СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ЗАХИСТ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ

Summary. Social protection of medical workers is aimed at establishing a system of legal and social guarantees that ensure the satisfaction of the professional and material needs of medical workers in accordance with their special type of professional activity and outstanding role in society. Proper regulation of the formation of a positive image of the medical profession, promotion of its values will provide professionals in the medical field with ample opportunities that affect the level of motivation and the quality of medical care for patients. The aim of the study – to identify the priority needs and bottom-up requests of healthcare providers for social protection, and to propose ways to strengthen the capa­city to improve the quality of health care. Materials and Methods. We conducted an anonymous survey of 100 nurses of the District hospital of the communal non-profit enterprise of the Konotop city council “Konotop Central District Hospital named after Academician M. Davydov” on the moral awareness of patients, the administration of a medical institution and the state in relation to respect for medical workers, which in turn forms motivation in work, self-esteem, readiness for altruism in work and empathy in conditions of social protection. Results. The management system of the health care system of Ukraine in the process of deepening integration into the world economic community is experiencing many significant changes based on the idea of unity efficiency as a result of the effectiveness of social compromise and qualified medical care. So, the invention of effective mechanisms and effective methods for the functioning of the social protection system of health workers is an urgent direction of research and an urgent task, which should be based on bottom-up initiatives, taking into account the needs of medical professionals. Conclusions. High-quality social protection will allow highly qualified medical workers to focus on more important tasks that involve direct professional development and communication with the patient; indicators of the effectiveness of medical personnel need to be improved and remain in public information; the formation of a personnel reserve in accordance with qualification requests and educational opportunities will provide a resource when revising the functions of medical workers in the direction of the latest trends in digitalization and related changes in medical care. It is necessary to investigate the national possibilities for the implementation of international requirements for the social protection of medical workers, given the high demands of modern health care regarding the quality of medical care.Резюме. Соціальний захист медичних працівників спрямований на встановлення системи правових і соціальних гарантій, що забезпечує задоволення професійних та матеріальних потреб медиків відповідно до особливого виду їх професійної діяльності, визначної ролі в суспільстві. Належне регулювання питань формування позитивного іміджу медичної професії, просування її цінностей надасть професіоналам у медичній сфері широкі можливості, які впливають на рівень мотивації та якість надання медичної допомоги пацієнтам. Мета дослідження – визначити пріоритетні потреби та висхідні запити медиків щодо соціального захисту, а також запропонувати шляхи зміцнення потенціалу підвищення якості медичного обслуговування. Матеріали і методи. Ми провели анонімне анкетування 100 медичних сестер районної лікарні Комунального некомерційного підприємства Конотопської міської ради «Конотопська центральна районна лікарня ім. академіка М. Давидова» щодо моральної свідомості пацієнтів, адміністрації лікувального закладу та держави стосовно поваги до медиків, що, у свою чергу, формує вмотивованість у роботі, самооцінку, готовність до альтруїзму в роботі та емпатії в умовах соціального захисту. Результати. Cистема управління системою охорони здоров’я України в процесі поглиблення інтеграції в світове економічне співтовариство зазнає багато істотних змін на основі ідеї єднання ефективності як результату дієвості соціального компромісу та кваліфікованої медичної допомоги. Отже, винайдення ефективних механізмів та дієвих методів функціонування системи соціального захисту медичних працівників є нагальним напрямком досліджень та актуальним завданням, що повинно ґрунтуватись на висхідних ініціативах з урахуванням потреб медиків. Висновки. Якісний соціальний захист дасть змогу висококваліфікованим медичним працівникам зосередитися на більш важливих завданнях, що передбачають безпосереднє професійне удосконалення та спілкування з пацієнтом; ключові показники ефективності медичного персоналу, зокрема щодо якості медичних послуг і задоволення пацієнтів потребують удосконалення й упровадження їх у якості публічної інформації; необхідно сформувати кадровий резерв відповідно до кваліфікаційних запитів й освітніх можливостей, який забезпечуватиме ресурс у разі перегляду функцій медичних працівників у напрямку новітніх тенденцій дигіталізації й пов’язаних з цим змін у медичному обслуговуванні. Необхідно досліджувати національні можливості для імплементації міжнародних вимог до соціального захисту медиків, з огляду на високі запити сучасної охорони здоров’я щодо якості медичної допомоги

Steam turbines produced by the Ural Turbine Works for combined-cycle plants

The most interesting and innovative solutions adopted in the projects of steam turbines for combined-cycle plants with capacities from 115 to 900 MW are pointed out. The development of some ideas and components from the first projects to subsequent ones is shown. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The impact of migration of highly skilled workers on the country's competitiveness and economic growth

