Effects of reinforcements on the preservation of paintings on work panel

To evaluate reinforcement design, this thesis combines observations on panel paintings, interviews with panel specialists, conservation records, and deformation analyses of constructed mock-ups of thinned panels bearing a selection of reinforcements. Reinforcements were reviewed, classified, and damaging effects discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of attitudes toward flattening of panel paintings. Mock-up surface deformations were then recorded during controlled changes in relative humidity (RH) using digital photogrammetry, moiré fringe analysis, and raking-light photography. Results for unreinforced panels emphasised that wood movement causes deformations, not just in the transverse- grain direction, but in three dimensions, which must interact with reinforcement. A consistent pattern of overall panel warp was shown which decreases in rate and amplitude with increasing panel thickness, including considerable warp parallel to the grain, heretofore ignored. Important results for reinforced mock-ups showed that during changes in RH, in-plane restraint by reinforcements such as laminates or battens fixed to the panel back causes bending in the opposite sense to that in which warp would occur in an unreinforced panel. For relatively rigid and sliding reinforcements, in-plane movement in the transverse-grain direction at the panel surface appears to be increased by restraining warp in a flat plane. Use of more flexible reinforcements should reduce associated stresses. For cradled panels, a pattern of strain exists on the coated side which corresponds with cradle structure. Combining this information with recorded out-of-plane deformations and examples of panel paintings with cradled- related damages, "washboarding" and related deterioration were explained in more detail than before. Reported twists or concave deformations soon after lamination with balsa and wax-resin adhesive/mortar are attributed to contraction during cooling and solidification of molten wax-resin. Design improvements are suggested such as encouraging use of more flexible reinforcements. Marking their first application to art conservation and in particular to analysis of panel painting deformations, digital photogrammetry and moiré fringe analysis were shown to be very suitable techniques

Premature ejaculation: therapist perspectives

Premature Ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual dysfunction affecting approximately 20-30% of men (Porst, et al., 2007). Despite important issues relating to PE definition, diagnosis, and therapy, there is a paucity of research investigating the experiences of practitioners delivering PE treatment. For the present study, interviews were conducted with eight Psychosexual Therapists and subjected to Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Four master themes emerged from the analysis. These were Romantic Relationships, Vulnerability, Culture, and Diagnosis and Assessment. The Romantic Relationships theme included three sub-themes: Intimacy; Involvement; and Distress. Two sub-themes formed the Vulnerability theme: Self-Esteem; and Anxiety. The Culture theme contained three sub-themes: Religion and Ethnicity; Pornography; and Masculinity. The Diagnosis and Assessment theme included two sub-themes: Referral and Definitions. Findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of PE. Future research should investigate therapist perceptions further, including those factors which impact on engagement with clients and PE treatment success

Mechanical response of self-ion irradiated, single crystal, FCC micropillars

Increasing energy demands and regulations on cleaner and more efficient energy sources has reinvigorated research into next generation nuclear reactors. The safe and optimal operation of the various proposed reactors requires the cladding and structural metals to perform under a combination of extreme environments including radiation damage levels \u3e100 dpa. This presentation will highlight a rapid screening technique developed at Sandia National Laboratories to determine the relative merit of implementing various advanced structural alloys and composites in high radiation environments. In addition to an overview of the technique and the wealth of alloy systems it has been applied to, this presentation will focus on the detailed mechanisms that can be elucidated from the micropillar compression of ion irradiated single crystal copper and nickel. Single crystal Cu micropillars self-ion irradiated up to 190 dpa at the end of range were compressed along the \u3c110\u3e to 10% strain. To elucidate the interaction of different length scales on the mechanical response, three specimen configurations were explored: large 10 μm tall, intermediate 5 μm tall, and small 4 μm tall pillars. In a similar manner, pristine and self-ion irradiated \u3c111\u3e Ni pillars were subject to in-situ microcompression in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). By performing these experiments during real time SEM observation a direct correlation between the mechanical responses and the pillars’ structural evolution can be obtained. Specifically, the dynamics resulting from the defect free channel formation and subsequent localization can be associated with heterogeneous plastic flow. This presentation will highlight the multiple length scale effects that are active during the micropillar compression of self-ion irradiated, single crystal, FCC micropillars. These results will be discussed in the context of an end of range effect, a damage gradient effect, and size effects, as well as compared to other small scale mechanical testing methods of ion and neutron irradiated materials. Finally, the benefits and limitations of applying these methods to rapidly screen advanced materials for potential future nuclear reactor applications will be discussed. This study is supported by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000

Athlete experiences of disordered eating in sport

To date, research into disordered eating in sport has focused on the prevalence and the identification of putative risk factors. Findings suggest that elite female athletes participating in sports with a focus on leanness or aesthetics are at greatest risk. A paucity of research remains as to the period after onset and how existing sufferers manage their illness over time. In line with the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), this study 'gives voice' to four athletes who have experienced disordered eating, documenting their personal accounts and interpreting these accounts from a psychological perspective. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and verbatim transcripts were analysed according to the procedures of IPA. Three superordinate themes emerged from the data: the struggle to disclose, social support needs and identity challenges. Athletes' stories provided rich descriptions of their subjective disordered eating experiences. Their accounts give critical insight into the impact of eating disturbance on the lives of athletes. Future research should continue to identify athletes with existing eating problems in order to improve understanding as to how such individuals can best be helped

Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment

Introduction: Adolescent vaping remains a problem in the United States, yet little is known about what health warning themes most discourage vaping among adolescents. We sought to identify the most compelling themes for vaping warnings for US adolescents. Methods: Participants were a national probability sample of 623 US adolescents aged 13-17 years, recruited in the summer of 2020. Adolescents were randomized to one of the five warning message themes about the potential health effects of vaping: 1. chemical harms, 2. lung harms, 3. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) harms, 4. nicotine addiction, or 5. control (messages about vape litter). The primary outcome was perceived message effectiveness (PME; 3-item scale). Secondary outcomes were negative affect (fear), attention, anticipated social interactions, and message novelty. Results: Adolescents rated the chemical, lung, and COVID-19 harms warning messages higher on PME than nicotine addiction and control (all p <. 05), while nicotine addiction was rated higher than control (p <. 05). The chemical, lung, and COVID-19 harms warning themes also elicited greater negative affect than nicotine addiction and control (all p <. 05). For all other secondary outcomes, the COVID-19 harms warning message theme was rated higher than nicotine addiction and control (all p <. 05). Conclusion: Adolescents perceived warning message themes about lung, chemical and COVID-19 health effects of vaping as more effective than nicotine addiction. To discourage vaping, the FDA and others should communicate to youth about the health effects of vaping beyond nicotine addiction. Implications: Adolescents rated warning message themes about the lung, chemical, and COVID-19 health effects of vaping as more effective than nicotine addiction, while nicotine addiction was rated as more effective than control themes about vaping litter. To discourage vaping among adolescents, health messaging should expand message themes to communicate about a broader set of health effects of vaping beyond nicotine addiction

Melting and Dimensionality of the Vortex Lattice in Underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.60

Muon spin rotation measurements of the magnetic field distribution in the vortex state of the oxygen deficient high-Tc superconductor YBa{2}Cu{3}O{6.60} reveal a vortex-lattice melting transition at much lower temperature than that in the fully oxygenated material. The transition is best described by a model in which adjacent layers of ``pancake'' vortices decouple in the liquid phase. Evidence is also found for a pinning-induced crossover from a solid 3D to quasi-2D vortex lattice, similar to that observed in the highly anisotropic superconductor Bi{2+x}Sr{2-x}CaCu{2}O{8+y}.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 5 postscript file

Optimizing real time fMRI neurofeedback for therapeutic discovery and development

While reducing the burden of brain disorders remains a top priority of organizations like the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health, the development of novel, safe and effective treatments for brain disorders has been slow. In this paper, we describe the state of the science for an emerging technology, real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback, in clinical neurotherapeutics. We review the scientific potential of rtfMRI and outline research strategies to optimize the development and application of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a next generation therapeutic tool. We propose that rtfMRI can be used to address a broad range of clinical problems by improving our understanding of brain–behavior relationships in order to develop more specific and effective interventions for individuals with brain disorders. We focus on the use of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a clinical neurotherapeutic tool to drive plasticity in brain function, cognition, and behavior. Our overall goal is for rtfMRI to advance personalized assessment and intervention approaches to enhance resilience and reduce morbidity by correcting maladaptive patterns of brain function in those with brain disorders

Impacto da adubação orgânica sobre a incidência de tripes em cebola.

Analisou-se a relação entre adubação orgânica e a incidência de Thrips tabaci Lind. em cebola (Allium cepa L), na EE de Ituporanga,entre agosto e dezembro de 1998. Os tratamentos foram determinados de acordo com a necessidade de N para a cultura pela análise de solo. Empregou-se como fonte orgânica diversos adubos fornecendo 75 Kg/ha de N (esterco suíno; adubo Barriga Verde proveniente de esterco de aves; composto orgânico; esterco de peru; húmus); 37,5 Kg/ha de N (metade da dose normal com esterco de suíno); as testemunhas foram adubação mineral fornecendo 30-120-60 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O e o dobro da dose (60-240-120 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O); e testemunha sem adubação. Nenhum tratamento apresentou incidência de T. tabaci superior à testemunha sem adubo. A adubação mineral em relação à orgânica não favoreceu significativamente a incidência de T. tabaci . O processo de conversão do manejo do solo da área experimental de convencional para orgânico pode ter favorecido a infestação similar do inseto entre tratamentos. No período de maior incidência de T. tabaci, a relação com nutrientes foi descrita por um modelo envolvendo K/Zn, B e N de maneira positiva. A correlação entre nutrientes e T. tabaci não foi linear na maioria das avaliações. A adubação orgânica pode substituir a adubação mineral na cultura da cebola, pois foi possível atingir níveis de produtividade similares para ambos tratamentos

M2K. II. A triple-planet system orbiting HIP 57274

Doppler observations from Keck Observatory have revealed a triple-planet system orbiting the nearby K4V star, HIP 57274. The inner planet, HIP 57274b, is a super-Earth with Msin i = 11.6 M ⊕ (0.036M Jup), an orbital period of 8.135 0.004 days, and slightly eccentric orbit e = 0.19 0.1. We calculate a transit probability of 6.5% for the inner planet. The second planet has Msin i = 0.4M Jup with an orbital period of 32.0 0.02 days in a nearly circular orbit (e = 0.05 0.03). The third planet has Msin i = 0.53M Jup with an orbital period of 432 8 days (1.18 years) and an eccentricity e = 0.23 0.03. This discovery adds to the number of super-Earth mass planets with M sin i &lt; 12 M ⊕ that have been detected with Doppler surveys. We find that 56% 18% of super-Earths are members of multi-planet systems. This is certainly a lower limit because of observational detectability limits, yet significantly higher than the fraction of Jupiter mass exoplanets, 20% 8%, that are members of Doppler-detected, multi-planet systems

Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications

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