Definição de faixas de conforto e desconforto térmico para espaços abertos em Curitiba, PR, com o índice UTCI

O planejamento e a readequação urbana de espaços abertos são capazes de promover a melhoria das condições térmicas externas, influenciando positivamente o uso de espaços abertos. Neste contexto, foi realizada uma pesquisa para analisar o conforto térmico de transeuntes em ruas de pedestre em Curitiba, Paraná. Este artigo tem como objetivo definir faixas de conforto e desconforto térmico para Curitiba, propondo tais faixas para o índice UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) para as condições climáticas locais a partir de um percentual aceitável de pessoas insatisfeitas com o ambiente térmico no espaço aberto. Para tal, foram analisados dados climáticos e dados pessoais obtidos por meio de monitoramento de campo em ruas de pedestre. Conclui-se que o índice UTCI teve boa capacidade preditiva para a amostra analisada e que as diferenças entre os subgrupos gênero, idade e índice de massa corpórea eram pequenas. A partir das análises das respostas reais de sensação térmica sugerem-se as seguintes faixas de conforto/desconforto térmico: desconforto para o frio, Ta ≤ 15°C; conforto, 15°C < Ta < 24°C e desconforto para o calor, Ta ≥ 24°C. A análise do índice UTCI mostrou a necessidade de calibração das faixas, sendo sugeridas as seguintes faixas para situações climáticas similares às de Curitiba: desconforto para o frio, Ta ≤ 15°C; conforto, 15°C < Ta < 27°C e desconforto para o calor, Ta ≥ 27°C

Assessing heat-related health risk in Europe via the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)

In this work the potential of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) as a heat-related health risk indicator in Europe is demonstrated. The UTCI is a bioclimate index that uses a multi-node human heat balance model to represent the heat stress induced by meteorological conditions to the human body. Using 38 years of meteorological reanalysis data, UTCI maps were computed to assess the thermal bioclimate of Europe for the summer season. Patterns of heat stress conditions and non-thermal stress regions are identified across Europe. An increase in heat stress up to 1°C is observed during recent decades. Correlation with mortality data from 17 European countries revealed that the relationship between the UTCI and death counts depends on the bioclimate of the country, and death counts increase in conditions of moderate and strong stress, i.e. when UTCI is above 26°C and 32°C. The UTCI’s ability to represent mortality patterns is demonstrated for the 2003 European heatwave. These findings confirm the importance of UTCI as a bioclimatic index that is able to both capture the thermal bioclimatic variability of Europe, and relate such variability with the effects it has on human health

Sex differences in temperature-related all-cause mortality in the Netherlands

Purpose: Over the last few decades, a global increase in both cold and heat extremes has been observed with significant impacts on human mortality. Although it is well-identified that older individuals (> 65 years) are most prone to temperature-related mortality, there is no consensus on the effect of sex. The current study investigated if sex differences in temperature-related mortality exist in the Netherlands. Methods: Twenty-three-year ambient temperature data of the Netherlands were combined with daily mortality data which were subdivided into sex and three age classes (< 65 years, 65–80 years, ≥ 80 years). Distributed lag non-linear models were used to analyze the effect of ambient temperature on mortality and determine sex differences in mortality attributable to the cold and heat, which is defined as mean daily temperatures below and above the Minimum Mortality Temperature, respectively. Results: Attributable fractions in the heat were higher in females, especially in the oldest group under extreme heat (≥ 97.5th percentile), whilst no sex differences were found in the cold. Cold- and heat-related mortality was most prominent in the oldest age group (≥ 80 years) and to a smaller extent in the age group between 65–80 years. In the age group < 65 years temperature-related mortality was only significant for males in the heat. Conclusion: Mortality in the Netherlands represents the typical V- or hockey-stick shaped curve with a higher daily mortality in the cold and heat than at milder temperatures in both males and females, especially in the age group ≥ 80 years. Heat-related mortality was higher in females than in males, especially in the oldest age group (≥ 80 years) under extreme heat, whilst in the cold no sex differences were found. The underlying cause may be of physiological or behavioral nature, but more research is necessary

Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate

The growing interest in thermal comfort of outdoor environments yields in different analysis on courtyards as a common space between urban and architectural scales. However, there is a limited knowledge regarding the microclimatic behavior of such spaces. Using ENVI-met simulations, this paper aims to numerically discuss the thermal performance of different configurations of traditionally designed courtyards in Shiraz, Iran, which experiences hot summers and cold winters. The geometrical effects such as orientation and H/W (height to width ratio) of courtyards are considered as potential parameters to improve the microclimatic conditions. In this paper, PMV and UTCI are used as thermal comfort indices. The obtained results indicate mean radiant temperature and wind speed as the most effective parameters for thermal comfort of courtyards. In addition, the aforementioned geometrical parameters might not be able to solely create a desirable condition, but they could significantly improve the thermal comfort of courtyards during summer and winter. To achieve a desirable thermal comfort level, the results suggest using configurations of a high H/W rate and southward orientation in order to obtain better shading during summer as well as allowing the solar radiation in while regulating the wind speed in winter

The evaluation of biothermal conditions for various forms of climatic therapy based on UTCI adjusted for activity

The objective of this study was to assess biothermal conditions in the selected Polish health resorts for specific forms of climatic therapy. We calculated Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for ten-year period (2008-2017) and then added adjustment terms, taking into account changes in metabolic rates during various physical activities from resting to vigorous exercise. The adjusted UTCI values increased with rising activity, implying that warmer parts of the year were unsuitable for intensive forms of climatotherapy. These results demonstrate that the UTCI adjustment procedure provides well-balanced assessments of bioclimatic conditions for the purpose of climatic treatment considering the level of activity