α-Substituted Benzylic Complexes of Palladium(II) as Precursors of Palladium Hydrides

The adoption of a pseudoallylic (η3) form makes palladium benzylic derivatives a class of stabilized palladium alkyls that can undergo β-H elimination reactions in a more controlled way. α- (Pentafluorophenylmethyl)benzyl palladium complexes have been studied and they decompose by β-H elimination to give palladium hydrides that, depending on the auxil- iary ligands can: a) transmetalate to another palladium atom and, by reductive elimina- tion, give hydrogenated products; this process is favored for a combination of bridging ligands (i.e halogens) and low coordinating ligands. b) Be used as a hydride source and get trapped by a diene to give palladium allylic derivatives. The presence of carbon mon- oxide does not induce a β-H elimination reactions and only CO insertion into the Pd- benzyl bond to give acyl derivatives is observed.MINECO (SGPI, grant CTQ2016-80913-P

Benzylic Complexes of Palladium(II): Bonding modes and Penta- coordination for Steric Relief

A large variety of α-(pentafluorophenylmethyl)benzylic palladium complexes with different ligands have been synthesized and char- acterized. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopic data allow to determine the σ-or η3-benzylic nature of the complexes in solution. The adoption of either coordination mode is a function of the number of ligands coordinated to palladium and, remarkably, the presence of bulky phosphines favors the adoption of a bidentate η3-benzylic mode and palladium pentacoordinated complexes. Experimental data and DFT calculations indicate that this five- coordination could alleviate the steric hindrance of two cis bulky phosphines. The benzylic complexes show a rich fluxional behavior that involves both ligand exchange and σ- to η3-benzylic interconversion.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SGPI, grant CTQ2016-80913-P

The Success of B2C Mobile Commerce: Adoption factors and Value propositions for Companies

La literatura ha analizado ampliamente los factores que afectan a la adopción del comercio móvil (CM) por parte de los consumidores. Sin embargo, no ha abordado de la misma manera las propuestas de valor que el empresario puede incorporar a su oferta comercial, derivadas de las características propias del canal. Para ello, este trabajo resulta original al desarrollar una visión integradora que aborda la relación B2C en el comercio móvil. En esta línea, el objetivo de este trabajo es definir propuestas de valor basadas en la tecnología móvil incluyendo los factores involucrados en el éxito del comercio móvil desde el punto de vista del consumidor. Para conseguir este objetivo, se utiliza información secundaria y se hace una extensa revisión de la literatura que permite hacer una clasificación de las diferentes propuestas de valor sugeridas en la literatura. El estudio muestra una recopilación de los factores que favorecen la adopción del comercio móvil desde el punto de vista del consumidor, y los relaciona con seis tipos de proposiciones de valor sobre las que las empresas interesadas en la venta por móvil pueden articular su negocio para lograr que el consumidor adopte este tipo de compra.The literature has extensively analysed the factors affecting the adoption of this shopping channel by consumers. However, literature has not deepened in the same way on the value propositions that the firm can incorporate into its offerings including mobile phone characteristics as a channel. In order to contribute to marketing literature, we have developed a comprehensive view that addresses the B2C relationship in mobile commerce. In this line, the aim of this study is to determine the value propositions based on mobile technology including the factors involved in the success of mobile commerce from the consumer ‘s point of view. To achieve this purpose, we used secondary information and did an extensive review of the literature to classify different proposition of value in the mobile commerce literature. As a result, this study includes several factors that favour the adoption of mobile commerce from the point of view of consumers and put a special emphasis on the offering of six types of value propositions on which companies interested in mobile selling can articulate their business to make consumers adopt this type of purchase finally.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) [número de referencia ECO2014-53060-R

Influencia de la temperatura sobre la asimetría de pilancones en ambiente granítico. Aplicación de un modelo de regresión lineal

