12 research outputs found
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π°
Many theoretical models have contributed to the field of intergroup relations, but the concept of social
tolerance is still very ambiguous despite huge progress in social psychology and related fields in the
recent 50 years. The concept seems too complicated and researchers prefer to analyze tolerance/
intolerance components: stereotypes, prejudice, perception biases and social discrimination which
seem to be more one-dimensional and available for the study. At the same time, without such data
social policy in ethnic integration cannot be well goal-directed. Social and personality psychology
lack integrated criteria for the assessment of ethnic tolerance/intolerance and the above-mentioned
one-dimensional partial measures of ethnic tolerance cannot compensate this deficit, since they
reveal only some aspects of intergroup attitudes. The elaboration of such a holistic personality
measure for the assessment of intergroup relations in Latvia was the goal of this work1. The fivestage
process of scale development has been used. Results have shown that a valid and reliable
instrument for ethnic tolerance assessment has been elaborated. The model of elaboration could be
applied in all countriesΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅
Β«ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ/Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π°
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is currently attracting increased attention in developmental psychology. According to Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner, Erikson and Brunerβs developmental theories, increasing autonomy and self-concept development imply that relationships between young adults and parents change according to the internalization of this relationship and the development of new traits. Thus, different changes can be expected in the links between parental attitudes or style and such self-satisfaction variables as self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and such sentiments as love and jealousy, on the other. Sentiments are differentiated from situationally determined emotions and represent more prolonged relationships.
A two-group comparison design was used to examine these changes. Data were acquired from Russian-speaking Latvians in two age groups : ages 16-19 and 26-29. Six Likert-like scales were used to acquire data: a 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a 37-item Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), a 10-item Rosenbergβs Self-Esteem scale (RSES), Sternbergβs revised 45-item Love Scale, a 25-item Self-Report Jealousy Scale (SRJS), and a 39-item Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being (BSW). The hypothesis predicts that the links between parenting variables and self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and with love and jealousy on the other, will change during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Results partially confirm the predictions.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: 16-19 ΠΈ 26-29 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ
The breakup of Soviet Union and transition from βwell-developed socialismβ to market economy
led to the changes in the attitudes and the lifestyle of the people. Have these changes made human
communication safer? The most important sociopsychological condition for such security is the
absence of interpersonal and intergroup aggression, as well as the hatred that tends to provoke the
explosions of such aggression. Has this condition changed in the life of generation educated in the
market-economy society? Are these changes accompanied by the changes in mental variables that
prevent the explosions of aggression, particularly in changes of experience of love and satisfaction
with life? The aim of our study is the comparison of aggression, hate, love, and satisfaction with life
that characterized the generation educated in Soviet Union (43β50 years old) and the same features
of the younger generation (18-25 years old), educated after the breakup of Soviet Union in Latvia.
Hypothesis on the existence of intergenerational distinctions on these variables was confirmed partly:
distinctions were revealed in the inclination to aggression, satisfaction with life, and love passion.
All these variables are higher in young generation, which could be explained more by age-specific
features than by more general changes in the social-economic and social-political circumstancesΠ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ Β«ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β» ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»
ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅
Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ? ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ? Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ? Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, Π»ΡΠ±Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π΅ (43-50 Π»Π΅Ρ), ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° (18-25 Π»Π΅Ρ) Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±Π²ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ
Is Jealousy Danger or Escape in Partnerships in the Middle of Life?
In recent decades, psychology delves more and more bravely into the socially most important and long-term mental phenomena, i.e. sentiments. Following the study of partnership or romantic love the issue of serious psychological study is jealousy in partnerships. The most essential issue is the role of jealousy in loving relationships, which is interpreted in various ways in popular and scientific literature. Since these relationships are studied more often on undergaduatesβ samples, different research data seem contradictory, because young people have only a short-term and indefinite experience of partnerships. More long-term involvement in a romantic partnership could verify the hypothesis on the link between jealousy and love, which appears to clarify the role of jealousy in partnership not only in early adulthood, but also in middle adulthood. Both sentiments could be connected with such an important aspect of partnersβ satisfaction as sexual satisfaction. The results of this research show a positive link between love and jealousy for 35β45 year-old males, but not for women, which revealed significant gender differences of the role of jealousy in long-term partnerships. At
the same time, jealousy and love are positively connected with sexual satisfaction for both genders, but these links appear to be stronger for males. The data obtained have applied significance for family and couple counsel and psychotherapy, but many other factors should be studied and controlled at that, including the duration and the type of partnership, partnersβ age, equality and symmetry in relationships, expectations, social tolerance, personal investments, own or adopted children, etc
Moral emotions, conscience, and cognitive dissonance
