Electron microscopic diagnostics of apoptosis processes under simulation conditions in the experiment of acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus type I and II

According to literature data, in the conditions of the balance of pro- and antiinflammatory factors, the development of the infectious-inflammatory process tends to progress and more severe with subsequent transformation into chronic inflammation with corresponding morphofunctional effects. Under such critical conditions, an apoptosis is likely to play a crucial protective role, which can eliminate the excessive accumulation of aggressive inflammatory effects and effectively eliminate them, which in the future prevents the probable transformation into a persistent form. The aim of the work was to study the features of the early dynamic processes of apoptosis in the tissues of the kidneys under simulation conditions in the experiment of acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus type I and II. The purpose of the study was to study the features of the early dynamic processes of apoptosis in the tissues of the kidneys under simulation conditions in the experiment of acute pyelonephritis and concomitant type I and type II diabetes. The work was performed on 300 adult Wistar rats, which were divided into 4 groups. Fragments of animal's kidneys were studied and photographed in an electron microscope PEM-100-01. The results showed that after modeling in the animals of pyelonephritis in the nephrons there were no significant ultrastructural changes. The structure of the podocytes of the outer sheet was almost the same as the structure of the podocytes of the control material, and in some cells there were signs of activation of their metabolic activity. In the structure of the podocytes of the inner leaf of the capsule, dystrophic changes of the internal membrane of the mitochondria were established. In kidney medulla, the structure of the glomerulus was more preserved than in the cortical. Pathological changes of the proximal and distal tubular podocytes, as well as interstitial tissue, are more pronounced than the renal glomeruli. Under the modeling of the common model of pyelonephritis and type 1 diabetes, more pronounced morphological changes occur: destructive changes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries, the homogenization of the structure of the basement membrane occurs and the mesangial tissue is significantly enlarged. In nephrons and tubules of cortex, changes are manifested to a much greater extent than in the kidney medulla. When studying in clinical conditions the pathogenetic features of acute pyelonephritis in conditions of concomitant diabetes mellitus it is expedient to carry out electron microscopic research with the aim of choosing the optimal corrective therapeutic effect and preventing the unfavorable course of infectious and inflammatory process and its transformation into persistent form. EM (electron-microscopic) studies are highly informative in the study of pathological changes and early dynamic processes of apoptosis in renal tissues in the design of acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus I and II in the experimental conditions

Tubular initial conditions and ridge formation

The 2D azimuth & rapidity structure of the two-particle correlations in relativistic A+A collisions is altered significantly by the presence of sharp inhomogeneities in superdense matter formed in such processes. The causality constraints enforce one to associate the long-range longitudinal correlations observed in a narrow angular interval, the so-called (soft) ridge, with peculiarities of the initial conditions of collision process. This study's objective is to analyze whether multiform initial tubular structures, undergoing the subsequent hydrodynamic evolution and gradual decoupling, can form the soft ridges. Motivated by the flux-tube scenarios, the initial energy density distribution contains the different numbers of high density tube-like boost-invariant inclusions that form a bumpy structure in the transverse plane. The influence of various structures of such initial conditions in the most central A+A events on the collective evolution of matter, resulting spectra, angular particle correlations and v_n-coefficients is studied in the framework of the HydroKinetic Model (HKM).Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, the paper to be published in Advances of High Energy Physics (2013, in press

ЗАСОБИ ПРИВАТНОГО ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ МАЛОГО І СЕРЕДНЬОГО ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ СОЮЗІ

