Does environmental risk really change in abandoned mining areas in the medium term when no control measures are taken?

Studies regarding how environmental risk evolves in abandoned mining areas in the medium term have been seldom carried out. The answer to this question is not obvious despite it is essential in order to evaluate the need to take urgent control measures in these areas. Fifty-two samples corresponding to soils (from natural pasture and arable lands) and mine tailings were collected in the surroundings of an old Spanish Pb/Zn mine (San Quintín, Central Spain). Current concentrations of pseudo-total and available metal (loid)s (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Ag) were determined and the environmental risk assessment (ERA) was conducted with these data and those corresponding to a sampling previously carried out in 2006. ERA was carried out by calculating the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the pollution load index (PLI) and the potential ecological risk index (PER). Results demonstrated that Pb and Zn concentrations have increased in the soils of the plots surrounding the mining areas causing a moderate rise in most of the determined pollution indices between 2006 and 2020. It was especially significant in the pastureland areas, with increases up to 17% in the number of soil samples that reached the highest risk classification in 2020 as compared to those taken in 2006. The results obtained here demonstrate that the environmental risk can actually increase in a continuous way in abandoned mining areas despite the closure of the mining operation and the effect of the possible natural attenuation.Pocas veces se han realizado estudios sobre cómo evoluciona el riesgo ambiental en áreas mineras abandonadas a mediano plazo. La respuesta a esta pregunta no es obvia, aunque es fundamental para evaluar la necesidad de tomar medidas urgentes de control en estas áreas. Se recogieron 52 muestras correspondientes a suelos (de pastos naturales y tierras de cultivo) y relaves de mina en el entorno de una antigua mina española de Pb/Zn (San Quintín, Centro de España). Se determinaron las concentraciones actuales de metales (loid)s pseudototales y disponibles (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As y Ag) y con estos datos y los correspondientes a un muestreo realizado previamente se realizó la evaluación de riesgo ambiental (ERA). en 2006. ERA se realizó calculando el índice de geoacumulación(Igeo), el índice de carga contaminante (PLI) y el índice de riesgo ecológico potencial (PER). Los resultados demostraron que las concentraciones de Pb y Zn han aumentado en los suelos de las parcelas aledañas a las zonas mineras provocando un aumento moderado en la mayoría de los índices de contaminación determinados entre 2006 y 2020. Fue especialmente significativo en las zonas de pastoreo, con incrementos de hasta el 17%. en el número de muestras de suelo que alcanzaron la clasificación de mayor riesgo en 2020 en comparación con las tomadas en 2006. Los resultados aquí obtenidos demuestran que el riesgo ambiental puede aumentar de manera continua en áreas mineras abandonadas a pesar del cierre de la operación minera y el efecto de la posible atenuación natural

Identidad profesional de futuros profesores de matemáticas de secundaria: una herramienta de análisis

La formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria y bachillerato, enmarcada en el Master de Formación de Profesorado, ha abierto un campo de posibilidades para investigar la mejora de esa formación. En concreto, hay que tener en cuenta que las decisiones que toma el profesorado referido a su docencia no se sustentan únicamente en su saber explícito profesional sino también en su modo de pensar, sentir y actuar, lo que constituye su propia identidad profesional. Aunque hay muchos trabajos que caracterizan el conocimiento profesional del profesorado de secundaria de matemáticas en formación, pocos analizan la identidad profesional. En este trabajo se presentan resultados referidos a una propuesta de categorización para el análisis de la identidad profesional en la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria y bachillerato de matemáticas, antes de iniciar su periodo de práctica. Considera cuatro categorías emergentes como orientación a las tareas, conocimiento y desarrollo profesional, autoeficacia y compromiso con la enseñanza. Esta herramienta, que se depurará a partir de su aplicación con futuros docentes, puede tener implicaciones educativas al permitir clarificar aspectos de un factor clave del desarrollo docente como es la identidad profesional

Can statistical methods optimize complex multicomponent mixtures for sintering ceramic granular materials? A case of success with synthetic aggregates

The relationship between the proportions of multicomponent mixtures with the technological properties of ceramic granular materials (synthetic aggregates) has been studied using statistical methods. The four phases involved in the formulations have been: kaolin (K) as aluminosilicate source; cork powder (C) as organic carbon source; sodium carbonate (N) as flux and pyrite (P) as source of iron and sulfur. The Mixture Experiments - Design of Experiments (ME-DOE) has been the statistical methodology applied from the initial configuration of the 36 starting formulations to the final validation of the models and optimums. After granulation, artificial aggregates have been obtained by sintering in a rotary kiln, and their main technological properties have been determined. Bloating index (BI), particle density (ρrd), water absorption (WA24) and crushing strength (S) were selected as the four key characteristics to be modeled and optimized, using response surface and effect plots to assess the effect of K, C, N and P on such properties. 32 out of 36 starting varieties met the density criteria for lightweight aggregates. In the optimum formulations obtained, the minimum percentage of K was 83 wt%, so that the variations in the percentages of P, C and N were the critical variables for determining the final properties of the aggregate. The contrast between experimental and estimated data has shown that the models fit adequately, indicating that this type of approach may have enormous potential for future research on artificial aggregates and other ceramic materialsThis research was conducted as a part of the ECO-MET-AL Project, PID2019-109520RB-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033, “Can industrial and mining metalliferous wastes produce green lightweight aggregates? Applying the Circular Economy” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and ERDF funds, framed in the “Ayudas a “Proyectos I + D + i" en el marco de los Programas Estatales de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I + D + i y de I + D + i orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Convocatoria 2019”. Thanks also to the SCAI of the University of Jaén, the University of Castilla-La Mancha and the University of Málaga for their service

Consideraciones ambientales sobre el mercurio en el distrito minero de Almadén (Ciudad Real, España).

Los yacimientos de mercurio del Distrito minero de Almadén representan una singularidad mundial, al ser el único caso de un metal, el mercurio (Hg), que ha sido obtenido en una tercera parte de su producción mundial a partir de un solo yacimiento. El Distrito está formado por una serie de yacimientos de cinabrio (HgS), entre los que la mina de Almadén constituye el mayor de ellos. Los yacimientos se habrían formado como consecuencia de procesos geológicos actuando a lo largo del Paleozoico superior, pudiendo ser agrupados en dos tipos: los yacimientos de ?Tipo Almadén? y los yacimientos de ?Tipo Las Cuevas?. Los yacimientos habrían estado expuestos a la erosión atmosférica desde tiempo antes de la llegada de la actividad minera, lo que implica que tanto antes de esta actividad como evidentemente durante ésta se produciría la diseminación en el medio ambiente de los productos de este proceso, en forma de lixiviados naturales y antropogénicos, de partículas de polvo conteniendo el mineral, así como de vapor de mercurio emitido a la atmósfera desde suelos conteniendo el elemento, escombreras, labores mineras, instalaciones metalúrgicas, etc. Este trabajo presenta los diversos estudios llevados a cabo hasta la fecha sobre las implicaciones medioambientales y sobre la salud humana que se derivan de la presencia del metal disperso en el Distrito minero de Almadén (Ciudad Real)

Diseño de una guía de TFG basada en mapas visuales: Grados de Maestro

Memoria ID-0178. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Captación de alumnos

Memoria ID-0176. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

CIBERER: Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

13 páginas,1 figura, 3 tablas, 1 apéndice. Se extraen los autores pertenecientes a The CIBERER network que trabajan en Centros del CSIC del Appendix ACIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationPeer reviewe

Mineralogy and Microstructure of Lightweight Aggregates Produced from Washing Aggregate Sludge and Fly Ash

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUECastilla-La Mancha. Junta de Comunidadespu