We-T classification of diesel fuel droplet impact regimes

A combined experimental and computational investigation of micrometric diesel droplets impacting on a heated aluminium substrate is presented. Dual view high-speed imaging has been employed to visualize the evolution of the impact process at various conditions. The parameters investigated include wall-surface temperature ranging from 140 to 400°C, impact Weber and Reynolds numbers of 19–490 and 141–827, respectively, and ambient pressure of 1 and 2 bar. Six possible post-impact regimes were identified, termed as Stick, Splash, Partial-Rebound, Rebound, Breakup-Rebound and Breakup-Stick, and plotted on the We-T map. Additionally, the temporal variation of the apparent dynamic contact angle and spreading factor have been determined as a function of the impact Weber number and surface temperature. Numerical simulations have also been performed using a two-phase flow model with interface capturing, phase-change and variable physical properties. Increased surface temperature resulted to increased maximum spreading diameter and induced quicker and stronger recoiling behaviour, mostly attributed to the change of liquid viscosity

Actinomycosis - forgotten disease as a diagnostic challenge

Łanowy Patrycja, Ślusarz Krystian, Dzindzio Jakub, Pyka Weronika, Bichalski Miłosz, Blaszkowszka Maria, Jaroszewicz Jerzy. Actinomycosis - forgotten disease as a diagnostic challenge. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(5):256-264. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2901660 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6922 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 28.04.2019. Revised: 28.04.2019. Accepted: 18.05.2019. Actinomycosis - forgotten disease as a diagnostic challenge Patrycja Łanowy1, Krystian Ślusarz1, Jakub Dzindzio1, Weronika Pyka1, Miłosz Bichalski1, Maria Blaszkowszka1, Jerzy Jaroszewicz1*, ¹Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Poland E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], 1*Coressponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Actinomycosis is neglected, uncommon disease caused by bacteria. The greatest difficulty in correct and early diagnostics of actinomycosis is the fact that it often mimics other conditions. The difficulties in diagnostic of actinomycosis result in misdiagnosis, lengthening the patient's treatment time, unnecessary surgical treatment and sometimes dangerous complications. Aim of the article: The aim of the article is to familiarize readers with the rarest conditions that have been mistaken for actinomycosis. KEYWORDS: actinomycosis, diagnostic difficulties, misdiagnosis, malignancy mimicking tumo

Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission

The interaction between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized in vertebrates. In fish, it is known that the prevalence and intensity of such infections are higher in males than in females and probably related to sex steroid hormone levels. In addition, the immune response in the fish gonad tissues is specifically regulated to prevent infertility. This condition is used by some pathogens to colonize the fish gonad, evade the systemic immune response, and so spread to the progeny. This review brings up to date our knowledge concerning fish gonad immunity and its regulation, immune-endocrine interactions, and how some pathogens use this tissue to spread to the progeny through vertical transmission. More specifically, we will look at the case of the European sea bass and nodavirus (NNV). Sea bass is a very susceptible fish species to NNV infections, and this virus has been associated to vertical transmission since it is detected in gonad fluids as well as in testicular gametes. In fact, sea bass immunity in the gonad is regulated in a very different way to other target tissues (brain and retina) or immune-relevant tissues (head-kidney or spleen).Versión del edito

The effect of transverse ocular magnification adjustment on macular thickness profile in different refractive errors in community-based adults

Purpose Changes in retinal thickness are common in various ocular diseases. Transverse magnification due to differing ocular biometrics, in particular axial length, affects measurement of retinal thickness in different regions. This study evaluated the effect of axial length and refractive error on measured macular thickness in two community-based cohorts of healthy young adults. Methods A total of 2160 eyes of 1247 community-based participants (18–30 years; 23.4% myopes, mean axial length = 23.6mm) were included in this analysis. Macular thickness measurements were obtained using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (which assumes an axial length of 24.385mm). Using a custom program, retinal thickness data were extracted at the 9 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) regions with and without correction for transverse magnificent effects, with the corrected measurements adjusting according to the participant’s axial length. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effect of correction and its interaction with axial length or refractive group on retinal thickness. Results The raw measures (uncorrected for axial length) underestimated the true retinal thickness at the central macula, while overestimating at most non-central macular regions. There was an axial length by correction interaction effect in all but the nasal regions (all p\u3c0.05). For each 1mm increase in axial length, the central macular thickness is overestimated by 2.7–2.9μm while thicknesses at other regions were underestimated by 0.2–4.1μm. Based on the raw thickness measurements, myopes have thinner retinas than non-myopes at most non-central macular. However, this difference was no longer significant when the corrected data was used. Conclusion In a community-based sample, the raw measurements underestimate the retinal thickness at the central macula and overestimate the retinal thickness at non-central regions of the ETDRS grid. The effect of axial length and refractive error on retinal thickness is reduced after correcting for transverse magnification effects resulting from axial length differences

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and a case for vaccine development against congenital Chagas disease

Trypanos o ma cruzi (T. cruzi or Tc) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). It is common for patients to suffer from non-specific symptoms or be clinically asymptomatic with acute and chronic conditions acquired through various routes of transmission. The expecting women and their fetuses are vulnerable to congenital transmission of Tc. Pregnant women face formidable health challenges because the frontline antiparasitic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, are contraindicated during pregnancy. However, it is worthwhile to highlight that newborns can be cured if they are diagnosed and given treatment in a timely manner. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Tc and provide a justification for the investment in the development of vaccines against congenital CD.Fil: Rios, Lizette. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Campos, Emiliano Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Menon, Ramkumar. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Zago, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Garg, Nisha J.. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados Unido

The effect of alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor from Ascaris lumbricoides suum on chick embryos

It has been found that alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor isolated from Ascaris lumbricoides suum acts embryotoxically on the Leghorn chicken embryo. An increase in embryo mortality with increasing dose of the inhibitor has been observed after its administration into the yolk sac on day 4, 8 or 13 of incubation. There is a linear interrelationship between the logarithm of the dose of alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor and the mortality of chickens. The LD50 values foralpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor increased for injections performed at later stages of embryo development. A significant decrease of mean mass of chicks injected with alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor in comparison with control groups was observed. There was a more frequent occurrence of developmental abnormalities and pathological changes in groups of hatched chicks which received the Ascaris inhibitor

Wpływ inhibitora alfa-chymotrypsyny z Ascaris lumbricoides suum na zarodki kurze

It has been found that alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor isolated from Ascaris lumbricoides suum acts embryotoxically on the Leghorn chicken embryo. An increase in embryo mortality with increasing dose of the inhibitor has been observed after its administration into the yolk sac on day 4, 8 or 13 of incubation. There is a linear interrelationship between the logarithm of the dose of alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor and the mortality of chickens. The LD50 values for alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor increased for injections performed at later stages of embryo development. A significant decrease of mean mass of chicks injected with alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor in comparison with control groups was observed. There was a more frequent occurrence of developmental abnormalities and pathological changes in groups of hatched chicks which received the Ascaris inhibitor

Parasitic infection and disturbances of fertility in humans

According to literature of the problem, the disturbances of reproductiveness of human in various parasitic infections are discussed. The mechanisms disturbing the proper functioning of the hosts's reproductive system are not sufficiently understood. They may remain in association not only with a direct or indirect effect of the parasite on the host's endocrinal glands and sexual organs, but also with the host's overall reaction to stress or toxic influences. Parasite's activity may lead to abortion or a significant decrease in fetal body weight. Embryo or fetus may be also damaged in an intrauterine infection