Hydrologic homogeneous regions using monthly Streamflow in Turkey

Cluster analysis of gauged streamflow records into homogeneous and robust regions is an important tool for the characterization of hydrologic systems. In this paper we applied the hierarchical cluster analysis to the task of objectively classifying streamflow data into regions encompassing similar streamflow patterns over Turkey. The performance of three standardization techniques was also tested, and standardizing by range was found better than standardizing with zero mean and unit variance. Clustering was carried out using Ward’s minimum variance method which became prominent in managing water resources with squared Euclidean dissimilarity measures on 80 streamflow stations. The stations have natural flow regimes where no intensive river regulation had occurred. A general conclusion drawn is that the zones having similar streamflow pattern were not be overlapped well with the conventional climate zones of Turkey; however, they are coherent with the climate zones of Turkey recently redefined by the cluster analysis to total precipitation data as well as homogenous streamflow zones of Turkey determined by the rotated principal component analysis. The regional streamflow information in this study can significantly improve the accuracy of flow predictions in ungauged watersheds

Estimation of the interfacial shears strength, orientation factor and mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength in old newspaper fiber/polypropylene composites

The present paper investigates the suitability of old newspapers (ONPs) as a source of reinforcing fibers for composite materials. Different percentages of ONP fibers were compounded with polypropylene (PP). A coupling agent was added to the compound to improve the interface between matrix and reinforcing fibers. Tensile test were performed to obtain the mechanical properties of the composite materials. Micromechanics of the fibers were obtained using Hirsch model, Bowyer Bader methodology and Kelly-Tyson equations. Due to the presence of a percentage of calcium carbonate in the obtained fibers (10%), the computed intrinsic characteristics were addressed as equivalent. The most important results were the mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength of the ONP fibers, the mean orientation angle and the mean interfacial shear strength. The contributions of the matrix, the subcritical and the supercritical fibers to the tensile strength of the composite material were also computed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Serrano, A.; Espinach, FX.; Julian, F.; Rey Tormos, RMD.; Mendez, JA.; Mutje, P. (2013). Estimation of the interfacial shears strength, orientation factor and mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength in old newspaper fiber/polypropylene composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 50:232-238. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.02.018S2322385

Macro and micromechanics analysis of short fiber composites stiffness: The case of old newspaper fibers-polypropylene composites

Stiffness is one of the most relevant characteristics of composite materials. Natural wood fibers have demonstrated their ability to increase the Young's moduli of composite materials, and old newspapers are a potential source of reinforcing fibers for composite materials. There are some micromechanic models to predict the Young's modulus of composite materials, and one of the input data is the intrinsic modulus of their fibers. This intrinsic modulus is a value which is difficult or impossible to measure in the case of wood fibers, due to their measures. This paper evaluates the stiffening abilities of old newspaper fibers and the possibility to back calculate the value of the intrinsic Young's Modulus by means of micromechanic models. Different percentages of old newspaper fibers were compounded with polypropylene (PP). Micromechanics of the fibers were obtained using Hirsch model, Cox-Krenchel's model, Tsai-Pagano model and Halpin-Tsai equations. The most important results were the average intrinsic Young's modulus of the fibers, the mean orientation angle and the mean modulus efficiency factor.Serrano, A.; Espinach, FX.; Tresserras, J.; Rey Tormos, RMD.; Pellicer, N.; Mutje Pujol, P. (2014). Macro and micromechanics analysis of short fiber composites stiffness: The case of old newspaper fibers-polypropylene composites. Materials and Design. 55:319-324. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.011S3193245

Pulmonary delivery of Nanocomposite Microparticles (NCMPs) incorporating miR-146a for treatment of COPD.

