Modular implicits

We present modular implicits, an extension to the OCaml language for ad-hoc polymorphism inspired by Scala implicits and modular type classes. Modular implicits are based on type-directed implicit module parameters, and elaborate straightforwardly into OCaml's first-class functors. Basing the design on OCaml's modules leads to a system that naturally supports many features from other languages with systematic ad-hoc overloading, including inheritance, instance constraints, constructor classes and associated types

Active-distributed temperature sensing to continuously quantify vertical flow in boreholes

We show how a distributed borehole flowmeter can be created from armored Fiber Optic cables with the Active-Distributed Temperature Sensing (A-DTS) method. The principle is that in a flowing fluid, the difference in temperature between a heated and unheated cable is a function of the fluid velocity. We outline the physical basis of the methodology and report on the deployment of a prototype A-DTS flowmeter in a fractured rock aquifer. With this design, an increase in flow velocity from 0.01 to 0.3 m s−1 elicited a 2.5°C cooling effect. It is envisaged that with further development this method will have applications where point measurements of borehole vertical flow do not fully capture combined spatiotemporal dynamics

Power-law scaling behaviour of impedance signal time series of healthy subjects at rest

International audienc

Topological phases for bound states moving in a finite volume

We show that bound states moving in a finite periodic volume have an energy correction which is topological in origin and universal in character. The topological volume corrections contain information about the number and mass of the constituents of the bound states. These results have broad applications to lattice calculations involving nucleons, nuclei, hadronic molecules, and cold atoms. We illustrate and verify the analytical results with several numerical lattice calculations.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D Rapid Communication

Laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal approach (TAPP) in groin hernia repair

Catedra Chirurgie nr. 5, USMF “Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Spitalul Clinic Militar Central, Chisinău, Republica Moldova, Conferința stiințifică „Nicolae Anestiadi – nume etern al chirurgiei basarabene” consacrată centenarului de la nașterea profesorului Nicolae Anestiadi 26 august 2016Introducere. Abordul laparoscopic reprezintă cea mai modernă modalitatea de tratament al herniei inghinale, care câștigă tot mai mult teren datorită avantajelor pe care el oferă față de procedeul deschis. Rămâne actuală problema standardizării tehnicii chirurgicale şi optimizării rezultatelor acestui procedeu. Materiale şi metode. In perioada anilor 2008-2015în Clinică a fost efectuată tehnică abdominală properitoneală (TAPP) la 310 pacienţi cu hernie inghinală (26 bilateral). Repartiţia herniilor conform clasificării EHS (2007): L1(n=14), L2 (n=188 ), L3(n=28), M1(n=5), M2 (n= 48), M3 (n=34), Mx (n=8), F1 (n=9), F2(n=2). Rezultate. Durata intervenţiei a constituit in medie 42.8 ± 24.07 minute,fiind mai lungă pentru hernii scrotale L380±48.99 min şi bilaterale 88.24±25.47 min. Mediana spitalizării 3 zile, reîntoarcerea în câmpul muncii –8 zile. Incidentele intraoperatorii au fost corectate laparoscopic. Conversia efectuată la un pacient. Nu au fost constatate cazuri de infecţie în plaga postoperatorie. Aprecierea rezultatelor tratamentului chirurgical la distanţă a fost realizată la 225 pacienţi. Pentru evaluarea durerii la pacienţii cu diagnosticul hernie inghinală a fost utilizată scala de evaluare numerică NRS-11. În perioada postoperatorie au prevalat pacienţi cu sindrom algic redus (NRS 1-3). Algoparestezia postoperatorie persistentă a fost diagnosticată la 4pacienţi. Recidiva herniei a fost înregistrată la 2 pacienţi, în ambele cazuri recidiva a fost corectată laparoscopic. Concluzii. Abordul TAPP al herniei inghinale asigură durerea postoperatorie diminuată, reintegrarea socioprofesională rapidă şi numărul redus de complicaţii parietale. Amplificarea experienţei permite de a lărgi indicaţiile pentru abordul laparoscopic la pacienţii cu hernii scrotale şi recurente.Background. The transabdominal pre-peritoneal procedure (TAPP) represents the most popular technique used for inguinal hernia repair. The analysis of the reported cases helps to standardize the relatively new laparoscopic technique and to improve the overall results. Materials and methods. The group of 310 patients underwent laparoscopic hernia repair(26 bilateral) for the period 2008-2015.According to EHS classification (2007), the groin hernias were classified: L1(n= 14), L2 (n=188 ), L3(n=28), M1(n= 5), M2 (n= 48), M3 (n= 34), Mx (n= 8), F1 (n=9), F2(n= 2). The TAPP procedure were utilized. Results. The mean operating time was 42.8 ± 24.07 minutes, being statistically longer for L3 type hernias 80±48.99 min and bilateral hernias88.24±25.47 min. The average length of hospital stay was 3 days. Patients returned to work in an average of 8 days. The postoperative morbidity rate was 2,2%. The majority of intraoperative incidents (intraoperative hemorrhage, n=4) were solved laparoscopically without sequelae. One case was converted to Lichtenstein repair. Patients were evaluated at a median follow up of 24 month (range, 12-36 month). A total of 225 patients were assesssed for long-term outcomes. Pain was assessed with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS -11).The vast majority of post-operative patients had minor pain manifestation of pain (NRS 1-3). We observed 4 cases of persistent inguinal pain. The hernia recurrence was developed in 2 patients and has been corrected via laparoscopic approach. Conclusions. The advantages of laparoscopic repair include less postoperative pain, faster return to normal activities and low wound infection rate. We believe TAPP approach represents safe and valid alternative to open hernia repairs and could be effectively used for recurrent and large indirect scrotal hernias

Thermal-Plume fibre Optic Tracking (T-POT) test for flow velocity measurement in groundwater boreholes

International audienceWe develop an approach for measuring in-well fluid velocities using point electrical heating combined with spatially and temporally continuous temperature monitoring using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). The method uses a point heater to warm a discrete volume of water. The rate of advection of this plume, once the heating is stopped, equates to the average flow velocity in the well. We conducted Thermal-Plume fibre Optic Tracking (T-POT) tests in a borehole in a fractured rock aquifer with the heater at the same depth and multiple pumping rates. Tracking of the thermal plume peak allowed the spatially varying velocity to be estimated up to 50 m downstream from the heating point, depending on the pumping rate. The T-POT technique can be used to estimate the velocity throughout long intervals provided that thermal dilution due to inflows, dispersion, or cooling by conduction do not render the thermal pulse unresolvable with DTS. A complete flow log may be obtained by deploying the heater at multiple depths, or with multiple point heaters

Laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal approach (TAPP) in groin hernia repair: 10 year experience

Catedra de chirurgie nr. 5, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Spitalul Clinic Militar Central, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Al XIII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” și al III-lea Congres al Societății de Endoscopie, Chirurgie miniminvazivă și Ultrasonografie ”V.M.Guțu” din Republica MoldovaIntroducere: Abordul laparoscopic în cura herniilor inghinale devine intervenție de elecție pe plan mondial. Rămâne actuală problema standardizării tehnicii chirurgicale şi optimizarii rezultatelor acestui procedeu. Material şi metode: În perioada anilor 2008-2018 în Clinică a fost efectuată cura laparoscopică a herniei inghinale la 415 pacienţi (37 bilateral). Repartiţia herniilor conform clasificării L. M. Nyhus: tip II (n=245), tip IIIa (n=109), tip IIIb (n=30), tip IIIc (n=13), typ IV (n=18). A fost utilizată tehnică transabdominală preperitoneală (TAPP). Rezultate: Durata intervenţiei a constituit in medie 40.8±20.07 minute, fiind mai lungă pentru hernii recidivante 80±40.9 min (60-180) şi bilaterale 75.7±20.5 min (65-140). Mediana spitalizării 3 zile, reîntoarcerea în cîmpul muncii – sub 10 zile. Incidentele intraoperatorii au fost corectate laparoscopic. Conversia efectuată la doi pacienti. Nu au fost constatate cazuri de infecţie în plaga postoperatorie. Aprecierea rezultatelor tratamentului chirurgical la distanţă a fost realizată la 337 pacienţi. Pentru evaluarea durerii la pacienţii cu diagnosticul hernie inghinală a fost utilizată scala de evaluare numerică NRS-10. În perioada postoperatorie au prevalat pacienţi cu sindrom algic redus (NRS 1-3). Algoparestezia postoperatorie persistentă a fost diagnosticată la 6 pacienţi. Recidiva herniei a fost înregistrată la 3 pacienţi, în ambele cazuri recidiva a fost corectată laparoscopic. Concluzii: Experienţa noastră confirmă posibilitatea utilizării procedeului TAPP la diferite tipuri de hernie inghinală. Acumularea experienţei permite de a lărgi indicaţiile pentru abordul laparoscopic la pacienţii cu hernii bilaterale, glisante şi recurente. Avantajele hernioplastiei laparoscopice sunt: micşorarea sindromului algic postoperator, reintegrarea socioprofesională rapidă şi numărul redus de complicaţii parietale.Background: the transabdominal pre-peritoneal procedure (TAPP) represents one of the most popular techniques used for inguinal hernia repair. The analysis of the reported cases helps to standardize the relatively new laparoscopic technique and to improve the overall results. Methods and materials: The group of 415 patients underwent laparoscopic hernia repair (37 bilateral) for the period 2008-2018. According to L. M. Nyhus classification, the groin hernias were classified as type II (n=245), type IIIa (n=109), type IIIb (n=30), type IIIc (n=13), type IV (n=18). The TAPP procedure was utilized. Results: The mean operating time was 40.8±20.07 minutes, being statistically longer for recurrent hernias 80±40,9 min (range 60- 180) and bilateral hernias 75,7±20,5 min (range 65-140). The average length of hospital stay was 3 days. Patients returned to work in an average of 10 days. The postoperative morbidity rate was 2.2%. The majority of intraoperative incidents (intraoperative hemorrhage n=5) were solved laparoscopically without sequelae. Two cases were converted to Lichtenstein repair. Patients were evaluated at a median follow up of 24 month (range 12-36 month). A total of 337 patients were assesssed for long-term outcomes. Pain was assessed with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-10). The vast majority of post-operative patients had minor pain manifestation of pain (NRS 1-3). We observed 6 cases of persistent inguinal pain. The hernia recurrence was developed in 3 patients and has been corrected via laparoscopic approach. Conclusions: While laparoscopic hernia repair requires a lengthy learning curve, it represents safe and valid alternative to open hernia repairs and can be effectively used for bilateral, recurrent and sliding hernias. The advantages of laparoscopic repair include less postoperative pain, faster return to normal activities and low wound infection rate

Numerical analysis of seismic wave amplification in Nice (France) and comparisons with experiments

The analysis of site effects is very important since the amplification of seismic motion in some specific areas can be very strong. In this paper, the site considered is located in the centre of Nice on the French Riviera. Site effects are investigated considering a numerical approach (Boundary Element Method) and are compared to experimental results (weak motion and microtremors). The investigation of seismic site effects through numerical approaches is interesting because it shows the dependency of the amplification level on such parameters as wave velocity in surface soil layers, velocity contrast with deep layers, seismic wave type, incidence and damping. In this specific area of Nice, a one-dimensional (1D) analytical analysis of amplification does not give a satisfactory estimation of the maximum reached levels. A boundary element model is then proposed considering different wave types (SH, P, SV) as the seismic loading. The alluvial basin is successively assumed as an isotropic linear elastic medium and an isotropic linear viscoelastic solid (standard solid). The thickness of the surface layer, its mechanical properties, its general shape as well as the seismic wave type involved have a great influence on the maximum amplification and the frequency for which it occurs. For real earthquakes, the numerical results are in very good agreement with experimental measurements for each motion component. Two-dimensional basin effects are found to be very strong and are well reproduced numerically

Coherent instabilities in a semiconductor laser with fast gain recovery

We report the observation of a coherent multimode instability in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), which is driven by the same fundamental mechanism of Rabi oscillations as the elusive Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instability predicted 40 years ago for ring lasers. The threshold of the observed instability is significantly lower than in the original RNGH instability, which we attribute to saturable-absorption nonlinearity in the laser. Coherent effects, which cannot be reproduced by standard laser rate equations, can play therefore a key role in the multimode dynamics of QCLs, and in lasers with fast gain recovery in general.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

eBPF: A New Approach to Cloud-Native Observability, Networking and Security for Current (5G) and Future Mobile Networks (6G and Beyond)

Modern mobile communication networks and new service applications are deployed on cloud-native platforms. Kubernetes (K8s) is the de facto distributed operating system for container orchestration, and the extended version of the Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF)- in the Linux (and MS Windows) kernel- is fundamentally changing the approach to cloud-native networking, security, and observability. In this paper, we introduce what eBPF is, its potential for Telco cloud, and review some of the most promising pricing and billing models applied to this revolutionary operating system (OS) technology. These models include schemes based on a data source usage model or the number of eBPF agents deployed on the network, linked to specific eBPF modules. These modules encompass network observability, runtime security, and power dissipation monitoring. Next, we present our eBPF platform, named Sauron in this work, and demonstrate how eBPF allows us to write custom code and dynamically load eBPF programs into the kernel. These programs enable us to estimate the energy consumption of cloud-native functions, derive performance counters and gauges for transport networks, 5G applications, and non-access stratum protocols. Additionally, we can detect and respond to unauthorized access to cloud-native resources in real-time using eBPF. Our experimental results demonstrate the technical feasibility of eBPF in achieving highly performant monitoring, observability, and security tooling for current mobile networks (5G, 5G Advanced) as well as future networks (6G and beyond)