A linguagem como fator de consolidação da identidade étnica dos alemães russos

The article aims at identifying the attributes of ethnic identity and ethnic concepts of minority groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular, the Russian Germans living in the city of Glazov and the Vyatka-Kama region. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand and to study the shared characteristics of the ethnic identity of the German ethnic group: national self-awareness, preservation and revival of the ethnic culture and traditions, language preservation. The materials of the research are the tape recordings of unprepared German and Russian speech which were made during dialectological and ethnographic expeditions to Glazov. The speech of three informants is analyzed in the study. Nine main parameters of the ethnic identity are examined in relation to the Russian Germans of Glazov: common history, common territory, religion, living environment, family background, folklore, behavior standards, mentality of the ethnic group, and the common language. The language is described in more detail in the study. The results of the study suggest that the ethnic identity of the Russian Germans in question is a changing dynamic category. In our opinion, the language is the most important consolidating factor of the cultural integrity of an ethnic group, an instrument for sharing culturally important information and experience; so it is one of the core parameters of ethnic identity of the Russian Germans living in Glazov. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of German dialectology and German speech islands.El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los atributos de la identidad étnica y los conceptos étnicos de los grupos minoritarios que viven en el territorio de la Federación de Rusia, en particular, los alemanes rusos que viven en la ciudad de Glazov y la región de Vyatka-Kama. La relevancia del estudio está determinada por la necesidad de comprender y estudiar las características compartidas de la identidad étnica del grupo étnico alemán: autoconciencia nacional, preservación y renacimiento de la cultura y tradiciones étnicas, preservación del idioma. Los materiales de la investigación son las grabaciones en cinta de habla alemana y rusa sin preparación que se hicieron durante las expediciones dialectológicas y etnográficas a Glazov. En el estudio se analiza el discurso de tres informantes. Se examinan nueve parámetros principales de la identidad étnica en relación con los alemanes rusos de Glazov: historia común, territorio común, religión, entorno de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, normas de comportamiento, mentalidad del grupo étnico y el idioma común. El idioma se describe con más detalle en el estudio. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos en cuestión es una categoría dinámica cambiante. En nuestra opinión, el idioma es el factor de consolidación más importante de la integridad cultural de un grupo étnico, un instrumento para compartir información y experiencias de importancia cultural; por lo que es uno de los parámetros centrales de la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos que viven en Glazov. Este artículo será de interés para los investigadores en el campo de la dialectología alemana y las islas de habla alemana.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar os atributos de identidade étnica e conceitos étnicos de grupos minoritários residentes no território da Federação Russa, em particular, os russos alemães residentes na cidade de Glazov e na região de Vyatka-Kama. A relevância do estudo é determinada pela necessidade de compreender e estudar as características comuns da identidade étnica do grupo étnico alemão: autoconsciência nacional, preservação e revivificação da cultura e tradições étnicas, preservação da língua. Os materiais da pesquisa são as gravações em fita do discurso alemão e russo despreparado, feitas durante expedições dialetológicas e etnográficas a Glazov. A fala de três informantes é analisada no estudo. Nove parâmetros principais da identidade étnica são examinados em relação aos russos-alemães de Glazov: história comum, território comum, religião, ambiente de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, padrões de comportamento, mentalidade do grupo étnico e a língua comum. A linguagem é descrita com mais detalhes no estudo. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a identidade étnica dos russos-alemães em questão é uma categoria dinâmica em mudança. Em nossa opinião, a língua é o mais importante fator de consolidação da integridade cultural de uma etnia, um instrumento de compartilhamento de informações e experiências culturalmente importantes; portanto, é um dos parâmetros centrais da identidade étnica dos russos-alemães que vivem em Glazov. Este artigo será de interesse para pesquisadores no campo da dialetologia alemã e das ilhas de fala alemãs