The treatment and management of COPD by inhalation to the lungs has emerged as an attractive alternative route to oral dosing due to higher concentrations of the drug being administered to site of action. In this study, Nanocomposite Microparticles (NCMPs) of microRNA (miR-146a) containing PGA-co-PDL nanoparticles (NPs) for dry powder inhalation were formulated using l-leucine and mannitol. The spray-drying (Buchi B290) process was optimised and used to incorporate NPs into NCMPs using mix of l-leucine and mannitol excipients in different ratios (F1; 100:0% w/w, F2; 75:25% w/w, F3; 50:50% w/w, F4; 25:75% w/w, F5; 0:100% w/w) to investigate yield %, moisture content, aerosolisation performance and miR-146a biological activity. The optimum condition was performed at feed rate 0.5 ml/min, aspirator rate 28 m3/h, atomizing air flow rate 480 L/h, and inlet drying temperature 70 °C which produced highest yield percentage and closest recovered NPs size to original prior spray-drying. The optimum formulation (F4) had a high yield (86.0 ± 15.01%), recovered NPs size after spray-drying 409.7 ± 10.05 nm (initial NPs size 244.8 ± 4.40 nm) and low moisture content (2.02 ± 0.03%). The aerosolisation performance showed high Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) 51.33 ± 2.9%, Emitted Dose (ED) of 81.81 ± 3.0%, and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was ≤5 µm suggesting a deposition in the respirable region of the lungs. The biological activity of miR-146a was preserved after spray-drying process and miR-146a loaded NCMPs produced target genes IRAK1 and TRAF6 silencing. These results indicate the optimal process parameters for the preparation of NCMPs of miR-146a-containing PGA-co-PDL NPs suitable for inhalation in the treatment and management of COPD

Oxytocin activates NF-kappa B-mediated inflammatory pathways in human gestational tissues

Human labour, both at term and preterm, is preceded by NF-κB-mediated inflammatory activation within the uterus, leading to myometrial activation, fetal membrane remodelling and cervical ripening. The stimuli triggering inflammatory activation in normal human parturition are not fully understood. We show that the neurohypophyseal peptide, oxytocin (OT), activates NF-κB and stimulates downstream inflammatory pathways in human gestational tissues. OT stimulation (1 pM–100 nM) specifically via its receptor (OTR) in human myometrial and amnion primary cells led to MAPK and NF-κB activation within 15 min and maximal p65-subunit nuclear translocation within 30 min. Both in human myometrium and amnion, OT-induced activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway upregulated key inflammatory labour-associated genes including IL-8, CCL5, IL-6 and COX-2. IKKβ inhibition (TPCA1; 10 µM) suppressed OT-induced NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation, whereas p65-siRNA knockdown reduced basal and OT-induced COX-2 levels in myometrium and amnion. In both gestational tissues, MEK1/2 (U0126; 10 µM) or p38 inhibition (SB203580; 10 µM) suppressed OT-induced COX-2 expression, but OT-induced p65-phosphorylation was only inhibited in amnion, suggesting OT activation of NF-κB in amnion is MAPK-dependent. Our data provide new insight into the OT/OTR system in human parturition and suggest that its therapeutic modulation could be a strategy for regulating both contractile and inflammatory pathways in the clinical context of term/preterm labour

Cloning, characterization and paper pulp applications of a newly isolated DyP type peroxidase from Rhodococcus sp. T1

WOS: 000462022300057PubMed: 30474775A newly identified ligninolytic Rhodococcus strain (Rhodococcus sp. T1) was isolated from forestry wastes (Trabzon/Turkey). The DyP type peroxidase of Rhodococcus sp. T1 (DyPT1) was cloned, characterized and paper treated for industrial applications. Molecular weight of the protein was about 38kDa. The kinetic parameters were 0.94mM and 1417.53 mu mol/min/mg for Km and Vmax, respectively. The enzyme was active at the temperature range of 25-65 degrees C and optimum temperature was 35 degrees C, enzyme was stable up to 6 days at room temperature. Optimum pH of the DyPT1 was 4.0 and it was stable between pH 4.0-6.0 up to 8 days at room temperature. Effects of some metal ions, Hemin, and some chemical agents on DyPT1 were determined. Hemin has implemented protective effects on the stability and the activity of the enzyme in long time periods when added into growing medium. DyPT1 was applied to eucalyptus kraft pulp for analyzing the bleaching efficiency, physical and optical tests of the manufuctared paper were carried out. Application of lignin peroxidase to kraft pulp caused a decrease of 5.2 units for kappa number and an increase from 52.05 to 64.18% in the delignification rate.Karadeniz Technical University Research Foundation [FBA-2015-5182]This study was financially supported by Karadeniz Technical University Research Foundation (Project No: FBA-2015-5182)