Determinants and effect of adoption of small scale biogas technology by rural households: the case of Sodo Zuria district, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to assess determinants and effect of adoption of small scale biogas technology by rural households in Sodo Zuria district, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. The population in selected three sample Kebeles were stratified into two categories (biogas user and non-user). A total of 153 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed by using interviewed schedule. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (chi-square and independent ttest) and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Logit model was used to analyze the adoption decision of biogas technology. The model result indicated that adopters and non-adopters differed in 6 out of 12 explanatory variables expected to influence the adoption of Biogas technology in the study area. Variables such as sex, education of respondents, livestock ownership, occupation, and attending training of respondents with biogas development had significant and positive influence on the use of biogas technology. On the other hand, distance to water had significant negative effect on the use of biogas technology. High installation cost (55%), negative attitude of community towards biogas energy (8%), inadequate skilled technicians (25%), lack of adequate fund, lack of interest, and poor infrastructure (10%) were the main challenges of using biogas technology. Biogas technology gives high contribution for the users especially in reduction of expenditure on cooking energy, saving time in preparation and cooking of food, provision of organic bio slurry, reduction of smoke in the kitchen, and making cooking more convenient 79%, 70%, 88%, and 95%respectively. The study suggests government and non-governmental organizations to strengthen farmers’ capacity and make them to focus on construction of new biogas technology in order to expand its benefits in the study area

The enactment of socio-technical transition pathways: a reformulated typology and a comparative multi-level analysis of theGerman and UK low-carbon electricity transitions (1990–2014)

tThis paper aims to make two contributions to the sustainability transitions literature, in particular theGeels and Schot (2007. Res. Policy 36(3), 399) transition pathways typology. First, it reformulates anddifferentiates the typology through the lens of endogenous enactment, identifying the main patternsfor actors, formal institutions, and technologies. Second, it suggests that transitions may shift betweenpathways, depending on struggles over technology deployment and institutions. Both contributions aredemonstrated with a comparative analysis of unfolding low-carbon electricity transitions in Germanyand the UK between 1990–2014. The analysis shows that Germany is on a substitution pathway, enactedby new entrants deploying small-scale renewable electricity technologies (RETs), while the UK is on atransformation pathway, enacted by incumbent actors deploying large-scale RETs. Further analysis showsthat the German transition has recently shifted from a ‘stretch-and-transform’ substitution pathway to a‘fit-and-conform’ pathway, because of a fightback from utilities and altered institutions. It also shows thatthe UK transition moved from moderate to substantial incumbent reorientation, as government policiesbecame stronger. Recent policy changes, however, substantially downscaled UK renewables support,which is likely to shift the transition back to weaker reorientation

Review of biochar role as additive in anaerobic digestion processes

because of the urgent need to provide renewable energy sources and efficiently manage the continuously growing amount of organic waste. Biochar (BC) is an extremely versatile material, which could be produced by carbonization of organic materials, including biomass and wastes, consistently with Circular Economy principles, and “tailor-made” for specific applications. The potential BC role as additive in the control of the many wellknown critical issues of AD processes has been increasingly explored over the past few years. However, a clear and comprehensive understanding of the connections between BC and AD is still missing. This review paper analyses and discusses significant references (review articles, research papers and international databases and reports), mostly published in the last 10 years. This review is aimed at addressing three key issues related to the better understanding of the BC role in AD processes: 1. Investigation of the influence of BC properties on AD performances and of their ability to counteract its main challenges; 2. Assessment of the optimal BC production chain (i.e. feedstock-pyrolysis-activation) to achieve the desired features; 3. Evaluation of the economic and environmental advantages connected to BC use in AD processes, compared to conventional solutions applied to address AD challenges

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Effizienz des Biogas-Prozesses: Biotechnische Moeglichkeiten der Optimierung Paper

Obwohl inzwischen ein hervorragender Stand der Technik erreicht ist, muss die Biogas-Technologie nach wie vor Einschaetzungen gegenuebertreten, sie sei nur unter bestimmten Bedingungen, z.B. bei intensiver Kofermentation von Abfaellen, wirtschaftlich zu realisieren. Ursache der oben genannten Probleme ist nach Ansicht des Autors immer noch die weit verbreitete Unkenntnis der wichtigen biologischen Zusammenhaenge des Biogas-Prozesses und wie diese bei der Anlagenkonzeptionierung und Prozessfuehrung zu beruecksichtigen sind. Angesichts dieser Situation wird auch deutlich, dass der betriebsbegleitende Service schon jetzt zentraler Bestandteil im Portfolio eines Anlagenherstellers sein muss. (orig.)Although biogas technology has reached a very advanced stage in the meantime it is still faced with opinions alleging that it is only economically efficient under certain restricted conditions such as intensive cofermentation of wastes. In the author's view these problems are due to the still widespread ignorance of the biological processes underlying biogas production and of how they must be taken into account in plant design and process control. This situation also clearly shows that even today aftersales service must be a key activity in the portfolio of any biogas plant manufacturer.SIGLEAvailable from: http://www.regierung.niederbayern.bayern.de/wirfuersie/biogas/biogastechnologie0 1.htm / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Chancen und Visionen der Biogastechnologie Paper

Die Biogas-Verstromung hat in den vergangenen Jahren durch das Stromeinspeise-Gesetz deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Durch das erneuerbare Energiengesetz (EEG) und natuerlich das Anreizprogramm des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums ist die ''Biogasanlage'' zu einem bedeutenden Betriebszweig nicht nur in der Landwirtschaft aufgestiegen. (orig.)Due to the Electricity Feed Law the conversion of biogas into electricity has gained significance in recent years. Thanks to the Renewable Energy Law and of course the incentive programme of the Federal Economy Ministry biogas production has become a major agricultural branch.SIGLEAvailable from: http://www.regierung.niederbayern.bayern.de/wirfuersie/biogas/biogastechnologie0 1.htm / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Guelle-Totalaufbereitung: Zielsetzung und Machbarkeit biotechnischer Ansaetze Paper

The basic purpose of full slurry treatment is to provide techniques for reducing agricultural N and PO_4 emissions to the extent that this is economically feasible and ecologically desirable. Its long-term goal is to establish mass and material management systems which meet the sustainability requirements of Agenda 21.Guelletotalaufbereitung muss im Rahmen des betriebswirtschaftlich Moeglichen und oekologisch Noetigen zunaechst Techniken bereitstellen, mit dem Ziel die N-und PO_4-Emissionen aus der Landwirtschaft zu reduzieren. Fernziel muss es sein Massen- und Stoffmanagementsysteme zu etablieren, die den Anforderungen der ''sustainability'' im Sinne der Agenda 21 gerecht wird. (orig.)Available from: http://www.regierung.niederbayern.bayern.de/wirfuersie/biogas/biogasechnologie01 .htm / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

11. Jahrestagung des Fachverbandes Biogas: BIOGAS - die universelle Energie von morgen

The meeting ''Biogas, tomorrows universal energy'' dealt with all aspects of biogas production: licensing of biogas plants, safety and quality of biogas plants, microbiology, fermented manures used as fertilizers, engineering, legal aspects, motors for biogas or vegetable oils, fuel cells, purification of biogas to natural gas quality. (uke)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman