeded the development of autonomy? On the basis of a structural-genetic developmental theory of religious judgement, the authors show that religiosity does not exclude autonomy. Especially on the highest stage of this development, of which a new description is attempted, autonomy and religiousness presuppose one another. Furthermore, a short outline of the theory of the development of religious judgement mentioned above is given. With reference to biographical studies, basic characteristics of religious education are described and, not least, questions concerning the universality of the religious or the relative importance of atheist attitudes within religious development are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.
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