The authors of the article have analyzed certain economic characteristics of private investment of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the European Union (hereinafter — the EU). It has been noted that, unlike public funding from the EU Member States and Structural Funds investment, it is appropriate to pay attention to the investment mechanisms used in the private sector to support small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship in the EU, which has its own specificity and sources. The features of such sources as bank lending, corporate and venture investing, as well as financing provided by business angels have been studied. It has been noted that bank loans for innovative enterprises in the EU have become more accessible, but the collateral requirements imposed by banks remain high. The reasons for the low level of corporate investment of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter — SMSEs) in some Member States are the lack of a developed culture of partial investment and the specificity of information exchange between companies and investors. The level of venture capital usage is low and, as a consequence, only a small number of SMSEs are attractive to venture capitalists’ investments. On the other hand, business angels are quite selective about investment objects. This determines their main activity at the stage of initial implementation of innovative projects. It has been concluded that a large proportion of SMEs face serious problems in accessing investment resources, and there are significant differences between countries, directly, in such areas as debt financing and, therefore, SMEs’ financing in Europe. is not homogeneous. Despite the large number of support instruments for investing such enterprises in the EU, successful implementation of initiatives does not occur in all countries and has a heterogeneous effect. In order to create a successful EU policy on supporting SMEs there is the need in more in-depth understanding of the problems and specificities of financing SMEs of the EU Member States.Проаналізовано окремі економічні характеристики засобів приватного інвестування малого і середнього інноваційного підприємництва в Європейському Союзі (далі — ЄС). Зазначено, що, на відміну від державного фінансування, яке здійснюється країнами — членами ЄС, та інвестування впроваджуваного структурними фондами, доречно звернути увагу на механізми розміщення інвестицій, які використовуються у приватному секторі для підтримки малого і середнього інноваційного підприємництва в ЄС, що має власну специфіку та джерела. Досліджено особливості таких джерел, як банківське кредитування, корпоративне і венчурне інвестування, а також фінансування, що здійснюється бізнес-ангелами. Зазначено, що банківські кредити в ЄС для інноваційних підприємств стали більш доступними, але вимоги до застави, що накладаються банками, залишаються великими. Причинами низького рівня корпоративного інвестування інноваційних малих і середніх підприємств (далі — МСП) в окремих країн-членів є відсутність розвинутої культури часткового інвестування та специфіка обміну інформацією між компаніями та інвесторами. Низьким є рівень використання венчурного капіталу і лише невелика кількість МСП є привабливими для інвестування венчурних капіталістів. Натомість бізнес-ангели є досить вибірковими щодо об’єктів інвестування, а це зумовлює їхню основну активність на етапі початкової реалізації інноваційного проекту. Зроблено висновок, що значна частина МСП зіштовхується із серйозними проблемами у доступі до інвестиційних ресурсів, також мають місце істотні відмінності між країнами, безпосередньо, у таких сферах, як боргове фінансування, а отже, фінансування МСП в Європі не є однорідним. Незважаючи на значну кількість інструментів підтримки в інвестуванні таких підприємств у ЄС, успішна реалізація ініціатив має місце не у всіх країнах і відрізняється неоднорідним ефектом. Для створення успішної загальноєвропейської політики з підтримки МСП потрібне більш поглиблене розуміння проблем і специфіки фінансування інноваційної діяльності малого і середнього бізнесу країн — членів ЄС

АКТИВНІ МЕТОДИ НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-МЕДИКІВ

Current article represents the use of innovative activity in various components of educational process. It is described an active involvement of modern teaching methods based on self-work of students, interactive studying methodics and wide use of IT-technologies for distant studying. Usage of modern teaching methods is capable to improve the qualitative level of students’ knowledge and their interest in chosen profession. Presented complex of directions of innovative activities in addition to scientific and management performance compiles the basis of complex education development in medical university.У статті представлене застосування інноваційної діяльності в різних компонентах освітнього процесу: активне впровадження в навчальний процес нових методик навчання, oснованих на самостійній роботі студентів, інтерактивних методів навчання, широке використання IT-технологій для дистанційної освіти. Використання нових методик освіти підвищує якісний рівень знань студентів і зацікавленість в обраній професії. Дана сукупність складових напрямків інноваційної діяльності в поєднанні з науковою й управлінською діяльністю становить базу комплексного розвитку освіти в медичному університеті

Measurement of shower development and its Moli\`ere radius with a four-plane LumiCal test set-up

A prototype of a luminometer, designed for a future e+e- collider detector, and consisting at present of a four-plane module, was tested in the CERN PS accelerator T9 beam. The objective of this beam test was to demonstrate a multi-plane tungsten/silicon operation, to study the development of the electromagnetic shower and to compare it with MC simulations. The Moli\`ere radius has been determined to be 24.0 +/- 0.6 (stat.) +/- 1.5 (syst.) mm using a parametrization of the shower shape. Very good agreement was found between data and a detailed Geant4 simulation.Comment: Paper published in Eur. Phys. J., includes 25 figures and 3 Table

Performance of fully instrumented detector planes of the forward calorimeter of a Linear Collider detector

Detector-plane prototypes of the very forward calorimetry of a future detector at an e+e- collider have been built and their performance was measured in an electron beam. The detector plane comprises silicon or GaAs pad sensors, dedicated front-end and ADC ASICs, and an FPGA for data concentration. Measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio and the response as a function of the position of the sensor are presented. A deconvolution method is successfully applied, and a comparison of the measured shower shape as a function of the absorber depth with a Monte-Carlo simulation is given.Comment: 25 pages, 32 figures, revised version following comments from referee

