EVOLUCIÓN GEOLÓGICA DE LA SERRANÍA DE SAN LUCAS, NORTE DEL VALLE MEDIO DEL MAGDALENA Y NOROESTE DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL

La evolución geológica de la serranía de san lucas, así como de la parte norte del valle medio del magdalena y la estribación noroeste de la cordillera oriental, se ha determinado por ocho eventos tectonoestratigráfcos. Estos eventos son, de más antiguo a más reciente: 1) evento metamórfco Proterozoico, 2) evento metamórfco Paleozoico Temprano, 3) evento volcanosedimentario Triásico Tardío - Jurásico Medio, 3a) etapa magmática Jurásica Media, 4) evento magmático Jurásico Tardío, 5) evento sedimentario Jurásico Tardío, 6) evento sedimentario Cretácico - Eoceno Temprano, 6a) etapa magmática Albiana - Cretácica Tardía, 7) evento de inversión tectónica Eoceno - Oligoceno, 8) evento Mioceno - Reciente. Palabras claves: evolución geológica. Serranía de san lucas. Tectonoestratigrafía. Cordillera central. Cordillera oriental. Valle medio del magdalena. Proterozoico al reciente.    Development of the Serranía de San Lucas was determinated by eigth tectonostratigraphic events: 1) Proterozoic Metamorfc Event, 2) Early Paleozoic Metamorfc Event, 3) Late Triassic - Early Jurassic Volcaniclastic Event, 3a) Middle Jurassic Magmatic Stage, 4) Late Jurassic Magmatic Event, 5) Late Jurassic Sedimentary Event 6) Cretacic -Early Eocene Sedimentary Event, 6a) Albian Late Cretacic Magmatic Stage, 7) Eocene-Oligocene Tectonic Inversion Event, 8) Miocene-Present Event. Keywords: Geologic Evolution. San Lucas Ridge. Tectostratigraphic. Central Mountain Range. Oriental Mountain Range. Upper Magdalena Basin. Proterozoic to recent. &nbsp

EVOLUCIÓN GEOLÓGICA DE LA SERRANÍA DE SAN LUCAS, NORTE DEL VALLE MEDIO DEL MAGDALENA Y NOROESTE DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL

La evolución geológica de la serranía de san lucas, así como de la parte norte del valle medio del magdalena y la estribación noroeste de la cordillera oriental, se ha determinado por ocho eventos tectonoestratigráfcos. Estos eventos son, de más antiguo a más reciente: 1) evento metamórfco Proterozoico, 2) evento metamórfco Paleozoico Temprano, 3) evento volcanosedimentario Triásico Tardío - Jurásico Medio, 3a) etapa magmática Jurásica Media, 4) evento magmático Jurásico Tardío, 5) evento sedimentario Jurásico Tardío, 6) evento sedimentario Cretácico - Eoceno Temprano, 6a) etapa magmática Albiana - Cretácica Tardía, 7) evento de inversión tectónica Eoceno - Oligoceno, 8) evento Mioceno - Reciente. Palabras claves: evolución geológica. Serranía de san lucas. Tectonoestratigrafía. Cordillera central. Cordillera oriental. Valle medio del magdalena. Proterozoico al reciente.    Development of the Serranía de San Lucas was determinated by eigth tectonostratigraphic events: 1) Proterozoic Metamorfc Event, 2) Early Paleozoic Metamorfc Event, 3) Late Triassic - Early Jurassic Volcaniclastic Event, 3a) Middle Jurassic Magmatic Stage, 4) Late Jurassic Magmatic Event, 5) Late Jurassic Sedimentary Event 6) Cretacic -Early Eocene Sedimentary Event, 6a) Albian Late Cretacic Magmatic Stage, 7) Eocene-Oligocene Tectonic Inversion Event, 8) Miocene-Present Event. Keywords: Geologic Evolution. San Lucas Ridge. Tectostratigraphic. Central Mountain Range. Oriental Mountain Range. Upper Magdalena Basin. Proterozoic to recent. &nbsp

Apoyo a la toma de decisiones para la mejora de la gestión en explotaciones agroforestales

La agricultura actual se encuentra inmersa en un proceso acelerado de actualización y adaptación a un modelo digital de trabajo que se extiende imparable a lo largo de toda la cadena agroalimentaria. Parte de esta evolución viene marcada por la incorporación de las TIC (tecnologías de la información y la comunicación), y por la disponibilidad de nuevas soluciones de hardware y software que están cambiando la forma de trabajar en el campo mediante la monitorización de las labores agrícolas y el análisis de los datos generados en las explotaciones

Determinantes de los flujos de capital: un enfoque empírico desde la economía del Ecuador