The links between the migration of highly skilled workers and economic growth (in terms of GNI per capita) and the competitiveness of countries have been studied. The study is based on statistics from developed countries and using correlation-regression analysis and modelling, as well as cluster analysis using the package of processing and analysis of statistical information STATISTICA. The analysis found that the immigration of workers with higher education has a significant impact on strengthening the competitiveness and economic development of countries - this is confirmed by the impact of talent migration, which is assessed by the values of case studies ('The Human Flight and Brain Drain' sub-index Fragile States Index and 'Brain gain' sub-index' in the Global Talent Competitiveness Index and 'Highly educated workers' sub-index in the OECD indicators of talent attractiveness). Their impact on macroeconomic indicators is higher compared to the links with social development indicators. Of course, this does not mean that such links should not be seen as important in public economic development management, as they illustrate the level of efficiency achieved in creating favourable conditions for realizing the potential of highly skilled workers, including pull-factors for their immigration. But in the macroeconomic management of a competitive economy, according to our research, actions aimed at attracting highly skilled migrants have the most significant and obvious impact. Other links can be taken into account and used in modelling for the development of institutional support for proactive migration policy for highly qualified workers

Selected Factors of SMEs Managementin the Service Sector

The article aims to compare important management factors between SMEs in the service sector and SMEs in other entrepreneurship sectors. The study was realized in the Czech Republic and the Slovak republic over SMEs in the service sector and other sectors in 2019-2020. The data were collected from the owners or top-level managers; the total sample used in the study was 822 SMEs. The questionnaire was constructed in an online version and was fulfilled by 240 SMEs in the service sector and 582 other companies in the Czech or Slovak republic. The research hypotheses were evaluated by basic statistics tools: contingency tables, Z-score, and Chi-square test. The results showed that there are significant differences in the agreed attitudes to the statement: "I manage the company for more than 8 hours a day" between the Czech (62%) and Slovak (71%) respondents in the service business sector. Neither nationality nor the business sector is essential determinants in the perception of human capital as the most critical element in the company (8 out of 10 respondents) and the fact that the owner (manager) of the company should regularly evaluate the performance of its subordinates and motivate them to innovate in work processes. The results are interesting for the entrepreneurs themselves and for entities and organizations that help SMEs' business activities in selected countries, respectively, for economic policymakers

Trust crisis in the financial sector and macroeconomic stability: a structural equation modelling approach

Although the growing body of literature that recognises a destabilising role of the trust crisis in the macroeconomic stability, the understanding of mediational pathways remains limited. The current paper fills the gap by contributing to the existing literature by examining closely the mediating effect of the trust crisis in the financial sector on the indicators of macroeconomic stability due to the anticipated impact of the financial intermediation development and the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as well as their combinatorial impact. A method of structural equation modelling was used to analyse the input data. It has been empirically confirmed that exacerbation of the trust crisis in the financial sector without the use of regulatory measures is detrimental to macroeconomic stability. The results of the mediation analysis show that transmission channels of the monetary policy mechanism and developed financial sector mitigate the harmful effects of deepening the trust crisis in the financial sector and lead to an increase in macroeconomic stability indicators. From a practical perspective, the findings revealed that interest, credit, and currency channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism could be used to cope with the erosion of the trust crisis in the financial sector to macroeconomic stability

Aggregated a-synuclein and complex I deficiency: exploration of their relationship in differentiated neurons

α-Synuclein becomes misfolded and aggregated upon damage by various factors, for example, by reactive oxygen species. These aggregated forms have been proposed to have differential toxicities and their interaction with mitochondria may cause dysfunction within this organelle that contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In particular, the association of α-synuclein with mitochondria occurs through interaction with mitochondrial complex I and importantly defects of this protein have been linked to the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between aggregated α-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction, and the consequences of this interaction on cell survival. To do this, we studied the effects of α-synuclein on cybrid cell lines harbouring mutations in either mitochondrial complex I or IV. We found that aggregated α-synuclein inhibited mitochondrial complex I in control and complex IV-deficient cells. However, when aggregated α-synuclein was applied to complex I-deficient cells, there was no additional inhibition of mitochondrial function or increase in cell death. This would suggest that as complex I-deficient cells have already adapted to their mitochondrial defect, the subsequent toxic effects of α-synuclein are reduced

Red fluorescent genetically encoded indicator for intracellular hydrogen peroxide

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are conserved regulators of numerous cellular functions, and overproduction of ROS is a hallmark of various pathological processes. Genetically encoded fluorescent probes are unique tools to study ROS production in living systems of different scale and complexity. However, the currently available recombinant redox sensors have green emission, which overlaps with the spectra of many other probes. Expanding the spectral range of recombinant in vivo ROS probes would enable multiparametric in vivo ROS detection. Here we present the first genetically encoded red fluorescent sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection, HyPerRed. The performance of this sensor is similar to its green analogues. We demonstrate the utility of the sensor by tracing low concentrations of H2O2 produced in the cytoplasm of cultured cells upon growth factor stimulation. Moreover, using HyPerRed we detect local and transient H2O2 production in the mitochondrial matrix upon inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) uptake

