Обнаружение автомобильных номерных знаков с использованием предварительной обработки кандидатов

Статья посвящена проблеме ускорения процесса поиска объектов на изображениях, основанного на использовании мультимасштабного сканирования. Для решения этой задачи предлагается использовать\ud предварительную обработку кандидатов с использованием интегральных характеристик, которая реализуется как первый этап каскада классификаторов смешанного типа. В качестве тестовой задачи выбрана задача обнаружения на цифровых изображениях номерных знаков автомобилей. Полученный каскад классификаторов позволил увеличить быстродействие обработки изображений при обнаружении номерных знаков в 1.6 раза по сравнению с каскадом линейных классификаторов, полученным с помощью алгоритма AdaBoost. Результаты проведенных экспериментов могут быть распространены на задачи поиска других объектов на изображениях.Стаття присвячена проблемі прискорення процесу пошуку об'єктів на зображеннях, заснованого на використанні мультимасштабного сканування. Для вирішення цього завдання пропонується використати попередню обробку кандидатів, що реалізується як перший етап каскаду класифікаторів змішаного типу. Як тестове завдання обрана задача виявлення на цифрових зображеннях номерних знаків автомобілів. Отриманий каскад класифікаторів дозволив збільшити швидкодію обробки зображень при виявленні номерних знаків в 1.6 рази в порівнянні з каскадом лінійних класифікаторів, отриманим за допомогою алгоритму AdaBoost. Результати проведених експериментів можуть бути поширені на завдання пошуку інших об'єктів на зображеннях.The article is devoted to a problem of acceleration of objects detection process on the images, the multiscale scanning based on use. For the solution of this task it is offered to use preliminary processing of candidates with use of integrated characteristics which is realized as the first stage of the classifiers cascade of the mixed type. As a test task the problem of detection on digital images of cars registration plates is chosen. The received cascade of classifiers allowed to increase computational performance of images processing at detection of registration plates by 1.6 times in comparison with the cascade of linear classifiers received by means of AdaBoost algorithm. Results of the made experiments can be extended to problems of search of other objects on images

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

: Effet molluscicide comparé de différentes souches d’origine sénégalaise

Les auteurs, après avoir rappelé les différentes recherches effectuées sur l’utilisation de molluscicides végétaux accordent une attention particulière aux essais réalisés sur Ambrosia maritima L. Ambrosia maritima L. au niveau du continent africain est pour le moment différencié en souche égyptienne (Ambrosia maritima L.) et en souche sénégalaise (Ambrosia senegalensis DC). Les deux dénominations étant synonymes, la différence d’activité des deux souches serait due à la teneur en lactones sesquiterpéniques et cette teneur ne serait pas liée aux conditions d’environnement. L’étude compare 7 souches d’Ambrosia senegalensis d’origine différente et prélevées à différentes saisons. Les effets molluscicides sont évalués en laboratoire sur Biomphalaria glabrata et l’analyse statistique des résultats fait apparaître que pour les poudres de feuilles :