Północna granica zasięgu osadnictwa kultury późnej ceramiki wstęgowej

oai:ojs.pressto.amu.edu.pl:article/439The author of the article addresses the issue of the Late Linear Pottery culture settlement recognised north of traditionally defined agricultural enclaves in the Polish Lowland. Assemblages and stray finds have been analysed in terms of spatial and stylistic variability in the context of the relationship between Neolithic communities and groups of hunter-gatherers

Optimized Design of Survivable MPLS over Optical Transport Networks

International audienceIn this paper we study different options for the survivability implementation in MPLS over Optical Transport Networks in terms of network resource usage and configuration cost. We investigate two approaches to the survivability deployment: single layer and multilayer survivability and present various methods for spare capacity allocation (SCA) to reroute disrupted traffic. The comparative analysis shows the influence of the traffic granularity on the survivability cost: for high bandwidth LSPs, close to the optical channel capacity, the multilayer survivability outperforms the single layer one, whereas for low bandwidth LSPs the single layer survivability is more cost-efficient. For the multilayer survivability we demonstrate that by mapping efficiently the spare capacity of the MPLS layer onto the resources of the optical layer one can achieve up to 22% savings in the total configuration cost and up to 37% in the optical layer cost. Further savings (up to 9 %) in the wavelength use can be obtained with the integrated approach to network configuration over the sequential one, however, at the increase in the optimization problem complexity. These results are based on a cost model with actual technology pricing and were obtained for networks targeted to a nationwide coverage

Ni−W/ZrO2Ni-W/ZrO_2 nanocomposites obtained by ultrasonic DC electrodeposition

Composite coatings consisting of a nanocrystalline Ni–W alloy matrix reinforced with ZrO2 particles (average size of 50 nm) were synthesized by electrochemical deposition assisted by an external ultrasonic field. The Ni–W/ZrO2 coatings were deposited from aqueous sulphate–citrate electrolytes containing zirconia nanopowder in suspension on steel substrates in a system with a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The influence of relevant processing parameters (i.e., concentration of zirconia powder in plating bath, current density, hydrodynamic conditions, ultrasonic field frequency) on the composite characteristics was discussed. Based on micromechanical (microhardness, Young’s modulus) and microstructural (morphology, phase composition, crystallite size) properties of the coatings, the conditions for electrodeposition of crack-free, homogeneous Ni–W/ZrO2 nanocomposites with enhanced functional properties have been developed

The Effect of SOX 404(b) on Large Non-Accelerated Filers’ Earnings Per Share Rounding Behavior

I examine whether firms with the ability to manipulate earnings per share (EPS) rounding and the incentive to defer the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404(b) (SOX 404(b)) compliance round down EPS to understate earnings before a public float evaluation in the second fiscal quarter. I build on existing literature that acknowledges some firms may manipulate the post-decimal (thousandths) digit of EPS and that firms near the SOX 404(b) public float compliance threshold may initiate avoidance techniques to defer the marginal cost of an Internal Controls over Financial Reporting (ICFR) external audit. By comparing the rounding behavior of accelerated filers and non-accelerated filers with public floats between ±20% of $75 million, I provide evidence that profitable non-accelerated filers faced with the marginal SOX 404(b) compliance costs have a higher likelihood of rounding down their diluted EPS to the nearest cent in the first fiscal quarter compared to accelerated filers in the same quarter. These results are consistent with non-accelerated filers managing reported EPS to avoid costly compliance with SOX 404(b)

Coaching and Developing Non-Certified Instructional Staff in Key Literacy Practices

Paraprofessionals are vital staff members of elementary schools that often provide small group instruction for struggling students to develop key literacy skills. Despite the critical contribution paraprofessionals can provide, schools often neglect to adequately train and develop these staff members to support students’ instructional literacy needs. This project explores the relevant history of paraprofessional staff in schools and the current need for increased development and support of these staff members. Additionally, modern sustainable solutions are explored to develop paraprofessional literacy knowledge and instructional skills for these vital staff members. Programming recommendations are grounded in adult learning theory, feedback and coaching, and learning in community. Tools and recommendations are provided for administrators to systematically plan for the development of these staff members, and coaching supports and recommendations are thoroughly discussed to ultimately raise student achievement and growth in literacy skills

Revisiting the Voluntariness of Confessions after State v. Sawyer

Every individual in our society needs confidence in our criminal justice system to know that one cannot be convicted of a crime unless a fact finder is convinced of every necessary element with the highest assurances of the truth. The process of establishing facts in a criminal trial is highly dependent upon how decision-making power is allocated between the judge and the jury and upon the fairness of that allocation. This Note discusses the areas of confession law and burdens of proof in the context of how federal criminal constitutional doctrines that affect the fact-finding process offer less than clear guidance to the states. In particular, this Note compares the separate forces of fundamental fairness and the constitutional limits of presumptions in the law of confessions. In State v. Sawyer, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, sitting as the Law Court, heard the State\u27s appeal of a trial court evidence-admissibility ruling that excluded a criminal defendant\u27s arrest and alleged confession on the ground that the confession was involuntary and thus inadmissible. A divided Law Court held that the exclusion of the confession was not warranted and remanded the case for a second suppression hearing. Sawyer presented the Law Court with an opportunity to refine the common law of determining the voluntariness of confessions in Maine. The majority opinion took that opportunity by ruling that the trial court should, on remand, base its decision partly on the legal principle that criminal defendants bear a burden of producing evidence to show that their confession was involuntary. Has the substantive law now been changed? And what is its impact, if any, on principles of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution? This Note analyzes the Law Court\u27s decision and recommends that the court clarify the Sawyer holding by reviewing the role of presumptions in the law of confessions during its next confession case that includes a burden of production issue of law. The Note traces the development of the Maine law of criminal confessions and critiques the Law Court\u27s recent decision as a potential departure from state case law doctrine that generally offers substantial protection to defendants. It also examines the underlying legal principle that the court included in its opinion: that criminal defendants who may have confessed to a crime bear a burden of producing some evidence to generate an issue of fact regarding the voluntariness of their alleged confession. After considering some alternative models, this Note concludes that the Law Court should revisit this area of the law and specify the substantive law of confessions in Maine with respect to constitutional limitations. In doing so, there should remain a constitutionally permissible alternative providing that a defendant may rebut a prosecution\u27s prima facie showing of voluntariness without requiring that criminal defendants testify against themselves or provide other indirectly incriminating evidence in order to avoid an unfavorable evidentiary ruling

Brain changes associated with cognitive and emotional factors in chronic pain : a systematic review

An emerging technique in chronic pain research is MRI, which has led to the understanding that chronic pain patients display brain structure and function alterations. Many of these altered brain regions and networks are not just involved in pain processing, but also in other sensory and particularly cognitive tasks. Therefore, the next step is to investigate the relation between brain alterations and pain related cognitive and emotional factors. This review aims at providing an overview of the existing literature on this subject. Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for original research reports. Twenty eight eligible papers were included, with information on the association of brain alterations with pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Methodological quality of eligible papers was checked by two independent researchers. Evidence on the direction of these associations is inconclusive. Pain catastrophizing is related to brain areas involved in pain processing, attention to pain, emotion and motor activity, and to reduced top-down pain inhibition. In contrast to pain catastrophizing, evidence on anxiety and depressive symptoms shows no clear association with brain characteristics. However, all included cognitive or emotional factors showed significant associations with resting state fMRI data, providing that even at rest the brain reserves a certain activity for these pain-related factors. Brain changes associated with illness perceptions, pain attention, attitudes and beliefs seem to receive less attention in literature. Significance: This review shows that maladaptive cognitive and emotional factors are associated with several brain regions involved in chronic pain. Targeting these factors in these patients might normalize specific brain alterations

The association of genetic variation in CACNA1C with structure and function of a frontotemporal system

OBJECTIVES: A single nucleotide polymorphism at the CACNA1C gene (rs1006737) has been reported in genome-wide association studies to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD) with genome-wide significance. However, the neural system effects of CACNA1C that mediate the association are not known. In this study, we assessed associations between rs1006737 variation and both morphology and functional connectivity within a corticolimbic frontotemporal neural system implicated in BD. METHODS: A total of 55 European Americans were divided into two groups: a GG group homozygous for the 'G' allele (n = 30) and carriers of the high risk A allele ('A-carrier' group, AA/AG genotypes; n = 25). The subjects participated in both high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and functional MRI scans during emotional face-processing. Voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: Compared to the GG group, the A-carrier group showed significantly increased gray matter volume and reduced functional connectivity within a corticolimbic frontotemporal neural system (p < 0.05, corrected). CONCLUSION: The findings support effects of the rs1006737 variation on the frontotemporal neural system implicated in BD, both in gray matter morphology and functional connectivity. This suggests that influence of CACNA1C variation on corticolimbic structure and function may be a mechanism contributing to the neural circuitry of BD