Fucans, but Not Fucomannoglucuronans, Determine the Biological Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Laminaria saccharina Brown Seaweed

Sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria saccharina (new name: Saccharina latissima) brown seaweed show promising activity for the treatment of inflammation, thrombosis, and cancer; yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties remain poorly understood. The aim of this work was to characterize, using in vitro and in vivo strategies, the anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumor activities of two main sulfated polysaccharide fractions obtained from L. saccharina: a) L.s.-1.0 fraction mainly consisting of O-sulfated mannoglucuronofucans and b) L.s.-1.25 fraction mainly composed of sulfated fucans. Both fractions inhibited leukocyte recruitment in a model of inflammation in rats, although L.s.-1.25 appeared to be more active than L.s.-1.0. Also, these fractions inhibited neutrophil adhesion to platelets under flow. Only fraction L.s.-1.25, but not L.s.-1.0, displayed anticoagulant activity as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time. Investigation of these fractions in angiogenesis settings revealed that only L.s.-1.25 strongly inhibited fetal bovine serum (FBS) induced in vitro tubulogenesis. This effect correlated with a reduction in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in L.s.-1.25-treated endothelial cells. Furthermore, only parent sulfated polysaccharides from L. saccharina (L.s.-P) and its fraction L.s.-1.25 were powerful inhibitors of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced pathways. Consistently, the L.s.-1.25 fraction as well as L.s.-P successfully interfered with fibroblast binding to human bFGF. The incorporation of L.s.-P or L.s.-1.25, but not L.s.-1.0 into Matrigel plugs containing melanoma cells induced a significant reduction in hemoglobin content as well in the frequency of tumor-associated blood vessels. Moreover, i.p. administrations of L.s.-1.25, as well as L.s.-P, but not L.s.-1.0, resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth when inoculated into syngeneic mice. Finally, L.s.-1.25 markedly inhibited breast cancer cell adhesion to human platelet-coated surfaces. Thus, sulfated fucans are mainly responsible for the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor activities of sulfated polysaccharides from L. saccharina brown seaweed

Vulnerable marine ecosystems and biological features of Gazul mud volcano (Gulf of Cádiz): A contribution towards a potential "Gulf of Cádiz" EBSA

The Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) represents an area of socioeconomic and scientific importance for oceanographic, geological and biological processes. An interesting feature of the GoC is the presence of a large amount of mud volcanoes (MVs) and diapirs that display different seepage, seabed types, oceanographic settings and biological communities. Detailed exploration of some MVs is still needed for detecting Vulnerable Marine ecosystems (VMEs) that seem to be rare in other areas of the GoC, improving the current knowledge on its biodiversity and ecological attributes. During different expeditions (MEDWAVES-ATLAS, INDEMARES-CHICA 0610 & 0412 and ISUNEPCA 0616) carried out in different years, biological samples and videos were obtained in Gazul MV (Spanish Margin of the GoC). The study of those samples and videos has revealed the presence of several ecologically important VMEs (e.g. 3 species of reef framework-forming corals, coral gardens including solitary scleractinians, gorgonians and antipatharians, as well as deep-sea sponge aggregations and chemosynthesis-related structures) and a large number of species occurring in this MV, including new records for the European margin, threatened species and non-previously described species. The combination of different environmental and anthropogenic factors allowed the present-day persistence of these VMEs in the GoC. Some of Gazul MV biological and ecological attributes fit several criteria of the Convention on Biological Diversity for EBSA description (e.g. 1,3,4,6) that, together with those of other areas of the GoC, may contribute to the future potential nomination of an EBSA in this area of the NE Atlantic

Monoclonal antibodies directed to fucoidan preparations from brown algae

Cell walls of the brown algae contain a diverse range of polysaccharides with useful bioactivities. The precise structures of the sulfated fucan/fucoidan group of polysaccharides and their roles in generating cell wall architectures and cell properties are not known in detail. Four rat monoclonal antibodies, BAM1 to BAM4, directed to sulfated fucan preparations, have been generated and used to dissect the heterogeneity of brown algal cell wall polysaccharides. BAM1 and BAM4, respectively, bind to a non-sulfated epitope and a sulfated epitope present in the sulfated fucan preparations. BAM2 and BAM3 identified additional distinct epitopes present in the fucoidan preparations. All four epitopes, not yet fully characterised, occur widely within the major brown algal taxonomic groups and show divergent distribution patterns in tissues. The analysis of cell wall extractions and fluorescence imaging reveal differences in the occurrence of the BAM1 to BAM4 epitopes in various tissues of Fucus vesiculosus. In Ectocarpus subulatus, a species closely related to the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus, the BAM4 sulfated epitope was modulated in relation to salinity levels. This new set of monoclonal antibodies will be useful for the dissection of the highly complex and yet poorly resolved sulfated polysaccharides in the brown algae in relation to their ecological and economic significance