The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change

Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection of phenology measurements depicts the responses of plants at the colder extremes of our planet to experimental and ambient changes in temperature over the past decades. The database contains 150 434 phenology observations of 278 plant species taken at 28 study areas for periods of 1\u201326 years. Here we describe the full data set to increase the visibility and use of these data in global analyses and to invite phenology data contributions from underrepresented tundra locations. Portions of this tundra phenology database have been used in three recent syntheses, some data sets are expanded, others are from entirely new study areas, and the entirety of these data are now available at the Polar Data Catalogue (https://doi.org/10.21963/13215)

Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map

Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims to identify the ecological contexts in which herbivore impacts on vegetation have been studied in the Arctic. Specifically, the primary question of the systematic map was: “What evidence exists on the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation?”

The tundra phenology database: More than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change

Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection of phenology measurements depicts the responses of plants at the colder extremes of our planet to experimental and ambient changes in temperature over the past decades. The database contains 150,434 phenology observations of 278 plant species taken at 28 study areas for periods of 1 to 26 years. Here we describe the full dataset to increase the visibility and use of these data in global analyses, and to invite phenology data contributions from underrepresented tundra locations. Portions of this tundra phenology database have been used in three recent syntheses, some datasets are expanded, others are from entirely new study areas, and the entirety of these data are now available at the Polar Data Catalogue (https://doi.org/10.21963/13215)

Lärarprofessionens betydelse i konflikthantering

ABSTRACT Arbetets titel Lärarprofessionens betydelse i konflikthantering Arbetets art Examensarbete i det allmänna utbildningsområdet för lärarprogrammet Sidantal 46 Författare Jane Björk, Reine Eklund och Petra Magnusson Handledare Göran Patriksson Tidpunkt Vårterminen 2006 Bakgrund Vårt intresse för konflikthantering har väckts under lärarutbildningen. Konflikter är något som ständigt inträffar och vi anser det ingår i lärarens profession att kunna hantera dessa på ett konstruktivt och professionellt sätt. Syfte Syftet med studien är att studera konflikthantering i grundskolan. Detta för att få en insikt i betydelsen av konflikters allmänna betydelse och för att finna verktyg för konflikthantering. Vårt examensarbete kommer att fokusera på lärarprofessionen. Material och metod Uppsatsen bygger på material i form av litteratur som tar upp tidigare forskning kring konflikternas innebörd och metoder i konflikthantering. Den bygger också på en undersökning i form av kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare. Slutsatser Enligt styrdokumenten som finns i grundskolan så ingår det i lärarprofessionen att vi ska klara av att hantera konflikter på ett konstruktivt sätt. Genom detta examensarbete har vi tagit del av teorier och metoder för att kunna uppfylla detta krav, både av samhälls skäl och personliga skäl. Det är viktigt att ha en beredskap för att kunna hantera konflikter, eftersom det ofta förekommer inom skolans värld. Vi vill genom det här examensarbetet kunna få svar på våra frågor och därmed bli kunnigare inom området kring konflikthantering. Nyckelbegrepp Konflikt, lärarprofession, konflikthanteringsmetoder, skola, prosocial utveckling och tystkunskap

Gender differences in young adults’ inclination to sacrifice career opportunities in the future for family reasons: comparative study with university students from Nairobi, Madrid, and Reykjavik.

This article addresses the question of to what extent young people show an inclination to accept some sacrifice in their career progression in the future in order to reach a better work–family balance. Data come from a survey conducted among a sample of 2383 university students who attended three universities: University of Nairobi, University of Iceland, and Complutense University of Madrid. After building a set of indicators about career and family involvement aspirations of respondents, and after conducting a statistical and regression analysis, this research shows that young women (on average) still have a greater predisposition than young men to make sacrifices in the future in their working careers in order to achieve a better work–family balance. Moreover, having a high degree of leadership aspirations and belonging to an egalitarian household tend to reduce the inclination to sacrifice career opportunities, whereas having a high inclination to be involved in childcare in the future and having the perception of a future work–family conflict tend to increase it. Gender attitudes have a differential effect on female and male students: having traditional gender attitudes tends to increase the inclination to sacrifice career opportunities in the case of female students and reduce it in the case of male students