Active teaching methods of medical students

У статті представлене застосування інноваційної діяльності в різних компонентах освітнього процесу: активне впровадження в навчальний процес нових методик навчання, oснованих на самостійній роботі студентів, інтерактивних методів навчання, широке використання IT-технологій для дистанційної освіти. Використання нових методик освіти підвищує якісний рівень знань студентів і зацікавленість в обраній професії. Дана сукупність складових напрямків інноваційної діяльності в поєднанні з науковою й управлінською діяльністю становить базу комплексного розвитку освіти в медичному університеті.Current article represents the use of innovative activity in various components of educational process. It is described an active involvement of modern teaching methods based on self-work of students, interactive studying methodics and wide use of IT-technologies for distant studying. Usage of modern teaching methods is capable to improve the qualitative level of students’ knowledge and their interest in chosen profession. Presented complex of directions of innovative activities in addition to scientifc and management performance compiles the basis of complex education development in medical university

Top-quark physics at the CLIC electron-positron linear collider

Abstract The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed future high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider operating at three energy stages, with nominal centre-of-mass energies $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV, and 3 TeV. Its aim is to explore the energy frontier, providing sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) and precision measurements of Standard Model processes with an emphasis on Higgs boson and top-quark physics. The opportunities for top-quark physics at CLIC are discussed in this paper. The initial stage of operation focuses on top-quark pair production measurements, as well as the search for rare flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) top-quark decays. It also includes a top-quark pair production threshold scan around 350 GeV which provides a precise measurement of the top-quark mass in a well-defined theoretical framework. At the higher-energy stages, studies are made of top-quark pairs produced in association with other particles. A study of t̄tH production including the extraction of the top Yukawa coupling is presented as well as a study of vector boson fusion (VBF) production, which gives direct access to high-energy electroweak interactions. Operation above 1 TeV leads to more highly collimated jet environments where dedicated methods are used to analyse the jet constituents. These techniques enable studies of the top-quark pair production, and hence the sensitivity to BSM physics, to be extended to higher energies. This paper also includes phenomenological interpretations that may be performed using the results from the extensive top-quark physics programme at CLIC.</jats:p

Conceptual design report for the LUXE experiment

This Conceptual Design Report describes LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment), an experimental campaign that aims to combine the high-quality and high-energy electron beam of the European XFEL with a powerful laser to explore the uncharted terrain of quantum electrodynamics characterised by both high energy and high intensity. We will reach this hitherto inaccessible regime of quantum physics by analysing high-energy electron-photon and photon-photon interactions in the extreme environment provided by an intense laser focus. The physics background and its relevance are presented in the science case which in turn leads to, and justifies, the ensuing plan for all aspects of the experiment: Our choice of experimental parameters allows (i) field strengths to be probed where the coupling to charges becomes non-perturbative and (ii) a precision to be achieved that permits a detailed comparison of the measured data with calculations. In addition, the high photon flux predicted will enable a sensitive search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The initial phase of the experiment will employ an existing 40 TW laser, whereas the second phase will utilise an upgraded laser power of 350 TW. All expectations regarding the performance of the experimental set-up as well as the expected physics results are based on detailed numerical simulations throughout

Top-quark physics at the CLIC electron-positron linear collider

ABSTRACT: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed future high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider operating at three energy stages, with nominal centre-of-mass energies √s = 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV, and 3 TeV. Its aim is to explore the energy frontier, providing sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) and precision measurements of Standard Model processes with an emphasis on Higgs boson and top-quark physics. The opportunities for top-quark physics at CLIC are discussed in this paper. The initial stage of operation focuses on top-quark pair production measurements, as well as the search for rare flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) top-quark decays. It also includes a top-quark pair production threshold scan around 350 GeV which provides a precise measurement of the top-quark mass in a well-defined theoretical framework. At the higher-energy stages, studies are made of top-quark pairs produced in association with other particles. A study of t̄tH production including the extraction of the top Yukawa coupling is presented as well as a study of vector boson fusion (VBF) production, which gives direct access to high-energy electroweak interactions. Operation above 1 TeV leads to more highly collimated jet environments where dedicated methods are used to analyse the jet constituents. These techniques enable studies of the top-quark pair production, and hence the sensitivity to BSM physics, to be extended to higher energies. This paper also includes phenomenological interpretations that may be performed using the results from the extensive top-quark physics programme at CLIC.the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under projects MINEICO/FEDER-UE, FPA2015-65652-C4-3-R, FPA2015-71292-C2-1-Pand FPA2015-71956-REDT; and the MECD grant FPA2016-78645-P, Spai