678 research outputs found
Convolutional Neural Networks for Epileptic Seizure Prediction
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and an accurate forecast of
seizures would help to overcome the patient's uncertainty and helplessness. In
this contribution, we present and discuss a novel methodology for the
classification of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) for seizure
prediction. Contrary to previous approaches, we categorically refrain from an
extraction of hand-crafted features and use a convolutional neural network
(CNN) topology instead for both the determination of suitable signal
characteristics and the binary classification of preictal and interictal
segments. Three different models have been evaluated on public datasets with
long-term recordings from four dogs and three patients. Overall, our findings
demonstrate the general applicability. In this work we discuss the strengths
and limitations of our methodology.Comment: accepted for MLESP 201
Leistungen des ökologischen Landbaus für Umwelt und Gesellschaft - Kontext, Zielsetzung und Vorgehen
Obwohl die Umweltauswirkungen des ökologischen Landbaus wissenschaftlich und politisch allgemein anerkannt sind, gibt es immer noch unterschiedliche Ansichten, wie der Beitrag des ökologischen Landbaus zur Lösung der Umwelt- und Ressourcenprobleme unserer Zeit bewertet werden kann. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Hintergrund und Inhalt dieser Debatte und beschreibt den Ansatz zur Analyse des aktuellen Forschungsstandes
Critical temperature of an anisotropic superconductor containing both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities
The combined effect of both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities on the
superconducting transition temperature is studied theoretically within the BCS
model. An expression for the critical temperature as a function of potential
and spin-flip scattering rates is derived for a two-dimensional superconductor
with arbitrary in-plane anisotropy of the superconducting order parameter,
ranging from isotropic s-wave to d-wave (or any pairing state with nonzero
angular momentum) and including anisotropic s-wave and mixed (d+s)-wave as
particular cases. This expression generalizes the well-known Abrikosov-Gor'kov
formula for the critical temperature of impure superconductors. The effect of
defects and impurities in high temperature superconductors is discussed.Comment: 4 eps figure
Affective regulation of cognitive-control adjustments in remitted depressive patients after acute tryptophan depletion
Negative affect in healthy populations regulates the appraisal of demanding situations, which tunes subsequent effort mobilization and adjustments in cognitive control. In the present study, we hypothesized that dysphoria in depressed individuals similarly modulates this adaptation, possibly through a neural mechanism involving serotonergic regulation. We tested the effect of dysphoria induced by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) in remitted depressed patients on conflict adaptation in a Simon task. ATD temporarily lowers the availability of the serotonin precursor L-Tryptophan and is known to increase depressive symptoms in approximately half of remitted depressed participants. We found that depressive symptoms induced by ATD were associated with increased conflict adaptation. Our finding extends recent observations implying an important role of affect in regulating conflict-driven cognitive control
The Caenorhabditis elegans Gene mfap-1 Encodes a Nuclear Protein That Affects Alternative Splicing
RNA splicing is a major regulatory mechanism for controlling eukaryotic gene expression. By generating various splice isoforms from a single pre–mRNA, alternative splicing plays a key role in promoting the evolving complexity of metazoans. Numerous splicing factors have been identified. However, the in vivo functions of many splicing factors remain to be understood. In vivo studies are essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of RNA splicing and the biology of numerous RNA splicing-related diseases. We previously isolated a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant defective in an essential gene from a genetic screen for suppressors of the rubberband Unc phenotype of unc-93(e1500) animals. This mutant contains missense mutations in two adjacent codons of the C. elegans microfibrillar-associated protein 1 gene mfap-1. mfap-1(n4564 n5214) suppresses the Unc phenotypes of different rubberband Unc mutants in a pattern similar to that of mutations in the splicing factor genes uaf-1 (the C. elegans U2AF large subunit gene) and sfa-1 (the C. elegans SF1/BBP gene). We used the endogenous gene tos-1 as a reporter for splicing and detected increased intron 1 retention and exon 3 skipping of tos-1 transcripts in mfap-1(n4564 n5214) animals. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we isolated splicing factors as potential MFAP-1 interactors. Our studies indicate that C. elegans mfap-1 encodes a splicing factor that can affect alternative splicing.National Natural Science Foundation (China) (Grant 30971639)United States. National Institutes of Health (Grant GM24663
Feasibility studies of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors at PANDA at FAIR
Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form
factors at \PANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported.
The statistical precision with which the proton form factors can be determined
is estimated. The signal channel is studied on the basis
of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main
background channel, , is studied.
Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and
systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated
using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a
previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a
slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range
of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector
performance
First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data
Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of
continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a
fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters
obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signalto-
noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch
between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have
been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a
fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of
11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial
outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal.
Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of
the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for
the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the
spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried
out so far
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Analysis of the African coelacanth genome sheds light on tetrapod evolution
It was a zoological sensation when a living specimen of the coelacanth was first discovered in 1938, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have gone extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features . Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain, and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues demonstrate the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution
Seizure prediction : ready for a new era
Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge colleagues in the international seizure prediction group for valuable discussions. L.K. acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1130468) and the James S. McDonnell Foundation (220020419) and acknowledges the contribution of Dean R. Freestone at the University of Melbourne, Australia, to the creation of Fig. 3.Peer reviewedPostprin
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