Las pilas representan un tipo de forma presente en casi todos los ambientes climáticos. El trabajo estudia el papel de los ciclos térmicos como un agente importante del modelado y asimetría que presentan las paredes de las pilas en un clima Mediterrá- neo templado - frío. El estudio se ha realizado en el macizo granítico de la Pedriza de Manzanares, zona protegida de gran valor ambiental, incluida en el Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, España). El análisis de la variabilidad térmica mediante modelos de regresión perió- dica múltiple, pone de manifiesto la influencia de los ciclos diario y anual en función de las orientaciones norte y sur de las paredes de las pilas. Un modelo matemático de regresión lineal muestra cómo la variabilidad térmica diaria influye en la alteración de las paredes de las pilas, generando superficies planas o de concavidad más o menos pronunciada. El trabajo también establece relaciones entre el grado de alteración de las diferentes partes de las pilas, con la presencia de líquenes y dureza relativa de la roca. Los resultados avalan la hipótesis de relación causal entre la variabilidad térmica y alteración de las paredes de las pilas según su orientación norte o sur

Aceptación empresarial de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación: un análisis del sector servicios

The aim of this paper is to analyse the level of development reached by some Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as web pages, e-mail, EDI, and business management software in the business world. To this end, we have concentrated on the business behaviour of the service sector. Nevertheless, the technological development demanded changes depending on the activity of the firm, so the mediator effect of the industry has been tested in the process of innovation acceptance. Our results show the technology acceptance process is influenced by the perception of both the usefulness and the ease of use of innovations. Moreover, the industry effect mediates the technological behaviour of a firm; meanwhile, if a firm performs a "traditional activity", there are fewer incentives to implement the innovation

Efeitos da aplicação de massagem terapêutica em crianças com câncer: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: to learn about the effects of the use of therapeutic massage in children with cancer. Method: systematic review of controlled clinical trials The search was conducted in November 2014 in the following databases: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. Inclusion criteria were: clinical trials, published in English or Spanish, analyzing the effects of massage on the different stages and types of childhood cancer (between 1 and 18 years old). Results: of 1007 articles found, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Their authors use different massage techniques (Swedish massage, effleurage, petrissage, frictions, pressures), obtaining benefits in the symptoms present during the illness (decrease of pain, nausea, stress, anxiety and increase of white blood cells and neutrophils). Conclusion: therapeutic massage improves the symptoms of children with cancer, but there is a need for more research that may support the effects attributed to it.Objetivo: conhecer os efeitos do uso da massagem terapêutica em crianças com câncer. Método: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos controlados. A pesquisa foi realizada em novembro de 2014 em bases de dados científicas: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ensaios clínicos, publicados em inglês ou espanhol, analisando os efeitos da massagem nas diferentes fases e tipos de câncer infantil (entre 1 e 18 anos). Resultados: de 1007 artigos encontrados, 7 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os autores utilizam diferentes técnicas de massagem (massagem sueca, effleurage, petrissage, fricções, pressões), obtendo benefícios nos sintomas presentes durante a doença (diminuição da dor, náusea, estresse, ansiedade e aumento de glóbulos brancos e neutrófilos). Conclusão: a massagem terapêutica melhora os sintomas das crianças com câncer, mas são necessárias mais pesquisas que apoiem os efeitos atribuídos a ela.Objetivo: conocer los efectos del uso del masaje terapéutico en niños con cáncer. Método: revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos controlados la búsqueda se llevó a cabo en noviembre de 2014 en las bases de datos científicas: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane y PEDro. Los criterios de inclusión han sido: ensayos clínicos, publicados en inglés o español, en los que se analizaran los efectos del masaje en las diferentes etapas y tipos de cáncer infantil (entre 1 y 18 años). Resultados: de 1007 artículos localizados, 7 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Sus autores utilizan diferentes técnicas de masaje (masaje sueco, effleurage, petrissage, fricciones, presiones), obteniendo beneficios en los síntomas presentes durante la enfermedad (disminución del dolor, náuseas, estrés, ansiedad y aumento de glóbulos blancos y neutrófilos). Conclusión: el masaje terapéutico mejora los síntomas de los niños con cáncer, que respalden los efectos que se le atribuyen

Toward a clinical practice guide in pharmacogenomics testing for functional polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Gene/drug pairs and barriers perceived in Spain

The development of clinica lpractice recommendations or guidelines for the clinical use of biomarkers is an issue of great importance withr regard to adverse drug reactions.The poten-tial of pharmacogenomicbiomarkers has been extensively investigated in recent years.However,several barriers to implementing the use of pharmacogenomics testing exist.We conducted a survey among members of the Spanish Societies of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology to obtain information about the perception of such barriers and to compare the perceptions of participants about the relative importance of majorgene/drug pairs.Of 11 potential barriers,the highest importance was attributed to lack of institutional support for pharmacogenomic stesting,and to the issues related to the lack of guidelines.Of the proposed gene/drug pairs the highest importance was assigned to HLA-B/abacavir, UGT1A1/irinotecan, and CYP2D6/tamoxifen.In this perspective article,we compare the relative importance of 29 gene/drugpairs in the Spanish study with that of the same pairs in the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic sstudy,and we provide suggestions and areas of focus to develop a guide for clinical practice in pharmacogenomics testingThe work in the author’s laboratory is financed by Grants PS09/00943, PS09/00469, RETICS RIRAAF RD07/0064/0016, and CIBERehd from Instituto de Salud CarlosIII,Madrid, Spain, and by Grants GR10068 from Junta de Extremadura, Spain. Financed in part with FEDER funds from the European Unio

Los problemas de la convivencia: desmotivación, conflictividad y violencia escolar

A school, apart from being a site for mere instruction, must contribute to the formation of schoolchildren -and educational agents as well- as individuals and as good members of society. It must do its best for the prevention of conflicts, a kind of cross-curricular task in which all institutions with social concern should be involved. Academic success of students and the recognition of their efforts at school constitute a good method to achieve their motivation and avoid conflicts. Academic failure, on the contrary, reinforces a feeling of general failure which leads students to the rejection of tasks, to personal boredom despite the teachers´ initiative or to a clearly disruptive behaviour. In the last few years and as a result of the spread of internal and external conflicts, there is a general acceptance that life in common needs certain rules, a regulation to which it is essential to devote time, professional labour and social attention.La escuela, además de un escenario de instrucción debe formar la personalidad individual y social de sus protagonistas y agentes. Debe prevenir conflictos, tarea de carácter interdisciplinar en la que estarían involucradas todas las instituciones de protección social. El éxito escolar, el reconocimiento del esfuerzo del estudiante constituye un medio para lograr la motivación y evitar la conflictividad. El fracaso académico alimenta la sensación de fracaso general que conduce al rechazo de las tareas, al aburrimiento ante las iniciativas del profesorado o a la clara disruptividad. En los últimos años y como consecuencia de la visibilidad de los conflictos internos y externos se va comprendiendo que la vida en común necesita unas normas, una regulación a la que es imprescindible dedicar tiempo, trabajo profesional y atención social

Biomimetic gradient scaffolds containing hyaluronic acid and sr/zn folates for osteochondral tissue engineering

Regenerative therapies based on tissue engineering are becoming the most promising alternative for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, regeneration of full-thickness articular osteochondral defects that reproduces the complexity of native cartilage and osteochondral interface still remains challenging. Hence, in this work, we present the fabrication, physic-chemical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of biomimetic hierarchical scaffolds that mimic both the spatial organization and composition of cartilage and the osteochondral interface. The scaffold is composed of a composite porous support obtained by cryopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) in the presence of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), bioactive tricalcium phosphate β-TCP and the bone promoting strontium folate (SrFO), with a gradient biomimetic photo-polymerized methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) based hydrogel containing the bioactive zinc folic acid derivative (ZnFO). Microscopical analysis of hierarchical scaffolds showed an open interconnected porous open microstructure and the in vitro behaviour results indicated high swelling capacity with a sustained degradation rate. In vitro release studies during 3 weeks indicated the sustained leaching of bioactive compounds, i.e., Sr, Zn and folic acid, within a biologically active range without negative effects on human osteoblast cells (hOBs) and human articular cartilage cells (hACs) cultures. In vitro co-cultures of hOBs and hACs revealed guided cell colonization and proliferation according to the matrix microstructure and composition. In vivo rabbit-condyle experiments in a critical-sized defect model showed the ability of the biomimetic scaffold to promote the regeneration of cartilage-like tissue over the scaffold and neoformation of osteochondral tissue.This research was funded by Spanish MICINN (MAT201573656-JIN), AEI-MICINN (PID2020- 114086RB-100) and CAM (IND2018/BMD-9485