One of the central topics in the studies of O. K. Tikhomirov and his collaborators was the link between cognitive and emotional processes. It is important not only how emotions are involved in the process of the productive performance of thinking tasks but also how cognitive processes mediate the involvement of the emotions in the regulation of activity. The efficacy of this regulation is represented through goal achievement and also through the correction of oneβs actions in the case of wrongdoing. Reformation of oneβs errors is the best way to improve oneβs abilities and skills. In moral philosophy the central instance of this reformation is conscience, which ensures positive or negative self-appraisal of oneβs own and othersβ actions. Unfortunately, in psychology this concept remains unclear. The goal of this article is to clarify it in the context of the contemporary psychology of emotion. Studies of emotions have shown the significance of appraisal in determining particular feelings. The special role of moral emotions, mainly guilt and shame, in the self-correction of oneβs actions is emphasized. According to this model, guilt and shame in particular can represent twinges of conscience in the mind because the cognitive dissonance between our (or othersβ) actions and values shapes the basis of all these phenomena
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π°
Many theoretical models have contributed to the field of intergroup relations, but the concept of social
tolerance is still very ambiguous despite huge progress in social psychology and related fields in the
recent 50 years. The concept seems too complicated and researchers prefer to analyze tolerance/
intolerance components: stereotypes, prejudice, perception biases and social discrimination which
seem to be more one-dimensional and available for the study. At the same time, without such data
social policy in ethnic integration cannot be well goal-directed. Social and personality psychology
lack integrated criteria for the assessment of ethnic tolerance/intolerance and the above-mentioned
one-dimensional partial measures of ethnic tolerance cannot compensate this deficit, since they
reveal only some aspects of intergroup attitudes. The elaboration of such a holistic personality
measure for the assessment of intergroup relations in Latvia was the goal of this work1. The fivestage
process of scale development has been used. Results have shown that a valid and reliable
instrument for ethnic tolerance assessment has been elaborated. The model of elaboration could be
applied in all countriesΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅
Β«ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ/Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π°
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is currently attracting increased attention in developmental psychology. According to Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner, Erikson and Brunerβs developmental theories, increasing autonomy and self-concept development imply that relationships between young adults and parents change according to the internalization of this relationship and the development of new traits. Thus, different changes can be expected in the links between parental attitudes or style and such self-satisfaction variables as self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and such sentiments as love and jealousy, on the other. Sentiments are differentiated from situationally determined emotions and represent more prolonged relationships.
A two-group comparison design was used to examine these changes. Data were acquired from Russian-speaking Latvians in two age groups : ages 16-19 and 26-29. Six Likert-like scales were used to acquire data: a 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a 37-item Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), a 10-item Rosenbergβs Self-Esteem scale (RSES), Sternbergβs revised 45-item Love Scale, a 25-item Self-Report Jealousy Scale (SRJS), and a 39-item Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being (BSW). The hypothesis predicts that the links between parenting variables and self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and with love and jealousy on the other, will change during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Results partially confirm the predictions.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: 16-19 ΠΈ 26-29 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ
The breakup of Soviet Union and transition from βwell-developed socialismβ to market economy
led to the changes in the attitudes and the lifestyle of the people. Have these changes made human
communication safer? The most important sociopsychological condition for such security is the
absence of interpersonal and intergroup aggression, as well as the hatred that tends to provoke the
explosions of such aggression. Has this condition changed in the life of generation educated in the
market-economy society? Are these changes accompanied by the changes in mental variables that
prevent the explosions of aggression, particularly in changes of experience of love and satisfaction
with life? The aim of our study is the comparison of aggression, hate, love, and satisfaction with life
that characterized the generation educated in Soviet Union (43β50 years old) and the same features
of the younger generation (18-25 years old), educated after the breakup of Soviet Union in Latvia.
Hypothesis on the existence of intergenerational distinctions on these variables was confirmed partly:
distinctions were revealed in the inclination to aggression, satisfaction with life, and love passion.
All these variables are higher in young generation, which could be explained more by age-specific
features than by more general changes in the social-economic and social-political circumstancesΠ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ Β«ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β» ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»
ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅
Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ? ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ? Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ? Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, Π»ΡΠ±Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π΅ (43-50 Π»Π΅Ρ), ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° (18-25 Π»Π΅Ρ) Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±Π²ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ
Meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it: expressions of Persian-speaking enrolled nurses in Sweden
Motivated dissimilarity construal and self-serving behavior: How we distance ourselves from those we harm
It is well established that people are more likely to act in a self-serving manner towards those dissimilar to themselves. Less well understood is how people actively shape perceptions of dissimilarity towards victims in order to minimize their own discomfort. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Motivated Dissimilarity Construal (MDC) β the act of purposely and proactively distancing oneself psychologically from the victim of oneβs own self-serving behavior. In doing so, we challenge the notion that potential victims of self-serving acts are perceived objectively and independently of a decision makerβs motivation, as traditional rationalist models of decision making might suggest. Across three experiments, we demonstrate how, why and when MDC is likely to occur, and discuss implications of these findings for theory and research on behavioral ethics and interpersonal similarity