191 research outputs found
“They Think We Are a Threat to Their Culture”: Meta-Cultural Threat Fuels Willingness and Endorsement of Extremist Violence against the Cultural Outgroup
Abstrac
“Not one of us”: predictors and consequences of denying ingroup characteristics to ambiguous targets
We investigated individual difference predictors of ascribing ingroup characteristics to negative and positive ambiguous targets. Studies 1 and 2 investigated events involving negative targets whose status as racial (Tsarnaev brothers) or national (Woolwich attackers) ingroup members remained ambiguous. Immediately following the attacks, we presented White Americans and British individuals with the suspects’ images. Those higher in social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)—concerned with enforcing status boundaries and adherence to ingroup norms, respectively—perceived these low status and low conformity suspects as looking less White and less British, thus denying them ingroup characteristics. Perceiving suspects in more exclusionary terms increased support for treating them harshly, and for militaristic counter-terrorism policies prioritizing ingroup safety over outgroup harm. Studies 3 and 4 experimentally manipulated a racially ambiguous target’s status and conformity. Results suggested that target status and conformity critically influence SDO’s (status) and RWA’s (conformity) effects on inclusionary versus exclusionary perceptions
Thermal performance of a controllable pavement solar collector prototype with configuration flexibility
Solar energy harvesting as a renewable and sustainable energy source has been widely investigated in recent years across engineering fields. The use of Pavement Solar Collectors (PSC) can lead to clean energy production, an increase in road safety, prolong the service life of asphalt pavement, and can mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This study describes a controllable large-scale research PSC prototype with high configuration flexibility, and full monitoring capability at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Since small- or laboratory-scale setups do not reflect the behavior of actual projects, the present paper investigates the thermal response of a large-scale PSC in the Western European climate, including heating load, heat extraction capacity, and asphalt surface and profile temperature changes during heating and cooling experiments. The study shows that a low supply temperature compared to high (14 °C vs. 28 °C) can reduce the depletion rate of the stored thermal energy in borehole thermal energy storage up to 7 times. The sensitivity analysis indicates that an increase in flow rate from laminar to transient regime requires twice as much thermal power compared to the same flow rate changes within transient and turbulent regimes. The maximum average daily efficiency of the PSC could reach 34% with a flow rate of 4 l/min. The experimental results showed that increasing the pipe length from 50 m to 200 m reduces the cumulative power extraction capacity by up to 48%. Furthermore, the PSC system shows great potential in reducing the asphalt surface temperature (up to 12 °C) to mitigate the UHI effects. Finally, the PSC system effectively controls the temperatures of the interface zones to reduce the rutting distress in the summertime and lower the potential of cold thermal crack developments and brittle shear failure behavior in wintertime
The synthesis of C-13(6) -labeled L-thyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3,3 ', 5-triiodothyroacetic acid and 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetraiodothyroacetic acid
Diffuse Galactic light at high Galactic latitude: nature and interpretation
The hypothesis of an extended red emission (ERE) in diffuse Galactic light
(DGL) has been put forward in 1998 by Gordon, Witt and Friedmann who found that
scattered starlight was not enough to explain the amount of DGL in the R band,
in some high Galactic latitude directions. This paper re-investigates, for high
Galactic latitudes, the brightnesses and colours of DGL, integrated star and
galaxy light (ISGL), and of the total extrasolar light (ISGL+DGL) measured by
Pioneer. Under the traditional assumption that DGL is forward scattering of
background starlight by interstellar dust on the line of sight, ISGL and
Pioneer have very close colours, as it is found by Gordon, Witt and Friedmann.
Pioneer observations at high |b| thus accept an alternative and simple
interpretation, with no involvement of ERE in DGL.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Dwarf elliptical galaxies in Centaurus A group: stellar populations in AM 1339-445 and AM 1343-452
We study the red giant populations of two dE galaxies, AM 1339-445 and AM
1343-452, with the aim of investigating the number and luminosity of any upper
asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars present. The galaxies are members of the
Centaurus A group (D~3.8 Mpc) and are classified as outlying (R~350 kpc)
satellites of Cen A. The analysis is based on near-IR photometry for individual
red giant stars, derived from images obtained with ISAAC on the VLT. The
photometry, along with optical data derived from WFPC2 images retrieved from
the HST science archive, enable us to investigate the stellar populations of
the dEs in the vicinity of the red giant branch (RGB) tip. In both systems we
find stars above the RGB tip, which we interpret as intermediate-age upper-AGB
stars. The presence of such stars is indicative of extended star formation in
these dEs similar to that seen in many, but not all, dEs in the Local Group.
For AM 1339-445, the brightest of the upper-AGB stars have Mbol~-4.5 while
those in AM 1343-452 have Mbol~-4.8 mag. These luminosities suggest ages of
approximately 6.5+/-1 and 4+/-1 Gyr as estimates for the epoch of the last
episode of significant star formation in these systems. In both cases the
number of upper-AGB stars suggests that ~15% of the total stellar population is
in the form of intermediate-age stars, considerably less than is the case for
outlying dE satellites of the Milky Way such as Fornax and LeoI.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures, A&A accepted; high resolution version available
from: http://www.eso.org/~mrejkuba/CenA_dEs_I.pd
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The Nature of Islamophobia: A Test of a Tripartite View in Five Countries.
