Carcross/Tagish First Nation Water Governance: Remembering the Way

Carcross/Tagish First Nation (C/TFN) governs their traditional lands via self-determination, sovereign rights, and modern treaties. C/TFN’s Traditional Territory is comprised of a vast amount of water. As stewards, C/TFN continues to maintain sacred, and reciprocal relationships between land and water, within a cosmology (Ha Kus Teyea) which does not perceive a separation between people, land, and water. Current western-developed, and settler-territorial governance models do not align with C/TFN's worldview and knowledge system. C/TFN is thus developing a land and water governance model that spans Traditional Territory and is guided by C/TFN members’ worldviews, knowledges, and practices. To support this model, this research used a sequential mixed methodology to investigate how policy spaces emerge for a sovereign and culturally guided land and water governance system for decision making within C/TFN Traditional Territories. By scoping review to catalog current practices specific to Indigenous governance; interviewing community knowledge keepers; and, reflecting on personal experience, three shortcomings specific to the governance of land and water were revealed: 1) in all cultures, there exists sacred teachings that need to be acknowledged and respected; 2) the colonial assertion of allodial title does not respect Indigenous culture; and, 3) to sustain the environment for future generations, the foundations of current worldviews need to be revaluated. Recognizing these shortcomings three conclusions were presented: 1) C/TFN is the inherent right holder of both it’s land and water since land and water is an integral component of C/TFN culture; 2) sovereignty over C/TFN’s land and water is a constitutional right; and, 3) C/TFN should hold shared-decision making authority instituted by collaborative legislation. In order to uphold C/TFN’s constitutional rights, western governments must break down the allodial title argument and accept C/TFN’s worldview that articulates a relationship and interdependency with land and water, not ownership. When the allodial title argument is dismantled, current governance structure can then be adapted to reflect Indigenous worldview in practice. At this time, indigenization will not be complete but C/TFN will be in a position to support their relationship and interdependency with land and water and sustain C/TFN culture. In this time of indigenization, the cultural practices that have worked to sustain Indigenous people for centuries must be considered

The Case for Humane Education in Social Work Education

Humane education is a form of education focusing on the intersectionality between human rights, environmental preservation, and animal protection. It is a solution-focused discipline striving for a healthier world for people, the environment, and animals. The argument throughout this banded dissertation is that humane education can potentially inform and collaborate with social work and social work education for expanding the ecological, person-inenvironment perspective to include the natural world and other living species. The first product is a conceptual article making the case that humane education is an inter-disciplinary bridge for helping social workers and educators continue to expand their definitions of environmental justice (eco-centrism) and human-animal relationships so that student ecological consciousness includes the welfare of humans, animals, and the broader ecosystem. The second product is research-based disseminating findings from interviews with social work educators and humane educators. Utilizing a qualitative research method, this exploratory study consisted of six semi-structured interviews exploring the similarities and differences between social work, social work education, and humane education. Three were conducted with social work faculty from the University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work’s Institute for Human-Animal Connection, and three with faculty from the Institute for Humane Education. The third product is a conceptual article making the case for humane education in social work education as an integration of the Christian faith tradition and social work. For Christian social workers and educators, additional arguments are made for humane education and social work education based on Biblical mandates that involve caring for God’s creation

The Case for Humane Education in Social Work Education

Humane education is a form of education focusing on the intersectionality between human rights, environmental preservation, and animal protection. It is a solution-focused discipline striving for a healthier world for people, the environment, and animals. The argument throughout this banded dissertation is that humane education can potentially inform and collaborate with social work and social work education for expanding the ecological, person-inenvironment perspective to include the natural world and other living species. The first product is a conceptual article making the case that humane education is an inter-disciplinary bridge for helping social workers and educators continue to expand their definitions of environmental justice (eco-centrism) and human-animal relationships so that student ecological consciousness includes the welfare of humans, animals, and the broader ecosystem. The second product is research-based disseminating findings from interviews with social work educators and humane educators. Utilizing a qualitative research method, this exploratory study consisted of six semi-structured interviews exploring the similarities and differences between social work, social work education, and humane education. Three were conducted with social work faculty from the University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work’s Institute for Human-Animal Connection, and three with faculty from the Institute for Humane Education. The third product is a conceptual article making the case for humane education in social work education as an integration of the Christian faith tradition and social work. For Christian social workers and educators, additional arguments are made for humane education and social work education based on Biblical mandates that involve caring for God’s creation

Semi-Mechanistic Modeling of Florfenicol Time-Kill Curves and in silico Dose Fractionation for Calf Respiratory Pathogens

An important application of time-kill curve (TKC) assays is determination of the nature of the best PK/PD index (fAUC/MIC or fT% > MIC) and its target value for predicting clinical efficacy in vivo. VetCAST (the veterinary subcommittee of EUCAST) herein presents semi-mechanistic TKC modeling for florfenicol, a long acting (96 h) veterinary antimicrobial drug licensed against calf pneumonia organisms (Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica) to support justification of its PK/PDbreakpoint and clinical breakpoint. Individual TKC assays were performed with 6 field strains of each pathogen (initial inoculum 107 CFU/mL with sampling at times at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h). Semi-mechanistic modeling (Phoenix NLME) allowed precise estimation of bacteria growth system (KGROWTH, natural growth rate; KDEATH, death rate; BMAX, maximum possible culture size) and florfenicol pharmacodynamic parameters (EMAX, efficacy additive to KDEATH; EC50, potency; Gamma, sensitivity). PK/PD simulations (using the present TKC model and parameters of a florfenicol population pharmacokinetic model) predicted the time-course of bacterial counts under different exposures. Of two licensed dosage regimens, 40 mg/kg administered once was predicted to be superior to 20 mg/kg administered at 48 h intervals. Furthermore, we performed in silico dose fractionation with doses 0 – 80 mg/kg administered in 1, 2 or 4 administrations over 96 h and for MICs of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/L with 2 inoculum sizes 105 and 107 CFU/mL. Regression analysis (Imax model) demonstrated that i) fAUC/MIC outperformed fT% > MIC as PK/PD index and ii) maximum efficacy (IC90%) was obtained when the average free plasma concentration over 96 h was equal to 1.2 to 1.4 times the MIC of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica, respectively