Language as a consolidating factor of ethnic identity of the russian germans

The article aims at identifying the attributes of ethnic identity and ethnic concepts of minority groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular, the Russian Germans living in the city of Glazov and the Vyatka-Kama region. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand and to study the shared characteristics of the ethnic identity of the German ethnic group: national self-awareness, preservation and revival of the ethnic culture and traditions, language preservation. The materials of the research are the tape recordings of unprepared German and Russian speech which were made during dialectological and ethnographic expeditions to Glazov. The speech of three informants is analyzed in the study. Nine main parameters of the ethnic identity are examined in relation to the Russian Germans of Glazov: common history, common territory, religion, living environment, family background, folklore, behavior standards, mentality of the ethnic group, and the common language. The language is described in more detail in the study. The results of the study suggest that the ethnic identity of the Russian Germans in question is a changing dynamic category. In our opinion, the language is the most important consolidating factor of the cultural integrity of an ethnic group, an instrument for sharing culturally important information and experience; so it is one of the core parameters of ethnic identity of the Russian Germans living in Glazov. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of German dialectology and German speech islands.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar os atributos de identidade étnica e conceitos étnicos de grupos minoritários residentes no território da Federação Russa, em particular, os russos alemães residentes na cidade de Glazov e na região de Vyatka-Kama. A relevância do estudo é determinada pela necessidade de compreender e estudar as características comuns da identidade étnica do grupo étnico alemão: autoconsciência nacional, preservação e revivificação da cultura e tradições étnicas, preservação da língua. Os materiais da pesquisa são as gravações em fita do discurso alemão e russo despreparado, feitas durante expedições dialetológicas e etnográficas a Glazov. A fala de três informantes é analisada no estudo. Nove parâmetros principais da identidade étnica são examinados em relação aos russos-alemães de Glazov: história comum, território comum, religião, ambiente de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, padrões de comportamento, mentalidade do grupo étnico e a língua comum. A linguagem é descrita com mais detalhes no estudo. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a identidade étnica dos russos-alemães em questão é uma categoria dinâmica em mudança. Em nossa opinião, a língua é o mais importante fator de consolidação da integridade cultural de uma etnia, um instrumento de compartilhamento de informações e experiências culturalmente importantes; portanto, é um dos parâmetros centrais da identidade étnica dos russos-alemães que vivem em Glazov. Este artigo será de interesse para pesquisadores no campo da dialetologia alemã e das ilhas de fala alemãs.El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los atributos de la identidad étnica y los conceptos étnicos de los grupos minoritarios que viven en el territorio de la Federación de Rusia, en particular, los alemanes rusos que viven en la ciudad de Glazov y la región de Vyatka-Kama. La relevancia del estudio está determinada por la necesidad de comprender y estudiar las características compartidas de la identidad étnica del grupo étnico alemán: autoconciencia nacional, preservación y renacimiento de la cultura y tradiciones étnicas, preservación del idioma. Los materiales de la investigación son las grabaciones en cinta de habla alemana y rusa sin preparación que se hicieron durante las expediciones dialectológicas y etnográficas a Glazov. En el estudio se analiza el discurso de tres informantes. Se examinan nueve parámetros principales de la identidad étnica en relación con los alemanes rusos de Glazov: historia común, territorio común, religión, entorno de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, normas de comportamiento, mentalidad del grupo étnico y el idioma común. El idioma se describe con más detalle en el estudio. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos en cuestión es una categoría dinámica cambiante. En nuestra opinión, el idioma es el factor de consolidación más importante de la integridad cultural de un grupo étnico, un instrumento para compartir información y experiencias de importancia cultural; por lo que es uno de los parámetros centrales de la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos que viven en Glazov. Este artículo será de interés para los investigadores en el campo de la dialectología alemana y las islas de habla alemana

Present-day and mid-Holocene biomes reconstructed from pollen and plant macrofossil data from the former Soviet Union and Mongolia

Fossil pollen data supplemented by tree macrofossil records were used to reconstruct the vegetation of the Former Soviet Union and Mongolia at 6000 years. Pollen spectra were assigned to biomes using the plant-functional-type method developed by Prentice et al. (1996). Surface pollen data and a modern vegetation map provided a test of the method. This is the first time such a broad-scale vegetation reconstruction for the greater part of northern Eurasia has been attempted with objective techniques. The new results confirm previous regional palaeoenvironmental studies of the mid-Holocene while providing a comprehensive synopsis and firmer conclusions. West of the Ural Mountains temperate deciduous forest extended both northward and southward from its modern range. The northern limits of cool mixed and cool conifer forests were also further north than present. Taiga was reduced in European Russia, but was extended into Yakutia where now there is cold deciduous forest. The northern limit of taiga was extended (as shown by increased Picea pollen percentages, and by tree macrofossil records north of the present-day forest limit) but tundra was still present in north-eastern Siberia. The boundary between forest and steppe in the continental interior did not shift substantially, and dry conditions similar to present existed in western Mongolia and north of the Aral Sea

Genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with preeclampsia in European and Central Asian women

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal health. In genome-wide association meta-analysis of European and Central Asian mothers, we identify sequence variants that associate with preeclampsia in the maternal genome at ZNF831/20q13 and FTO/16q12. These are previously established variants for blood pressure (BP) and the FTO variant has also been associated with body mass index (BMI). Further analysis of BP variants establishes that variants at MECOM/3q26, FGF5/4q21 and SH2B3/12q24 also associate with preeclampsia through the maternal genome. We further show that a polygenic risk score for hypertension associates with preeclampsia. However, comparison with gestational hypertension indicates that additional factors modify the risk of preeclampsia. Studies to identify maternal variants associated with preeclampsia have been limited by sample size. Here, the authors meta-analyze eight GWAS of 9,515 preeclamptic women, identifying five variants associated with preeclampsia and showing that genetic predisposition to hypertension is a major risk factor for preeclampsia.Peer reviewe

Genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with preeclampsia in European and Central Asian women

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal health. In genome-wide association meta-analysis of European and Central Asian mothers, we identify sequence variants that associate with preeclampsia in the maternal genome at ZNF831/20q13 and FTO/16q12. These are previously established variants for blood pressure (BP) and the FTO variant has also been associated with body mass index (BMI). Further analysis of BP variants establishes that variants at MECOM/3q26, FGF5/4q21 and SH2B3/12q24 also associate with preeclampsia through the maternal genome. We further show that a polygenic risk score for hypertension associates with preeclampsia. However, comparison with gestational hypertension indicates that additional factors modify the risk of preeclampsia

Effectiveness and safety of empegfilgrastim (Extimia®) in patients with solid tumors receiving cytotoxic therapy: final results of the DEFENDOR study

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Extimia® (empegfilgrastim, JSC "BIOCAD") in reducing the frequency, duration of neutropenia, the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and infections caused by FN in patients with solid tumors receiving myelosuppressive therapy. Materials and methods. The paper presents the final results of a multicenter prospective observational post-marketing study of the safety and effectiveness of Extimia® (empegfilgrastim) in patients with solid tumors receiving cytotoxic therapy. For the primary prevention of FN, all patients received empegfilgrastim at 7.5 mg subcutaneously once per course of chemotherapy (CT) 24 hours after the end of CT administration. The primary endpoint included an assessment of the relative dose-intensity (RDI) of the CT courses administered. The endpoints of interest included the assessment of the RDI of CT courses by nosology and CT regimen, the frequency of dose-limiting neutropenia, and the incidence of all adverse events (AEs) in patients who received at least one dose of the study medication, including serious AEs. Results. From February 2021 to December 2022, 3218 patients with various malignancies were included in 41 study centers of the Russian Fede- ration. Of these, 3217 (99.97%) patients received at least one dose of the study drug, and 2663 (82.8%) patients were included in the RDI evaluation population according to the study protocol. The mean age in this group was 56.9 (18–84) years. RDI ≥85% was achieved in 2,415 (90.7%) patients. The mean RDI was 96.2%, with a median of 100%. FN risk factors were present in 1216 (45.7%) patients, with age ≥65 years being the most common risk factor at 761/2663 (28.6%). It should be noted that in patients younger than 65 years, the RDI was 91.5%, and in elderly patients (≥65 years) 88.7%. Dose-limiting neutropenia was reported in 19 (0.7%) patients. There were 74 cases of grade 3–4 AEs (according to CTCAE v.5) in 59 (1.8%) patients. The most common were neutropenia, anemia, and diarrhea in 19 (0.7%), 7 (0.2%), and 6 (0.2%) patients, respectively. Serious AEs were reported in 17 patients (0.5%). Conclusion. Primary prophylaxis of FN with long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor empegfilgrastim effectively maintains RDI in various nosological and therapeutic groups of patients with different CT regimens in real-world clinical practice

Genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with preeclampsia in European and Central Asian women

Abstract Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal health. In genome-wide association meta-analysis of European and Central Asian mothers, we identify sequence variants that associate with preeclampsia in the maternal genome at ZNF831/20q13 and FTO/16q12. These are previously established variants for blood pressure (BP) and the FTO variant has also been associated with body mass index (BMI). Further analysis of BP variants establishes that variants at MECOM/3q26, FGF5/4q21 and SH2B3/12q24 also associate with preeclampsia through the maternal genome. We further show that a polygenic risk score for hypertension associates with preeclampsia. However, comparison with gestational hypertension indicates that additional factors modify the risk of preeclampsia. Studies to identify maternal variants associated with preeclampsia have been limited by sample size. Here, the authors meta-analyze eight GWAS of 9,515 preeclamptic women, identifying five variants associated with preeclampsia and showing that genetic predisposition to hypertension is a major risk factor for preeclampsia