12 research outputs found

    Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹ этничСской толСрантности: восстановлСниС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°

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    Many theoretical models have contributed to the field of intergroup relations, but the concept of social tolerance is still very ambiguous despite huge progress in social psychology and related fields in the recent 50 years. The concept seems too complicated and researchers prefer to analyze tolerance/ intolerance components: stereotypes, prejudice, perception biases and social discrimination which seem to be more one-dimensional and available for the study. At the same time, without such data social policy in ethnic integration cannot be well goal-directed. Social and personality psychology lack integrated criteria for the assessment of ethnic tolerance/intolerance and the above-mentioned one-dimensional partial measures of ethnic tolerance cannot compensate this deficit, since they reveal only some aspects of intergroup attitudes. The elaboration of such a holistic personality measure for the assessment of intergroup relations in Latvia was the goal of this work1. The fivestage process of scale development has been used. Results have shown that a valid and reliable instrument for ethnic tolerance assessment has been elaborated. The model of elaboration could be applied in all countriesНСсмотря Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ прогрСсс Π² ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ психологии Π² послСдниС 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, понятиС Β«ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ» остаСтся вСсьма Ρ‚ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ. Для исслСдоватСлСй ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ выглядит слишком комплСксным, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты этой толСрантности – стСрСотипы, прСдрассудки, искаТСния восприятия, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ выглядят Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ доступными для изучСния. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя прСдставляСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· свСдСний ΠΎ тСрпимости/нСтСрпимости ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ общСства. Π’ психологии личности ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ психологии Π½Π° сСгодняшний дСнь ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π² частности этничСской толСрантности, ΠΈ извСстныС ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ частныС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ толСрантности Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ Π² этой области. ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ цСлостной диагностики мСТэтничСских установок ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ личностной диспозиции Π² Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ прСдставляла процСсс ΠΈΠ· пяти этапов, Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ создана валидная ΠΈ надСТная шкала измСрСния этничСской толСрантности. Данная модСль Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹ толСрантности ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использована Π² любой странС с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контСкст

    Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ воспитания ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ воспитаниСм, чувствами ΠΈ самоуваТСниСм Π² подростковом ΠΈ юношСском возрастС

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    The transition from adolescence to adulthood is currently attracting increased attention in developmental psychology. According to Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner, Erikson and Bruner’s developmental theories, increasing autonomy and self-concept development imply that relationships between young adults and parents change according to the internalization of this relationship and the development of new traits. Thus, different changes can be expected in the links between parental attitudes or style and such self-satisfaction variables as self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and such sentiments as love and jealousy, on the other. Sentiments are differentiated from situationally determined emotions and represent more prolonged relationships. A two-group comparison design was used to examine these changes. Data were acquired from Russian-speaking Latvians in two age groups : ages 16-19 and 26-29. Six Likert-like scales were used to acquire data: a 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a 37-item Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), a 10-item Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale (RSES), Sternberg’s revised 45-item Love Scale, a 25-item Self-Report Jealousy Scale (SRJS), and a 39-item Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being (BSW). The hypothesis predicts that the links between parenting variables and self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and with love and jealousy on the other, will change during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Results partially confirm the predictions.ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· подросткового Π² юношСский возраст Π² настоящСС врСмя ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² психологии развития. Богласно тСориям развития Выготского, Эриксона ΠΈ Π‘Ρ€ΡƒΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ личностно-Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ родитСлями ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ этих Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² связях ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ стилСм ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ самоуваТСния, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ чувство собствСнного достоинства ΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ благополучия, с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ чувствами, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ любовь ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ – с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. Чувства ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ обусловлСнных ситуациСй эмоций, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Для исслСдования Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ взяты русскоговорящиС ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… возрастных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ: 16-19 ΠΈ 26-29 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, частично ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ наши прСдполоТСния

    ΠŸΡΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ

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    The breakup of Soviet Union and transition from β€œwell-developed socialism” to market economy led to the changes in the attitudes and the lifestyle of the people. Have these changes made human communication safer? The most important sociopsychological condition for such security is the absence of interpersonal and intergroup aggression, as well as the hatred that tends to provoke the explosions of such aggression. Has this condition changed in the life of generation educated in the market-economy society? Are these changes accompanied by the changes in mental variables that prevent the explosions of aggression, particularly in changes of experience of love and satisfaction with life? The aim of our study is the comparison of aggression, hate, love, and satisfaction with life that characterized the generation educated in Soviet Union (43–50 years old) and the same features of the younger generation (18-25 years old), educated after the breakup of Soviet Union in Latvia. Hypothesis on the existence of intergenerational distinctions on these variables was confirmed partly: distinctions were revealed in the inclination to aggression, satisfaction with life, and love passion. All these variables are higher in young generation, which could be explained more by age-specific features than by more general changes in the social-economic and social-political circumstancesРаспад БовСтского Боюза ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ Β«Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ социализма» ΠΊ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономикС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π» ΠΊ измСнСниям ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ установок людСй. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ это Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ людСй Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ бСзопасными? Одним ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-психологичСских условий этой бСзопасности являСтся отсутствиС мСТличностной ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ агрСссии, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ нСнависти, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, стоящСй Π·Π° Π²ΡΠΏΡ‹ΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ этой агрСссии. ИзмСнилось Π»ΠΈ это условиС Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ поколСния, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π² условиях Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономики? БопровоТдаСтся Π»ΠΈ это измСнСниями психичСских особСнностСй, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΡΠΏΡ‹ΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌ агрСссии, Π² частности измСнСниями Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ любви ΠΈ удовлСтворСнности Тизнью? ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ сравнСниС агрСссии, нСнависти, любви ΠΈ удовлСтворСнности Тизнью Ρƒ поколСния, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² БовСтском БоюзС (43-50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚), ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ послС распада БовСтского Боюза (18-25 Π»Π΅Ρ‚) Π² Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ. Π“ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ мСТпоколСнчСских Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² этих характСристиках ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ частично – Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ различия Π² склонности ΠΊ агрСссии, Π² удовлСтворСнности Тизнью ΠΈ Π² страстности любви. Однако ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ этих ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ измСнСниями общСствСнной ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, сколько спСцифичСскими возрастными особСнностям

    Is Jealousy Danger or Escape in Partnerships in the Middle of Life?

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    In recent decades, psychology delves more and more bravely into the socially most important and long-term mental phenomena, i.e. sentiments. Following the study of partnership or romantic love the issue of serious psychological study is jealousy in partnerships. The most essential issue is the role of jealousy in loving relationships, which is interpreted in various ways in popular and scientific literature. Since these relationships are studied more often on undergaduates’ samples, different research data seem contradictory, because young people have only a short-term and indefinite experience of partnerships. More long-term involvement in a romantic partnership could verify the hypothesis on the link between jealousy and love, which appears to clarify the role of jealousy in partnership not only in early adulthood, but also in middle adulthood. Both sentiments could be connected with such an important aspect of partners’ satisfaction as sexual satisfaction. The results of this research show a positive link between love and jealousy for 35–45 year-old males, but not for women, which revealed significant gender differences of the role of jealousy in long-term partnerships. At the same time, jealousy and love are positively connected with sexual satisfaction for both genders, but these links appear to be stronger for males. The data obtained have applied significance for family and couple counsel and psychotherapy, but many other factors should be studied and controlled at that, including the duration and the type of partnership, partners’ age, equality and symmetry in relationships, expectations, social tolerance, personal investments, own or adopted children, etc

    Moral emotions, conscience, and cognitive dissonance

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    One of the central topics in the studies of O. K. Tikhomirov and his collaborators was the link between cognitive and emotional processes. It is important not only how emotions are involved in the process of the productive performance of thinking tasks but also how cognitive processes mediate the involvement of the emotions in the regulation of activity. The efficacy of this regulation is represented through goal achievement and also through the correction of one’s actions in the case of wrongdoing. Reformation of one’s errors is the best way to improve one’s abilities and skills. In moral philosophy the central instance of this reformation is conscience, which ensures positive or negative self-appraisal of one’s own and others’ actions. Unfortunately, in psychology this concept remains unclear. The goal of this article is to clarify it in the context of the contemporary psychology of emotion. Studies of emotions have shown the significance of appraisal in determining particular feelings. The special role of moral emotions, mainly guilt and shame, in the self-correction of one’s actions is emphasized. According to this model, guilt and shame in particular can represent twinges of conscience in the mind because the cognitive dissonance between our (or others’) actions and values shapes the basis of all these phenomena

    Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹ этничСской толСрантности: восстановлСниС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°

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    Many theoretical models have contributed to the field of intergroup relations, but the concept of social tolerance is still very ambiguous despite huge progress in social psychology and related fields in the recent 50 years. The concept seems too complicated and researchers prefer to analyze tolerance/ intolerance components: stereotypes, prejudice, perception biases and social discrimination which seem to be more one-dimensional and available for the study. At the same time, without such data social policy in ethnic integration cannot be well goal-directed. Social and personality psychology lack integrated criteria for the assessment of ethnic tolerance/intolerance and the above-mentioned one-dimensional partial measures of ethnic tolerance cannot compensate this deficit, since they reveal only some aspects of intergroup attitudes. The elaboration of such a holistic personality measure for the assessment of intergroup relations in Latvia was the goal of this work1. The fivestage process of scale development has been used. Results have shown that a valid and reliable instrument for ethnic tolerance assessment has been elaborated. The model of elaboration could be applied in all countriesНСсмотря Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ прогрСсс Π² ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ психологии Π² послСдниС 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, понятиС Β«ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ» остаСтся вСсьма Ρ‚ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ. Для исслСдоватСлСй ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ выглядит слишком комплСксным, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты этой толСрантности – стСрСотипы, прСдрассудки, искаТСния восприятия, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ выглядят Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ доступными для изучСния. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя прСдставляСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· свСдСний ΠΎ тСрпимости/нСтСрпимости ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ общСства. Π’ психологии личности ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ психологии Π½Π° сСгодняшний дСнь ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π² частности этничСской толСрантности, ΠΈ извСстныС ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ частныС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ толСрантности Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ Π² этой области. ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ цСлостной диагностики мСТэтничСских установок ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ личностной диспозиции Π² Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ прСдставляла процСсс ΠΈΠ· пяти этапов, Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ создана валидная ΠΈ надСТная шкала измСрСния этничСской толСрантности. Данная модСль Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹ толСрантности ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использована Π² любой странС с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контСкст

    Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ воспитания ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ воспитаниСм, чувствами ΠΈ самоуваТСниСм Π² подростковом ΠΈ юношСском возрастС

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    The transition from adolescence to adulthood is currently attracting increased attention in developmental psychology. According to Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner, Erikson and Bruner’s developmental theories, increasing autonomy and self-concept development imply that relationships between young adults and parents change according to the internalization of this relationship and the development of new traits. Thus, different changes can be expected in the links between parental attitudes or style and such self-satisfaction variables as self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and such sentiments as love and jealousy, on the other. Sentiments are differentiated from situationally determined emotions and represent more prolonged relationships. A two-group comparison design was used to examine these changes. Data were acquired from Russian-speaking Latvians in two age groups : ages 16-19 and 26-29. Six Likert-like scales were used to acquire data: a 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a 37-item Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), a 10-item Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale (RSES), Sternberg’s revised 45-item Love Scale, a 25-item Self-Report Jealousy Scale (SRJS), and a 39-item Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being (BSW). The hypothesis predicts that the links between parenting variables and self-esteem and subjective well-being on the one hand, and with love and jealousy on the other, will change during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Results partially confirm the predictions.ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· подросткового Π² юношСский возраст Π² настоящСС врСмя ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² психологии развития. Богласно тСориям развития Выготского, Эриксона ΠΈ Π‘Ρ€ΡƒΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ личностно-Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ родитСлями ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ этих Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² связях ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ стилСм ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ самоуваТСния, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ чувство собствСнного достоинства ΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ благополучия, с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ чувствами, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ любовь ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ – с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. Чувства ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ обусловлСнных ситуациСй эмоций, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Для исслСдования Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ взяты русскоговорящиС ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… возрастных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ: 16-19 ΠΈ 26-29 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, частично ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ наши прСдполоТСния

    ΠŸΡΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ

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    The breakup of Soviet Union and transition from β€œwell-developed socialism” to market economy led to the changes in the attitudes and the lifestyle of the people. Have these changes made human communication safer? The most important sociopsychological condition for such security is the absence of interpersonal and intergroup aggression, as well as the hatred that tends to provoke the explosions of such aggression. Has this condition changed in the life of generation educated in the market-economy society? Are these changes accompanied by the changes in mental variables that prevent the explosions of aggression, particularly in changes of experience of love and satisfaction with life? The aim of our study is the comparison of aggression, hate, love, and satisfaction with life that characterized the generation educated in Soviet Union (43–50 years old) and the same features of the younger generation (18-25 years old), educated after the breakup of Soviet Union in Latvia. Hypothesis on the existence of intergenerational distinctions on these variables was confirmed partly: distinctions were revealed in the inclination to aggression, satisfaction with life, and love passion. All these variables are higher in young generation, which could be explained more by age-specific features than by more general changes in the social-economic and social-political circumstancesРаспад БовСтского Боюза ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ Β«Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ социализма» ΠΊ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономикС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π» ΠΊ измСнСниям ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ установок людСй. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ это Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ людСй Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ бСзопасными? Одним ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-психологичСских условий этой бСзопасности являСтся отсутствиС мСТличностной ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ агрСссии, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ нСнависти, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, стоящСй Π·Π° Π²ΡΠΏΡ‹ΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ этой агрСссии. ИзмСнилось Π»ΠΈ это условиС Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ поколСния, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π² условиях Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономики? БопровоТдаСтся Π»ΠΈ это измСнСниями психичСских особСнностСй, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΡΠΏΡ‹ΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌ агрСссии, Π² частности измСнСниями Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ любви ΠΈ удовлСтворСнности Тизнью? ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ сравнСниС агрСссии, нСнависти, любви ΠΈ удовлСтворСнности Тизнью Ρƒ поколСния, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² БовСтском БоюзС (43-50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚), ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ послС распада БовСтского Боюза (18-25 Π»Π΅Ρ‚) Π² Π›Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ. Π“ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ мСТпоколСнчСских Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² этих характСристиках ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ частично – Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ различия Π² склонности ΠΊ агрСссии, Π² удовлСтворСнности Тизнью ΠΈ Π² страстности любви. Однако ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ этих ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ измСнСниями общСствСнной ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, сколько спСцифичСскими возрастными особСнностям

    Motivated dissimilarity construal and self-serving behavior: How we distance ourselves from those we harm

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    It is well established that people are more likely to act in a self-serving manner towards those dissimilar to themselves. Less well understood is how people actively shape perceptions of dissimilarity towards victims in order to minimize their own discomfort. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Motivated Dissimilarity Construal (MDC) – the act of purposely and proactively distancing oneself psychologically from the victim of one’s own self-serving behavior. In doing so, we challenge the notion that potential victims of self-serving acts are perceived objectively and independently of a decision maker’s motivation, as traditional rationalist models of decision making might suggest. Across three experiments, we demonstrate how, why and when MDC is likely to occur, and discuss implications of these findings for theory and research on behavioral ethics and interpersonal similarity
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