VetCAST method for determination of the pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic cut-off values of a long-acting formulation of florfenicol to support clinical breakpoints for florfenicol Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in cattle

The PK/PD cut-off (PK/PDCO ) value of florfenicol for calf pathogens was determined for long acting formulations (MSD Nuflor® and a bioequivalent generic product). PK/PDCO is one of the three MICs considered by VetCAST, a sub-committee of the European Committee on Susceptibility Testing, to establish a Clinical Breakpoint for interpreting Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. A population model was built by pooling three pharmacokinetic data sets, obtained from 50 richly sampled calves, receiving one of two formulations (the pioneer product and a generic formulation). A virtual population of 5000 florfenicol disposition curves was generated by Monte Carlo Simulations over the 96 h of the assumed duration of action of the formulations. From this population, the maximum predicted MIC, for which 90% of calves can achieve some a priori selected critical value for two PK/PD indices, AUC/MIC and T>MIC, was established. Numerical values were established for two bacterial species of the bovine respiratory disease complex, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. It was concluded that the PK/PDCO of florfenicol for both AUC/MIC and T>MIC was 1 mg/L

Luteal lifespan and fertility after estrus synchronization in goats

The present experiment aims to examine the efficiency of estrus synchronization using progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and to look at luteal function. During the non-breeding and breeding season, 5 adult female Korean native goats were injected intramuscularly with 2.5 ml of physiological saline as the control. A progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponge was then kept in the same goats for 10 days followed, after a week, by an intramuscular injection of 500 IU eCG. Five adult female Nubian goats were mated with a fertile buck during the non-breeding season. During the non-breeding season 2 of the 5 goats showed a normal estrous cycle (ranging from 18 to 21 days) and 3 a short estrous cycle (ranging from 3 to 6 days). During the breeding season the equivalent figures were 1 and 2. The major axes of the corpus luteum (CL) were measured by means of calipers built into the ultrasonography system, and the concentrations of plasma progesterone (P4) were determined by double antibody radioimmunoassay. The mean major axes of the CL in goats showing the short cycle (6.1 ± 0.5 mm) was significantly smaller than in those showing the normal cycle (8.9 ± 0.5 mm; p < 0.01) and also the value of P4 in goats showing the short cycle (4.2 ± 2.1 ng/ml) was significantly lower than for those showing the normal cycle (10.3 ± 4.3 ng/ml; p < 0.05) at day 3 following ovulation. Three out of 5 Nubian goats became pregnant but only one goat carried to full term. The present experiment indicated that a combination of progesterone and eCG was effective in inducing estrus, although it resulted in a high incidence of short luteal lifespan. The low kidding rate and high incidence of embryonic loss may be due to the instability of the luteal lifespan

March 1955

Presidents Report - Frank P. Dunlap (page 1) The Student Purdue Serves - Dr. N. M. Parkhurst (2) A Student Reports - Bill Roach (4) Corrective Management of Shrubs - H. W. Gilbert (5) Nutrient Absorption by Plants - J. R. Watson Jr. (7) Disease Development is Slow - Dr. Wm. Klomparens (10) Poa Annua Control with Arsenic Materials - W. H. Daniel (11) Labor Relations - Cincinnati Country Club - John McCoy (14) Labor Policies at my Course - Ernest Schneider (15) Labor Policies at my Course - Don Strand (16) Nitrogen Use and Why - Robert M. Williams (17) Fertilizing Greens and Why - Don Likes(18) Nitrogen Use and Why - Lawrence Huber (20) Report on Experimental Green - Taylor Boyd (21) Experiences with Fairway Improvements - Ray Davis (23) Fairway Improvement Program - Bert Rost (24) Experiences on Merion Bluegrass - Carl Habenicht (24) Merion Bluegrass Experiences - P. E. Drachman (25) Zoysia for Lawns and Nurseries - P. E. Drachman (27) Preparation for Mortorized Carts - James W. Brandt (28) Preparing for Motorized Carts - Carl Bretzlaff (29) Merion Bluegrass Experiences - Ben O. Warren (31) Pennlu Distribution - W. H. Daniel(32) Zoysia for Midwest Lawns - W. H. Daniel (34) Crabgrass Prevention and Control - W. H. Daniel (36) Plant Carbohydrates Must Balance Nitrogen - M. R. Teel (39) Put Yourself in His Place - Fred Grau (40) Nitrogen Use and Why Wm. E. Lyons (45) The Management of Bentgrass Fairways - O. J. Noer (49) Fairway Improvement Program O. W. Young (52) Experiences with Zoysia - Ferank Dinelli (53