Funder: Excellence Initiative of the states and the federal government (German Research Foundation)This article provides an examination of the structure of Islamophobia across cultures. Our novel measure-the Tripartite Islamophobia Scale (TIS)-embeds three theoretically and statistically grounded subcomponents of Islamophobia: anti-Muslim prejudice, anti-Islamic sentiment, and conspiracy beliefs. Across six samples (i.e., India, Poland, Germany, France, and the United States), preregistered analyses corroborated that these three subcomponents are statistically distinct. Measurement invariance analyses indicated full scalar invariance, suggesting that the tripartite understanding of Islamophobia is generalizable across cultural contexts. Furthermore, the subcomponents were partially dissociated in terms of the intergroup emotions they are predicted by as well as the intergroup outcomes they predict (e.g., dehumanization, ethnic persecution). For example, intergroup anger and disgust underpin Islamophobic attitudes, over and above the impact of fear. Finally, our results show that social dominance orientation (SDO) and ingroup identification moderate intergroup emotions and Islamophobia. We address both theoretical implications for the nature of Islamophobia and practical interventions to reduce it
Globular cluster system and Milky Way properties revisited
Updated data of the 153 Galactic globular clusters are used to readdress
fundamental parameters of the Milky Way. We build a reduced sample,
decontaminated of the clusters younger than 10Gyr, those with retrograde orbits
and/or evidence of relation to dwarf galaxies. The 33 metal-rich globular
clusters of the reduced sample extend basically to the Solar circle and
distribute over a region with projected axial-ratios typical of an oblate
spheroidal, . The 81
metal-poor globular clusters span a nearly spherical region of axial-ratios
extending from the central parts to the outer halo. A new
estimate of the Sun's distance to the Galactic center is provided, . The metal-rich and metal-poor radial-density distributions
flatten for and are well represented both by a power-law
with a core-like term and S\'ersic's law; at large distances they fall off as
. Both metallicity components appear to have a common origin,
which is different from that of the dark matter halo. Structural similarities
of the metal-rich and metal-poor radial distributions with the stellar halo are
consistent with a scenario where part of the reduced sample was formed in the
primordial collapse, and part was accreted in an early period of merging. This
applies to the bulge as well, suggesting an early merger affecting the central
parts of the Galaxy. We estimate that the present globular cluster population
corresponds to of the original one. The fact that the
volume-density radial distributions of the metal-rich and metal-poor globular
clusters of the reduced sample follow both a core-like power-law and S\'ersic's
law indicates that we are dealing with spheroidal subsystems in all scales.Comment: 14 pages and 6 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics, accepted on NOv. 2
The Nature of Islamophobia: A Test of a Tripartite View in Five Countries.
Funder: Excellence Initiative of the states and the federal government (German Research Foundation)This article provides an examination of the structure of Islamophobia across cultures. Our novel measure-the Tripartite Islamophobia Scale (TIS)-embeds three theoretically and statistically grounded subcomponents of Islamophobia: anti-Muslim prejudice, anti-Islamic sentiment, and conspiracy beliefs. Across six samples (i.e., India, Poland, Germany, France, and the United States), preregistered analyses corroborated that these three subcomponents are statistically distinct. Measurement invariance analyses indicated full scalar invariance, suggesting that the tripartite understanding of Islamophobia is generalizable across cultural contexts. Furthermore, the subcomponents were partially dissociated in terms of the intergroup emotions they are predicted by as well as the intergroup outcomes they predict (e.g., dehumanization, ethnic persecution). For example, intergroup anger and disgust underpin Islamophobic attitudes, over and above the impact of fear. Finally, our results show that social dominance orientation (SDO) and ingroup identification moderate intergroup emotions and Islamophobia. We address both theoretical implications for the nature of Islamophobia and practical interventions to reduce it
The distance of M33 and the stellar population in its outskirts
We present deep V,I photometry of two $9.4' x 9.4' field in the outer regions
of the M33 galaxy. We obtain a robust detection of the luminosity of the Red
Giant Branch Tip (I{TRGB}=20.72 +- 0.08) from which we derived a new estimate
of the distance modulus of M33, (m-M)_0=24.64 +- 0.15, corresponding to a
distance D=847 +- 60 Kpc. By comparison of the color and magnitude of the
observed Red Giant Branch stars with ridge lines of template globular clusters
we obtained the photometric metallicity distribution of the considered fields
in three different metallicity scales. The derived metallicity distributions
are very similar over a range of distances from the galactic center 10' <= R <=
33', and are characterized by a well defined peak at [M/H] ~ -0.7 ([Fe/H] ~
-1.0, in the Zinn & West scale) and a weak metal-poor tail reaching [M/H] ~
-2.0. Our observations demonstrate that Red Giant Branch and Asymptotic Giant
Branch stars have a radial distribution that is much more extended than the
young MS stars associated with the star-forming disc.Comment: 10 pages,10 figures,accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
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