The variability of capital flows is conditioned by external factors, linked to the performance of the economies, but also to internal factors linked to policies to attract foreign capital, so that, during the last decades, the behavior of capital flows capital have become an important element for forecasting the economic performance of countries, which has motivated greater and better efforts to understand its dynamics and identify its main determinants in order to take advantage of its benefits and control its risks in the most effective way possible. The paper aims to identify and analyze the main factors that explain the variations in capital flows in the context of the Ecuadorian economy during the period 1990 - 2020, such determinants, according to the literature, the empirical evidence and available data are gross domestic product, country risk, international reserves, foreign direct investment, exports, and external debt. By estimating a multivariate linear regression model for time series, using the ordinary least squares method, it is determined that gross domestic product, international reserves and foreign direct investment have a positive effect and country risk a negative effect. statistically significant, on capital flows. As is evident, capital flows in Ecuador are determined by endogenous and exogenous factors that promote the entry and, on the other hand, encourage the exit of capital from the economy.La variabilidad de los flujos de capital está condicionada por factores externos, ligados al desempeño de las economías, pero también a factores internos vinculados con las políticas de atracción de capitales externos, por lo que, durante las últimas décadas, los comportamientos de los flujos de capital se han convertido en un elemento importante para pronosticar el desempeño económico de los países, lo cual ha motivado realizar mayores y mejores esfuerzos para comprender su dinámica e identificar sus principales determinantes para aprovechar sus beneficios y controlar sus riesgos de manera más efectiva posible. El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar los principales factores que explican las variaciones de los flujos de capital en el contexto de la economía ecuatoriana durante el periodo 1990 - 2020, tales determinantes, acorde a la literatura, la evidencia empírica y los datos disponible son el producto interno bruto, el riesgo país, las reservas internacionales, la inversión extranjera directa, las exportaciones y la deuda externa. Mediante la estimación de un modelo de regresión lineal multivariante para series temporales, usando el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, se determina que el producto interno bruto, las reservas internacionales y la inversión extranjera directa tienen un efecto positivo y el riesgo país un efecto negativo, estadísticamente significativos, sobre los flujos de capital. Como es evidente, los flujos de capital en el Ecuador están determinados por factores endógenos y exógenos que promueven la entrada y, por otro lado, fomentan la salida de los capitales de la economía

COVID-19 and Dentistry: a Review of Recommendations and Perspectives for Latin America

COVID-19 es una enfermedad altamente contagiosa y potencialmente mortal que nos acompañara por largo tiempo. Las profesiones de la salud y la vida en general ha sido afectada de forma significativa en todo lugar del mundo. La odontología ha pasado de una etapa de gran desarrollo clínico a una etapa donde el manejo de barrera de protección, el control de tratamientos y el tiempo asignado a los pacientes cambiará la forma de realizar la profesión. El presente trabajo pretende resumir las indicaciones y recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia disponible y realizar un análisis de la condiciones de salud oral para Latinoamérica en esta época de pandemia.COVID-19 is a profound, highly contagious and life-threatening viral disease that will be with us for a long time. Health Care-related professions and life in its entirety are significantly, and perhaps irreversibly affected, all around the World. COVID-19 is and will continue to transform Dentistry and its practise. Based on the available evidence accrued to date, this work attempts to address such changes, current and anticipated, as well as present recommendations for clinical practise implementation, tailored for Latin/South America, in light of such lifealtering momentous pandemic

Influenza A H1N1 Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Characteristics and Risk Factors—A Case-Control Study

Introduction. Influenza A H1N1 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a quite frequent respiratory disease. Despite being considered more serious than other CAPs, there are very few studies comparing its characteristics with noninfluenza CAP. We aim to establish the differences between pneumonia due to H1N1 virus and pneumonia not caused by H1N1 influenza virus and to determine the probability that a pneumonia is due to an H1N1 virus infection based on the most relevant variables. Methods. We used a case-control study where cases were H1N1 CAP patients with confirmed microbiological diagnosis and controls were patients with CAP admitted to hospital. H1N1 and other influenza types were discarded among controls. We calculated the probability of being a case or control using multivariate logistic regression. Results. We included 99 cases and 270 controls. Cases were younger than controls (53 vs 71 years, respectively). Mortality was much higher for H1N1 patients (13% vs 0.3%), and admission to intensive care unit was more frequent for H1N1 cases. The variables most associated with presenting H1N1 CAP were bilateral affectation on chest X-rays (OR: 5.70; 95% CI 2.69–10.40), followed by presence of arthromyalgias, with cases presenting close to three times more arthromyalgias compared to controls. Low leukocytes count and high AST values were also significantly associated with H1N1 CAP. H1N1 CAPs are characterized by bilateral affectation, low leukocyte count, presence of arthromyalgias, and high AST. Conclusions. A few and easy to obtain clinical parameters might be extremely useful to distinguish H1N1 CAP from CAPs of other origin.S

Investigación Educativa en las Ciencias Sociales

El libro se organiza en cinco grandes secciones, cada una con diferentes capítulos: La primera de ellas, rescata dos temas vinculados con aspectos teórico metodológicos de la Investigación Educativa; La segunda sección recoge algunos planteamientos del nivel básico; en tanto que la tercera, concentra dos capítulos de investigación en el nivel superior; la cuarta parte recupera y muestra dos aportes de nivel posgrado y, finalmente, se cierra con una quinta sección donde se concentran, distintos capítulos, de tópicos diversos

Development and validation of a clinical score to estimate progression to severe or critical state in Covid-19 pneumonia hospitalized patients

The prognosis of a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia is uncertain. Our objective was to establish a predictive model of disease progression to facilitate early decision-making. A retrospective study was performed of patients admitted with Covid-19 pneumonia, classified as severe (admission to the intensive care unit, mechanic invasive ventilation, or death) or non-severe. A predictive model based on clinical, analytical, and radiological parameters was built. The probability of progression to severe disease was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Calibration and discrimination (receiver operating characteristics curves and AUC) were assessed to determine model performance. During the study period 1,152 patients presented with Covid-19 infection, of whom 229 (19.9%) were admitted for pneumonia. During hospitalization, 51 (22.3%) progressed to severe disease, of whom 26 required ICU care (11.4); 17 (7.4%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 32 (14%) died of any cause. Five predictors determined within 24 hours of admission were identified: Diabetes, Age, Lymphocyte count, SaO2, and pH (DALSH score). The prediction model showed a good clinical performance, including discrimination (AUC 0.87 CI 0.81, 0.92) and calibration (Brier score = 0.11). In total, 0%, 12%, and 50% of patients with severity risk scores ≤5%, 6-25%, and >25% exhibited disease progression, respectively. A simple risk score based on five factors predicts disease progression and facilitates early decision-making according to prognosis.Carlos III Health Institute, Spain, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SPAIN) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio