72 research outputs found
The Effects of Feeding on Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Profiles in Green (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles
- Author
- Publication venue
- SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research
- Publication date
- 01/01/2011
- Field of study
In mammals, lipemic blood from sampling too soon after an animal feeds can have substantial effects on biochemical values. Plasma biochemical values in reptiles may be affected by species, age, season, and nutritional state. However, fasting status is not routinely considered when sampling reptile blood. In this paper, we evaluated 2-hour postprandial blood collection in two sea turtle species to investigate the effects of feeding on hematological and plasma biochemical values. Feeding had no significant effects on hematological values in either species, nor did it have an effect on plasma biochemistry values in Kemp's ridley sea turtles. In postprandial green turtles, total protein, albumin, ALP, AST, ALT, amylase, and cholesterol increased significantly, and chloride decreased significantly. Although statistically significant changes were observed, the median percent differences between pre- and postprandial values did not exceed 10% for any of these analytes and would not likely alter the clinical interpretation
Stellar populations of Globular Clusters in the Elliptical galaxy NGC1407
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'University of Chicago Press'
- Publication date
- 17/03/2007
- Field of study
We present high-quality, Keck spectroscopic data for a sample of 20 globular
clusters (GCs) in the massive E0 galaxy NGC1407. A subset of twenty
line-strength indices of the Lick/IDS system have been measured for both the GC
system and the central integrated star-light of the galaxy. Ages, metallicities
and [alpha/Fe] ratios have been derived using several different approaches. The
majority GCs in NGC1407 studied are old, follow a tight metallicity sequence
reaching values slightly above solar, and exhibit mean [alpha/Fe] ratios of ~
0.3 dex. In addition, three GCs are formally derived to be young (~ 4 Gyr), but
we argue that they are actually old GCs hosting blue horizontal branches. We
report, for the first time, evidence for the existence of two
chemically-distinct subpopulations of metal-rich (MR) GCs. We find some MR GCs
exhibit significantly larger [Mg/Fe] and [C/Fe] ratios. Different star
formation time-scales are proposed to explain the correlation between Mg and C
abundances. We also find striking CN overabundances over the entire GC
metallicity range. Interestingly, the behavior of C and N in metal-poor (MP)
GCs clearly deviates from the one in MR GCs. In particular, for MR GCs, N
increases dramatically while C essentially saturates. This may be interpreted
as a consequence of the increasing importance of the CNO cycle with increasing
metallicity.Comment: 53 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The
Astronomical Journa
Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Annual Reviews'
- Publication date
- 27/02/2006
- Field of study
Globular cluster (GC) systems have now been studied in galaxies ranging from
dwarfs to giants and spanning the full Hubble sequence of morphological types.
Imaging and spectroscopy with the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based
telescopes have together established that most galaxies have bimodal color
distributions that reflect two subpopulations of old GCs: metal-poor and
metal-rich. The characteristics of both subpopulations are correlated with
those of their parent galaxies. We argue that metal-poor GCs formed in low-mass
dark matter halos in the early universe and that their properties reflect
biased galaxy assembly. The metal-rich GCs were born in the subsequent
dissipational buildup of their parent galaxies and their ages and abundances
indicate that most massive early-type galaxies formed the bulk of their stars
at early times. Detailed studies of both subpopulations offer some of the
strongest constraints on hierarchical galaxy formation that can be obtained in
the near-field.Comment: 74 pages, including 14 figures. In press for Annual Reviews of
Astronomy and Astrophysic
Taking It to the Extreme:The Effect of Coalition Cabinets on Foreign Policy
- Author
- Ahmad Feroz
- Blondel Jean
- Brauer Markus
- Brown Rupert
- Browne E.C.
- Close David H
- Derbyshire J. Denis
- Dodd C.H.
- Dodd C.H.
- Dodd Lawrence C
- Elman Miriam Fendius
- Frognier Andre-Paul
- Gallagher Michael
- Hagan Joe D
- Hale William
- Hermann Charles F
- Hideo Otake
- Janis Irving
- Juliet Kaarbo
- Laver Michael
- Levy Jack S
- Marshall Monty G.
- McClelland Charles A
- Mershon Carol
- Moon Jeremy
- Muller Wolfgang C.
- Muller Wolfgang C.
- Nousiainen Jaakko
- Ripsman Norrin M
- Ryan K. Beasley
- Singer J. David
- Strom Kaare
- Tomlinson Rodney G
- Van Roozendaal Peter
- Verbeek Bertjan
- Vertzberger Yaacov
- Vertzberger Yaacov
- Woldendorp Jaap
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2008
- Field of study
Institutional constraints have been offered by some scholars as an explanation for why multiparty coalitions should be more peaceful than single-party cabinets. Yet others see the same institutional setting as a prescription for more aggressive behavior. Recent research has investigated these conflicting expectations, but with mixed results. We examine the theoretical bases for these alternative expectations about the effects of coalition politics on foreign policy. We find that previous research is limited theoretically by confounding institutional effects with policy positions, and empirically by analyzing only international conflict data. We address these limitations by examining cases of foreign policy behavior using the World Event/Interaction Survey (WEIS) dataset. Consistent with our observation that institutional constraints have been confounded with policy positions, we find that coalitions are neither more aggressive nor more peaceful, but do engage in more extreme foreign policy behaviors. These findings are discussed with regard to various perspectives on the role of institutions in shaping foreign policy behavior.</p
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
- Author
- Aahlin E. K.
- Aamer A.
- Aaniana K.
- Ababneh A.
- Abaliksta T.
- Abantanga F.
- Abbas M.
- Abbasy J.
- Abbo O.
- Abbouch M.
- Abd-Elmawla M.
- Abd-Elrasoul Y.
- Abdallah E.
- Abdel-Aty A.
- Abdel-Hameed N.
- Abdel-Kader S. M.
- Abdel-Wahab N. Y. E.
- Abdelaal A.
- Abdelaty M.
- Abdelazeam A. R.
- Abdelazim G.
- Abdelaziz M. A.
- Abdelbadeai K.
- Abdelfatah A.
- AbdelFattah I.
- Abdelgelil A.
- Abdelghany S.
- Abdelhady S.
- Abdelhamed R.
- Abdelhamid A.
- Abdelhaq A.
- Abdelkader M.
- Abdelkader O.
- Abdelkareem A.
- Abdelkhalek M.
- Abdelmageed E.
- Abdelmotaleb I.
- Abdelraheim M.
- Abdelraouf A. M.
- Abdelrouf D. M.
- Abdelshafy M.
- Abdelshakour M.
- Abdrabou A. K.
- Abdul-Latif S.
- Abdulaziz H.
- Abdulbagi O.
- Abdulgawad M.
- Abdulhakeem E. M.
- Abdullah M. A.
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- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
- Author
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- Aamer A
- Aaniana K
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- Abd El Hamid N
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- Abd El Slam M
- Abd El-Salam F
- Abd Elrasoul Y
- Abd-Elmawla M
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
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- Abdel-Hameed N
- Abdel-Kader SM
- Abdel-Wahab NYE
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- Alhammali T
- Alhassan B
- Alhazmi W
- Alhendy M
- Alherz M
- Ali A
- Ali A
- Ali A
- Ali CDM
- Ali E
- Ali FM
- Ali H
- Ali S
- Ali SAWEW
- Ali SS
- Ali THA
- Ali W
- Alihonou T
- Alimi Q
- Alis H
- Aliyu H
- Aliyu M
- Aliyu S
- Aljboor K
- Aljiffry M
- Aljiffry M
- Aljohani E
- Aljohani E
- Aljohani S
- Alkaaki A
- Alkammash A
- Alkelani M
- Alkhabbaz D
- Alkhouri M
- Allam M
- Allam M
- Allam Y
- Allegri A
- Allegri A
- Allen JLY
- Allott R
- Almallah A
- Almoflihi A
- Almuallem S
- Almy J
- Alnaby MH
- Alnawam E
- Alnuqaydan SA
- Alnusairat A
- Alomar IN
- Alqahtani E
- Alqahtani S
- Alrahawy M
- Alrajraji M
- Alrifaie A
- AlRowais M
- Alsaggaf M
- Alsaggaf MU
- Alsaggaf MU
- Alser OH
- Alshareef R
- Altaf A
- Altaf A
- Altamimi A
- Altamimi A
- Altamimi A
- Altamimi A
- Altamini A
- Altarayra M
- Althwainy A
- Altibi A
- Altinel Y
- Altinel Y
- Altoe F
- Altwigry AM
- Altwijri A
- Alvarado Jaramillo R
- Alvarez Barreda LM
- Alvi AR
- Alwafai MG
- Aly AK
- Aly MYM
- Alyacoubi S
- Alyahya R
- Alyami R
- Alyami R
- AlYoussef I
- Alzahrani A
- Alzahrani M
- Alzahrani M
- Alzayat T
- Aman NF
- Amandito R
- Amandito R
- Amandito R
- Amandito R
- Ambrona-Zafra D
- Ambrozeviciute V
- Ameen M
- Amer MA
- Amin HAA
- Amin J
- Amin J
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- Ammar M
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- Amoako J
- Amoako PT
- Amoako-Boateng M
- Amole I
- Amreia M
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- Anderson D
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- Andersson L
- Andika FFA
- Andreotti D
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- Andress C
- Andriola V
- Ang YL
- Angelieri D
- Anis E
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- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Antar S
- Antezana D
- Anthoulakis C
- Anthoulakis C
- Antoniozzi A
- Anwar AW
- Anwar N
- Anwer W
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- Anyanwu L-J
- Aonzo P
- Appeadu-Mensah W
- Appiah EK
- Aql S
- Aquilino F
- Arachchi PP
- Arachchige LAJJ
- Arafa O
- Arafa S
- Arango MCM
- Arango MCM
- Aranzabal Durand SY
- Araujo R
- Arcudi C
- Ardley R
- Arenas A
- Arevalo Azmitia JR
- Arias Pacheco RD
- Arman S
- Arman S
- Armando ChunguiBravo J
- Armellini A
- Arnaud A
- Arnaud AP
- Arnaud AP
- Arnaud AP
- Arroyo Basto CA
- Arshad MM
- Arslan E
- Arsyad HM
- Arthur T
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- Aruldas N
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- Asele FA
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- Ashour K
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- Assal A
- Assouto PA
- Asturia S
- Asumah H
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- Atiyeh A
- Atkins ET
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- Aung KP
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- Aviles S
- Avoka A
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- Awad SA
- Awadallah S
- Awuku-Asabre J
- Ayad S
- Ayandipo O
- Ayandipo OO
- Aydin MC
- Ayyar S
- Aziz DNA
- Aziz MRA
- Aziz NA
- Azizeldine MG
- Azmitia Mendizabal CA
- Azodo IA
- Azzie G
- Azzie G
- Azzis O
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- Bachri H
- Badawy M
- Badenjki MA
- Badicel M
- Badr A
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- Bahar S
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- Baki BE
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- Bakry HM
- Bala M
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- Baldacchino M
- Balducci G
- Balila RMH
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- Balmaceda R
- Balmaceda R
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- Baltrunas R
- Baluch F
- Bamford R
- Bamicha A
- Bamicha A
- Banaitis VJ
- Bandi A
- Bandoh D
- Bani-Sadar A
- Banipal GS
- Baraka H
- Barakat SAE
- Barendegere V
- Barker T
- Barkolias C
- Barmayehvar B
- Barnabas GN
- Barnacle J
- Barneo L
- Barrionuevo Ojeda RR
- Barrios E
- Barrios E
- Barros De Castro Segundo LC
- Barroso de Lima CV
- Barry J
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- Bassit KA
- Basso SMM
- Basson S
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- Beasley W
- Beaton C
- Bedada AG
- Bediako-Bowan A
- Behar N
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- Bekhet AH
- Bekhet NM
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- Belkouchi A
- Belli A
- Bello B
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- Benevento A
- Benevento A
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- Bennai RM
- Benons N
- Bentounsi Z
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- Berti S
- Bertuello I
- Beuran M
- Beuran M
- Beyene R
- Bezerra Morais PA
- Bezzina M
- Bhang A
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhargava A
- Bharj IS
- Bhat S
- Bhatnagar A
- Bhattacharya S
- Bhopal KF
- Bhopal KF
- Bianco F
- Bigaran A
- Billy M
- Bin Adnan A
- Bin Hasnan M
- Bin Ismail MJ
- Bin Mahamood A
- Birindelli A
- Birring A
- Bisset C
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- Bjorklund I
- Blacker S
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- Blanco-Colino R
- Blencowe N
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- Bliksoen M
- Blower E
- Bluelle R
- Blundell R
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- Boal M
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- Bottini C
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- Bratu R-M
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- Bray LD
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- Breitenstein S
- Breslin R
- Brincat SD
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- Brown D
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- Brown J
- Browning DRL
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- Burger S
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- Burns H
- Bustangi N
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- Cabala Chiong JA
- Cacurri A
- Cadogan DD
- Cahill R
- Cakaloglu HC
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- Camilleri-Brennan J
- Camilleri-Brennan JF
- Camilo Correa J
- Campagnaro T
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- Carmela Lapitan M
- Carmona JM
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- Castro Mollo M
- Catani M
- Cautiero R
- Caydiid H
- Cecilia T
- Celik S
- Cengiz TB
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
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- Cevik M
- Chabok A
- Chachulski W
- Chai C-A
- Chai FY
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chan E
- Chan L
- Chan T-YK
- Chan XW
- Chan Z
- Chandrakumar C
- Chang K
- Chang KY-C
- Chapman A
- Chapman SJ
- Charles A
- Cheah AEZ
- Chen CY
- Chen KY
- Chen T-L
- Chenn R
- Cheong YJ
- Chetta N
- Cheung YHE
- Chew LS
- Chhabra S
- Chibuye C
- Chidambaram S
- Chiesa D
- Chilton G
- Chin PX
- Chin YR
- Chiu S
- Chiu S
- Chiu SMY
- Choi J
- Choi P
- Chong BFHK
- Chong CL
- Chong CL
- Chong CL
- Chong CS
- Chong H-Y
- Chong HY
- Choudhry A
- Chow CYN
- Chowdhury A
- Chowdhury D
- Chu K
- Chun A
- Chun T
- Chung KJ
- Chung S
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- Ciubotaru C
- Claire R
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- Clegg-Lamptey J-N
- Clement KD
- Clements JM
- Clerico G
- Clifford C
- Cloro LM
- Coasaca Huaraya R
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- Contreras Vergara AL
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- Court E
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- Currow C
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- D'Amours S
- D'amours SK
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- D'Souza MS
- D'Souza R
- Da Silva LA
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- Dabbour K
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- Dablouk MO
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- Dahy A
- Dainius E
- Dakubo J
- Dal Canto M
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- Dan I
- Danelli P
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- Daniyan M
- Danys D
- Dao W
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- Dar M
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- Darweesh M
- Darwish AKZ
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- De Luca E
- De Marco P
- De Sousa AV
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- Deckelbaum DL
- Decker E
- Dedekind B
- Dedey F
- Deichsel F
- Del Basso C
- del Pilar Paucar A
- Delforge X
- Dell A
- Dempster E
- Denakpo M
- Denewar A
- Depalma N
- Deputy M
- Der Y
- Dervenis C
- Despotidis V
- Desta S
- Deutschmann P
- Devadasar GH
- Dharamshi HA
- Dhillon D
- Di Franco F
- Di Martino N
- Di Saverio S
- Di Saverio S
- Diab A
- Diaconescu B
- Diaconescu I-B
- Dias S
- Diaz Vico T
- Diaz-Jover P
- Diaz-Zorrilla C
- Dick L
- Dickfos M
- Dickson L
- Dijan E
- Dimech T
- Din F
- Dindyal S
- Dindyal S
- Dione Parreno-Sacdalan M
- Dissanayake T
- Djivoh F
- Domini E
- Domini E
- Donnelly P
- Donoghue D
- Dorani RMNR
- Dorisme A
- dos Santos DV
- Dossou F
- Doughan S
- Doughty J
- Dousset B
- Dragatas D
- Drake TM
- Drake TM
- Drake TM
- Driscoll A
- Drungilas M
- Du Plessis D
- du Plooy F
- Du Toit F
- Duane T
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- Duffy L
- Duhoranenayo D
- Duinhouwer L
- Dulskas A
- Dwydar A
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- Ebidy M
- Ebidy MM
- Ebrahim OS
- Eduard P
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- Ekow M
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- El Dahab AA
- El Deen KN
- El Gendy A
- El Gendy NH
- El Halawany M
- El Jamassi A
- El Kashash A
- El Kholy A
- El Magd AA
- El Mesery S
- El Sayed GS
- El Sayed IM
- El Shoura Y
- El-badawy HA
- El-Dien KS
- El-Dien KS
- El-Din RA
- El-Din SA
- El-Gizawy E
- El-Hamouly AS
- El-Kashef H
- El-Latif NK
- El-Ma'doul AS
- El-Rabaa S
- El-Sagheer N
- El-Sawy A
- El-Sehily A
- El-Shahat NS
- El-Sheemy H
- El-Taher E
- Elabdin HZ
- Elashmawy M
- Elashry R
- Elazab A
- Elazayem AA
- Elazoul M
- Elbanby E
- Elbanby ES
- Elbatahgy A
- Elbe P
- Elbermawy M
- Elbisomy KH
- Eldafrawy M
- Eldamaty L
- Eldeeb AZ
- Eldeen EA
- Eldin MAB
- EldosoukyMohammed A
- Elebute O
- Elebute O
- Elena G
- Elfarargy A
- Elfeki H
- Elfeki H
- Elfiky M
- Elfil M
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly Y
- Elfouly Y
- Elgebaly A
- Elgendy AH
- Elgendy FI
- Elgheriany M
- Elhadad A
- Elhadary NM
- Elhadry S
- Elhalawany E
- Elhamouly S
- Elhelbawy MS
- Elhendawy A
- Elhendawy AOA
- Elhoseny G
- Elhusseiny AAE
- Elizabeth Lopez C
- Elkadsh I
- Elkady F
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkhadrawi M
- Elkhalek EA
- Elkholy A
- Elkholy SS
- Elkolaly SS
- Elkorashy AM
- Ellison Q
- Elmashala A
- Elmasry M
- Elmelegy R
- Elmihy S
- Elnagar A
- Elnajjar MA
- Elnemr AE
- Elrazek AA
- Elsabbagh N
- Elsameea AA
- Elsawahly DME
- Elsawy A
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed N
- Elsayed NAR
- Elsayed ZM
- Elsebaaye AO
- Elsehimy M
- Elsemelawy R
- Elshaar M
- Elshaer K
- Elshaer M
- Elshaer M
- Elshafay AE
- Elshami M
- Elshanwany S
- Elsharkawy AA
- Elsheikh S
- Elsherbiney S
- Elsherbiny AS
- Elsherif FA
- Elshobary M
- Elsiddig M
- Elsobky S
- Elsorogy DEAA
- Elwaey A
- Elwakil H
- Elwan A
- Elwan A
- Elwy E
- Elzahed N
- Elzayat I
- Elzayat M
- Elzayyat I
- Elzowawi F
- Emadeldin D
- Emadeldin H
- Emara E
- Emile S
- Eng C
- English W
- Esam A
- Escalante Salas MDC
- Espin-Basany E
- Espinoza F
- Essam A
- Essam AA
- Essam M
- Essoun S
- Esteban E
- Estee MM
- Estupinian S
- Etchill E
- Etchill E
- Etienne S
- Etman M
- Etwire V
- Evajelista CV
- Evans D
- Evans E
- Eysa A
- Eyssartier E
- Ezzat E
- Ezzat T
- Faboya O
- Faccincani R
- Fadel A
- Fahiem A
- Fahim M
- Fahmy MAB
- Fahy C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
- Fakher R
- Falaschi F
- Falco N
- Falzon M
- Farag A
- Farag S
- Farah A
- Farahat MM
- Faraz A
- Fares M
- Farhad M
- Farhan-Alanie MMH
- Farhangmehr N
- Farinella E
- Farmakis K
- Farooq T
- Farouk SAM
- Farquharson A
- Farrugia A
- Farrugia A
- Faruq A
- Fathy AM
- Fattah AA
- Fatuga A
- Faturoti O
- Faturoti O
- Faure A
- Fautz T
- Favero A
- Fawzy A
- Feidantsis T
- Felipe CO
- Fergany A
- Fergusson SJ
- Fergusson SJ
- Fergusson SJ
- Fergusson SJ
- Fermani C
- Fermani CG
- Fernandes C
- Fernandez C
- Fernandez-Bueno F
- Fernandez-Vega L
- Ferousis C
- Ferrero E
- Fievet L
- Filatau A
- Findlay-Cooper K
- Firdouse M
- Firdouse M
- Firdouse M
- Firwana A
- Fitsum A
- Fitzgerald JE
- Fitzgerald JE
- Florez Farfan ES
- Foco M
- Fok CYJ
- Fontana T
- Foo CC
- Forlin L
- Forno W
- Fouad A
- Fouad D
- Fouad D
- Fourcade L
- Fowler AJ
- Fozard T
- Fozard T
- Frade F
- Fraga GP
- Francisco Roxas M
- Franco H
- Francois P
- Francois-Coridon H
- Francone E
- Freitas AV
- Frey D
- Frisk B
- Fuentes-Rivera L
- Fujii F
- Furqan MM
- Gaafar S
- Gaarder T
- Gad A
- Gad MO
- Gadelkarim M
- Gadhvi V
- Gado A
- Gaignard E
- Gaignard E
- Gaizauskas V
- Gala T
- Gala T
- Galiqi G
- Galleano R
- Gallo G
- Galloway S
- Galvez CP
- Gamal D
- Gamal E
- Gamal H
- Gamal S
- Gamaly E
- Gamil D
- Gan C
- Gan YY
- Gani MA
- Garaycochea O
- Garcia Bernardo C
- Garcia Florez LJ
- Garcia Septiem J
- Garcia Torres CP
- Garcia-Florez L
- Garland A
- Gash K
- Gash K
- Gash K
- Gastaldi P
- Gasteratos K
- Gaujoux S
- Gavagna L
- Gbessi DG
- Gemeah M
- Gemenetzis G
- Gemenetzis G
- George R
- Germanos S
- Germanos S
- Gerosa A
- Gerosa A
- Geuoshy A
- Ghaben A
- Ghandora N
- Ghanem A
- Ghanem E
- Ghanem S
- Ghanem S
- Ghannam M
- Gharib A
- Gharib A
- Ghazy AA
- Gheith A
- Ghetia M
- Ghetia M
- Ghonaim MA
- Ghoneem M
- Ghoneim O
- Giacci L
- Giardino FR
- Giavarini L
- Giglio MC
- Gilbert R
- Gilbert RW
- Giles J
- Gillespie M
- Gimzewska M
- Giraldo RSR
- Giuliani S
- Giuliani S
- Giuriato TF
- Gkiokas G
- Glasbey J
- Glasbey J
- Glasbey JC
- GlobalSurg Collaborative
- Glover TE
- Glover-Addy H
- Glynn M
- Gobin N
- Gobin N
- Goh CC
- Goh CC
- Goh W
- Gohar ME-SAM
- Gokani S
- Goldin E
- Golding D
- Gomaa A
- Gomah M
- Gonzales Montejo MS
- Gonzales Stuva JP
- Gonzalez M
- Goodstein M
- Gosling S
- Gosling SG
- Gouda A
- Gould L
- Gouldthorpe C
- Gouvas N
- Gouws J
- Graffeille V
- Graffieille V
- Gran M
- Grandinetti PP
- Grant A
- Grasset E
- Grasset E
- Grassi V
- Gratton R
- Gravante G
- Gravante G
- Gray D
- Grech N
- Green N
- Grella MG
- Gribauskaite J
- Griffiths E
- Griffiths E
- Griffiths M
- Grima T
- Grisin E
- Grizhja B
- Grobler DC
- Grosos C
- Grossart C
- Gubeli A
- Gudal A
- Gudal A
- Gudal A
- Gudlaugsdottir K
- Guevara Torres S
- Guevara R
- Guglielmo V
- Gui D
- Gul E
- Gulbinas A
- Gulcicek OB
- Gulielmi A
- Gultom PA
- Gumar M
- Gunaseelan K
- Gunawan R
- Guner A
- Gunnarsson U
- Guo W
- Gupta A
- Gustafsson U
- Guzman Duenas C
- Gyamfi FE
- Gyanchandani N
- Gyedu A
- Habeeb MA
- Habeeb O
- Habeebullah A
- Hache-Marliere M
- Haddad N
- Hafez AT
- Hafez M
- Hafez M
- Hafez S
- Haffreingue A
- Hafiz S
- Hagan R
- Hagar A
- Haines M
- Haines S
- Hajeh H
- Hakim H
- Halhouli O
- Halhouli O
- Halicioglu I
- Hall E
- Hall N
- Hall NJ
- Hall TF
- Hallam S
- Haloho A
- Hamad MGM
- Hamarshi A
- Hamasaki Hamaguchi JL
- Hamasaki J
- Hamdan A
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- Soeselo DA
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- Soldevila-Verdeguer C
- Soley R
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- Soliman A
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- Sutanto EPR
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- Tabiri S
- Tabiri S
- Tabiri S
- Tabiri S
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- Th'ng F
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- Torrance HD
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- Turkustani S
- Turner M
- Turpo Espinoza K
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- Tverskis Z
- Tyler R
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- Tze RGE
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- Ubhi HK
- Ubiali P
- Ugalde P
- Ukwenya Y
- Ulusahin M
- Upadhyaya V
- Upchurch E
- Urbanavicius L
- Urbina Rojas NM
- Urbonas T
- Urbonas T
- Urniezius Z
- Urniezius Z
- Usaityte A
- Uscinas L
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- Valioulis I
- Van Der Naald N
- Van Duren B
- Van Niekerk M
- Van Straten S
- Varcada M
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- Vartanoglu T
- Vartic M
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- Venclauskas L
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- Venskutonis D
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- Vergara Mejia AG
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- Winstanley J
- Witherspoon P
- Wogensen F
- Wogensen F
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- Woin E
- Wold TB
- Wolf B
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- Wondimu S
- Wondoh P
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- Wong CS
- Wong CY
- Wong F
- Wong HY
- Wood G
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- Worku M
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- Wredberg C
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- Yahaya MT
- Yakubu M
- Yallop L
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- Yaseen TM
- Yau JD
- Yavuz MA
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- Yeo LS
- Yeung ENW
- Yeung MHA
- Yifieyeh A
- Yildirim R
- Yip C
- Ymeri S
- Yoganathan P
- Yolcu S
- Yong CO
- Yong GL
- Younis A
- Youssef D
- Youssef H
- Youssef M
- Youssif JH
- Yuksek MA
- Yusufali T
- Zaa'treh R
- Zachariades D-C
- Zadoroznas A
- Zahran D
- Zakaria E
- Zakaria M
- Zakaria Y
- Zaki A
- Zakir M
- Zalabia MF
- Zamarin K
- Zammit S
- Zampitis N
- Zani A
- Zani A
- Zani A
- Zanini N
- Zanini N
- Zapata Ponze De Leon M
- Zapata Ponze De Leon M
- Zapata F
- Zarb C
- Zardab A
- Zegarra S
- Zeidan S
- Zelada Alvarez II
- Zerihun AB
- Zeta Solis LA
- Zhang Z
- Zheng F
- Zidan H
- Zidan H
- Zidan M
- Zielinski M
- Ziff O
- Zikry M
- Zil-E-Ali A
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskiene R
- Zilinskiene R
- Zimmermann EF
- Ziubryte G
- Zohair A
- Zorrilla CD
- Zuber M
- Zuber M
- Zuk G
- Zulkifli A
- Zumbuhl L
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 15/10/2018
- Field of study
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe
Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial
- Author
- Abbas Jalal
- Abraham Sybil
- Ackert Jessica
- Adams Patricia
- Aggarwala Gaurav
- Aher Nutan
- Ahlqvist Jørn
- Ahn Chul Woo
- Akers Teresa
- Akhras Ronald
- Akhter Faiq
- Aksentyev Sergey
- Al Kawas Firas
- Alexander Karen
- Althouse Denise
- Altobelli Desma
- Alvarisqueta Andres
- Ambrosy Andrew
- Andersen James
- Andersen Ulla
- Anderson Michelle
- Anglade Moise
- Arbañil Hugo
- Arciszewska Malgorzata
- Argoud Georges
- Ariani Mehrdad
- Ashdji Reswan
- Avogaro Angelo
- Avramidis Iakovos
- Axthelm Christoph
- Aye Myint
- Babi Charleen
- Bachus Erasmus
- Baik Sei-Hyun
- Bailey Matt
- Bakhtari Ladan
- Baksi Arun
- Balasubramani Mathangi
- Baldovino Jorge
- Banach Marek
- Banerjee Subhash
- Bartlett Andrew
- Bartone Susan
- Baum Howard
- Bays Harold
- Bazhan Larysa
- Beasley Richard
- Beaudry Yves
- Beaulieu Gail
- Beboso Ronnie
- Bedard Jacques
- Beijerbacht Hugo Peter
- Belfort de Aguiar Renata
- Benjamin Sabrina
- Berger Dirk
- Berlingieri Joseph
- Berndtsson Blom Katarina
- Besada Diego
- Bethel M Angelyn
- Bhagwat Ravi
- Bhargava Anuj
- Bhosale Archana
- Bieler Tasso
- Bijata-Bronisz Renata
- Birkeland Kare
- Birkenfeld Andreas
- Blagden Mark
- Bloomfield Gerald
- Bode Bruce
- Boemi Massimo
- Bonadonna Riccardo
- Bondar Irina
- Bott Jochen
- Bousboulas Stavros
- Boye Alain
- Bratcher Christina
- Breneman Jody
- Briskin Toby
- Bristianou Magdalini
- Brockmyre Andrew
- Broughton Raymond
- Brown Judith
- Brown Kim
- Brychta Tomas
- Brønnum-Schou Jens
- Budhraja Madhusudan
- Bull Georgina
- Bundy Charles
- Burgess Lesley
- Busch Klaus
- Caca Karel
- Cadinot Didier
- Calderon Jorge
- Calella Pedro
- Califf Robert M
- Calvo Gómez Carlos
- Camacho Luis
- Cannon Kevin
- Cano Rodríguez Isidoro
- Cantero Maria Cecilia
- Carr Jewell
- Casson Ed
- Castaño Patricia
- Castro Conde Almudena
- Cathcart Harold
- Cavale Arvind
- Cech Vladimir
- Cequier Fillat Angel
- Cervantes-Escárcega Jose-Luis
- Cha Bong-Soo
- Chau Tuan
- Chaykin Louis
- Chehayeb Raja
- Chen David
- Chen Jung-Fu
- Chertkoff Alejandro
- Cheung Deanna
- Cheung Stephen
- Chevts Julia
- Chiang Chern-En
- Childress Richard
- Christian Tamra
- Chung Choon-Hee
- Coetzee Kathleen
- Cohen Allan
- Coker Rebecca
- Cole Joanna
- Collier Jeannie
- Condit Jonathan
- Consoli Agostino
- Conway James
- Cooksey Erin
- Cookson Tobias
- Cooper John
- Cooper Lauren
- Copland Allan
- Cornel Jan
- Cornett George Mitchell
- Crenier Laurent
- Cuadrado Jesus
- Cuatrecasas Cambra Guillem
- Cusson Jean
- D'Agostino Ralph B
- D'Agostino Ralph B.
- Daga Shruti
- Damyanova Velichka
- Dauber Ira
- Davila William
- Dawood Saleem
- De Armas Luis
- De Cosmo Salvatore
- De Loredo Luis
- De Teresa Parreño Luis
- de Álvaro Moreno Fernando
- Dean Julius
- Debroye Corinne
- Del Prato Stefano
- Del Prato Stefano
- Delgado Lista Javier
- Della Siega Anthony
- DeMets David
- Demidova Irina
- Derezinski Tadeusz
- Deshpande Sameer
- Detweiler Robert
- Devore Adam
- Di Bartolo Paolo
- Di Giovanna Michael
- Diaz Ernesto
- Dimitriadis Georgios
- Dimitrov Stefan
- Distiller Larry
- Dombrowski Keith
- Dominguez Andrea
- Domínguez Escribano José Ramón
- Donaldson Jill
- Donaubauer Torsten
- Dor Isaac
- Dotta Francesco
- Dreval Alexander
- Drummond Waymon
- Dumas Richard
- Dumbre Snehal
- Dungan Kathleen
- Durán García Santiago
- Duyck Francis
- Dvorakova Eva
- Dzongowski Peter
- Eagerton Donald
- Eapen Zubin
- Earl John
- Eaton Charles
- Ebo Geraldine
- Edelsberger Tomas
- Eliasson Bjorn
- Eliasson Ken
- Elisaf Moses
- Ellison Howard
- Elvira González Javier
- Emslie-Smith Alistair
- Endsley Patricia
- Enns Robert
- Erlinger Rudolf
- Ershova Olga
- Español Maria Vanesa
- Espinoza Augusto Dextre
- Farris Neil
- Ferguson Murdo
- Fernandez-Salazar Eva
- Fernández Rodríguez José María
- Fiel Thomas
- Finkelstein Hernan
- Firek Anthony
- First Brian
- Fleming John
- Flota-Cervera Luis Fernando
- Forgosh Les
- Frechtel Gustavo
- French William
- Fretes Jose
- Friedman Daniel
- Frontoni Simona
- Funke Klaus
- Fushtey Ivan
- Gadzinski Waldemar
- Gajek Jacek
- Galatius Søren
- Galetta Marianna
- Galstyan Gagik
- Gambineri Alessandra
- Gandy Winston
- Garcia Ronald
- Garganeeva Alla
- Garrido Santos Natalia
- Garrido Elizabeth
- Garvey Louisa
- Gaudet Daniel
- Gazzaruso Carmine
- Gentry Tracy
- Giaccari Andrea
- Gill Santosh
- Giorgino Francesco
- Goday Arno Alberto
- Godse Rupali
- Gomez Huelgas Ricardo
- Gonzales Rolando Vargas
- Gonzalez Joaquin
- González Juanatey José Ramón
- González-González José Gerardo
- Goodman Shaun
- Gordon Murray
- Gouet Didier
- Grachova Mariya
- Granger Christopher B
- Granger Christopher B.
- Green Fiona
- Green Jennifer B
- Green Jennifer B
- Greene Deb
- Greene Stephen
- Grondin Francois
- Grosskopf Josef
- Groutars Reginald G.E.J.
- Guerci Bruno
- Guice Michael
- Guimaraes Patricia
- Gulseth Hanne
- Gummadi Siva
- Gunstone Anthony
- Gupta Anil
- Gupta Milan
- Gupta Nikita
- Guttormsen Gaute
- Ha JuYoung
- Hackenyos Jonathan
- Haddock Trevorlyn
- Hagenow Andreas
- Hairston Kristen
- Hajdú Csaba
- Halciakova Katarina
- Halperin Frank
- Haluzik Martin
- Hamann Monika
- Hanson Lenita
- Haque Ghazala
- Harcsa Eleonóra
- Harris Tara
- Harrison Lindsay
- Harrison Rob
- Hartard Manfred
- Hartman Israel
- Heitner John
- Hejeebu Srini
- Henry Patrick
- Hereghty Belinda
- Hermany Paul
- Hernandez Mijares Antonio
- Hernandez Adrian F
- Hernandez Adrian F.
- Hernandez-Cassis Carlos
- Heymer Peter
- Hidalgo Horacio
- Higgins Alexander
- Hoek Boudewijn A
- Holman Rury
- Hoogslag Pieter A.M.
- Houle Pierre-Alain
- Hove Jens
- Howell Christina
- Hramiak Irene
- Huppertz Wolfgang
- Hutayanon Pisit
- Ibrahim Hassan
- Illies Gabriele
- Issa Basil
- Izmozherova Nadezhda
- Jackson-Voyzey Ewart
- Jacob Stephan
- Jacobs Shahram
- James Kourtnei
- James Rachel
- Jang Hak Chul
- Janmohamed Salim
- Janmohamed Salim
- Jarosz Marie
- Jenkins Wendy
- Jensen Jan Skov
- Jerjes-Díaz Carlos Sánchez
- Jiménez Díaz Víctor Alfonso
- Jintapakorn Woravut
- Jodar Gimeno Esteban
- Johnson Andrew
- Johnson David
- Johnson Megan
- Jones Michael
- Jones Nigel P
- Jones Nigel P
- Jordan Dedrick
- Joshi Parag
- Jung Thomas
- Kadgaonkar Neha
- Kahrmann Gerd
- Karetnikova Victoria
- Karka Mounika
- Karmalkar Anisha
- Kast Petra
- Kaster Steven
- Katerenchuk Vitaliy
- Kellerer Monika
- Kellum Daniel
- Kelly Aoife
- Kempe Hans-Peter
- Kessler Laurence
- Khandelwal Chaitali
- Kharakhulakh Marina
- Khariouzov Andrei
- Khokhlov Aleksandr
- Kim Chong-Jin
- Kim Christopher
- Kim Ellen
- Kim Hye Soon
- Kim In Joo
- Kirby William
- Klausmann Gerhard
- Klein Christiane
- Kleinecke-Pohl Uwe
- Kleinertz Klaus
- Klodawska Katarzyna
- Knouse Albert
- Kobalava Zhanna
- Kober Lars
- Koch Thorsten
- Kocsis Gyozo
- Kolls Brad
- Kong David
- Konyves Laszlo
- Kooy Adriaan
- Korpachev Vadym
- Kosch Christine
- Koshelskaya Olga
- Kosiborod Mikhail
- Koskinen Pekka
- Kosmacheva Elena
- Kostin Vladimir
- Kotsa Kalliopi
- Kouz Simon
- Kovacheva Snezhina
- Kovacs Christopher
- Koziolova Natalia
- Kragten Johannes A.
- Kravchun Nonna
- Kristiansen Ole Peter
- Krizova Jarmila
- Krzyzagorska Ewa
- Kulback Steven
- Kulkarni Mangesh
- Kumar Mariananda
- Kumar Rakesh
- Kumar Somesh
- Kumari Aditi
- Kuruvanka Tulsidas
- Kuzin Anatoly
- Labroo Ajay
- Lalau Jean-Daniel
- Landry Daniel
- Larin Oleksandr
- Larnefeldt Hans
- Lasswell William
- Lastuvka Jiri
- Lauder Steven
- Lauro Davide
- Lee Eun Young
- Lee Hyoung Woo
- Lee Kwan-Woo
- Lee Moon Kyu
- Leiter Lawrence A
- Leiter Lawrence A.
- Lentz John
- Lenzmeier Thomas
- Lesnov Victor
- Lewis David
- Li Wenyan
- Li Zhaoping
- Lieverse Aloysius G.
- Lif-Tiberg Cornelia
- Lillestol Michael
- Linderfalk Carina
- Lindsay Alistair
- Little Raymond
- Litvak Marcos
- Llamas Edmundo-Alfredo Bayram
- Lokhngina Yuliya
- Lombard Landman
- Longley Troy
- Lonn Eva
- Lopes Renato
- Lopez-Sendon Jose
- Lorimer Jamie
- Lorra Babette
- Lorraine Richard
- Loureyro Juan
- Lozanov Lachezar
- Lucas Morante Tomás
- Luedemann Joerg
- Luna Alejandro
- Lund Gustav
- Lund Per
- Lundman Pia
- Luttermann Matthias
- Lysenko Tatyana
- Maclean Malcolm
- Madej Andrzej
- Maffei Laura
- Makotoko Ellen
- Maldonado Natacha
- Mandal Trisha
- Mandawat Aditya
- Mankovsky Boris
- Manrique Helard
- Marazuela Monica
- Margaritov Viktor
- Markov Valentin
- Marquess Marsha
- Martell Claros Nieves
- Mathews Robin
- Mathieu Chantal
- Mauricio Puente Didac
- Maxeiner Stephan
- Mayorov Alexander
- McGuire Darren
- McKeown-Biagas Cecilia
- McKnight John
- McLaughlin Patricia
- McMurray John J.V.
- McMurray John J.V.
- McNeill Robert
- Mehta Anand
- Mehta Rajendra
- Melchior Thomas
- Melidonis Andreas
- Melloni Chiara
- Mena Ribas Elena
- Merino Torres Juan Francisco
- Mezquita Raya Pedro
- Mhambrey Ankita
- Miekus Pawel
- Migdalis Ilias
- Mihaylova-Shumkova Rositsa
- Milek Karsten
- Miller Alan
- Miller Diane
- Mitrakou Asimina
- Moelle Andrea
- Mohr Gasparini Diego
- Moiseev Sergey
- Moodley Rajendran
- Moon Keon-Woong
- Morales-Palomares Ellen
- Moran Joseph
- Morawski Emily
- Moris Linda
- Mucsi János
- Murphy Karen
- Muzulu Solomon
- Muñoz Ernesto German Cardona
- Myasoedova Svetlana
- Mykhalchyshyn Galyna
- Myshanych Halyna
- Nadar Madhumitha
- Nadar Venkatesh
- Naicker Pallavi
- Namgung June
- Nauck Michael
- Neumann Gerhard
- Nikolaeva Antoaneta
- Nischik Ruth
- Noronha Drusilla
- Nubiola Calonge Andreu
- Nyvad Ole
- O'Connell Ian
- O'Connor Thomas
- O'Mahony William
- Odio Alberto
- Oehrig-Pohl Edith
- Oleksyk Olga
- Olesinska-Mader Martyna
- Olsson Åke
- Oosthuysen Wessels
- Opiela Jaroslaw
- Ordoñez Sánchez Xavier
- Orio Silvia
- Orlenko Valeriia
- Orsi Emanuela
- Overton Robert
- Oyesile Babatunde
- Ozaki Risa
- Pagkalos Emmanouil
- Paolisso Giuseppe
- Papanas Nikolaos
- Pappas Angelos
- Park Kyong Soo
- Parker Reginald
- Pascoe-Gonzalez Sara
- Pascual Izuel Jose Maria
- Pashkovska Nataliia
- Patel Chetan
- Patel Prashant
- Patel Rajesh
- Patel Rajivkumar
- Patel Vickas
- Patil Ashwini P
- Patil Suradnya
- Patterson Catherine
- Pauker Zsolt
- Pearson Ewan
- Pelayo-Orozco Emilia Susana
- Perea Castilla Verónica
- Perez Manghi Federico
- Perez Soto Isabel
- Perez Kathleen
- Perriello Gabriele
- Pertseva Nataliia
- Pesarchick Jean
- Peterson Sean
- Petit Catherine
- Petrosyan Olena
- Petró Gizella
- Petunina Nina
- Philip Sam
- Phillips Lawrence
- Phrommintikul Arintaya
- Piatti Piermarco
- Pinto Miguel
- Piperek Martin
- Plassmann Georg
- Plés Zsolt
- Pohlmeier Lars
- Pontiroli Antonio
- Ponzani Paola
- Pope Connie
- Potnis Omkar
- Povsic Thomas
- Prakash Rahul
- Price Lauren
- Price-Olsen Emma
- Proepper Felix
- Prymkova Vera
- Pérez Pérez Antonio
- Quesada Charneco Miguel
- Quesada Simón Angustias
- Raad George
- Raclavska Lea
- Rahman Aref
- Raikhel Marina
- Raisinghani Ajit
- Rajan Raj
- Ramirez-Diaz Santiago-Paulino
- Raorane Amruta
- Rasouli Neda
- Rauzi Frank
- Rebrov Andrey
- Redón Mas Josep
- Regner Stefan
- Rego Iraeta Antonia
- Reich Dennis
- Rethaford Renee
- Revesz Katalin
- Revoredo Frederick Massucco
- Rich Jenny
- Richards Jackie
- Riddle Matthew
- Rieker Werner
- Rincon Luis Zapata
- Rivellese Angela Albarosa
- Rodriguez Alvarez Maria
- Rodriguez Papini Nelson
- Rodríguez Rodríguez Irene
- Roe Matthew
- Rohr Kathryn
- Romanczuk Piotr
- Rose Ludger
- Roseman Hal
- Rosenberg Anne
- Rosenberg Anne E
- Rosenbloom Alan
- Ross Jorge
- Roush Jennifer
- Rovner Sergio
- Russell Rachael
- Ruyatkina Ludmila
- Saba Fadi
- Sabol Mary Beth
- Sabán Ruiz José
- Sachson Richard
- Sahu Shruti
- Sala Jorgelina
- Saldana-Mendoza Arturo
- Salmonsson Staffan
- Samer Holger
- Samoylova Julia
- Sampanis Christos
- Sandhu Chamandeep
- Sanmartin Berglund Johan
- Sansanayudh Nakarin
- Sarvan Mohamed
- Saswadkar Aarti
- Sauter Joachim
- Sazonova Olga
- Schabauer Alex
- Schaper Frank
- Scheen André
- Schiffer Clemens
- Schleiden Debra
- Schmidt Juergen
- Schneider Ricky
- Scholz Bernd-M.
- Schou Morten
- Schubert Jessica
- Schuchard Timothy
- Schultheis Ron
- Schulze Joerg
- Schuyler Jones William
- Schygiel Pablo
- Sedani Sangeeta
- Segner Alexander
- Sensenbrenner John
- Sesti Giorgio
- Seufert Jochen
- Shaik Fayaz
- Shannon Jennifer
- Sharma Abhinav
- Sharma Richa
- Shavadia Jay
- Shestakova Marina
- Shilkina Natalia
- Shinde Rakesh
- Shitut Aditi
- Shlesinger Yshay
- Siegel Anna
- Sigal Helena
- Sigmon Kristina
- Sigmon Kristina N
- Silhova Elena
- Sinay Isaac
- Singh Narendra
- Sivalingam Kanagaratnam
- Sjöberg Folke
- Skokowska Ewa
- Smirnov Ivan
- Smith Paul
- Smith Peter
- Soffer Joseph
- Sokolova Nadezhda
- Solanki Sheetal
- Somerville Matthew
- Somerville Matthew C
- Soto González Alfonso
- Sowell Margaret
- Sposetti Georgina
- Srimahachota Suphot
- St-Maurice Francois
- Stankiewicz Andrzej
- Stasinska Teresa
- Stead Janet
- Steindorf Joerg
- Stewart Murray
- Stockhausen Juergen
- Stone Allegra
- Stonesifer Larry
- Storey Daniel
- Stoyanova Zhasmina
- Stuebler Petra
- Suh David
- Sukumaran Usha
- Swart Hendrik P.
- Sándor Vangel
- Söderberg Stefan
- Taeschner Heidrun
- Taft Lin
- Tahir Mohammed
- Tan Anjanette
- Tan Choon Beng Kathryn
- Tan Marilyn
- Taylon Alain
- Tentolouris Nikolaos
- Tews Dietrich
- Thakkar Maitreya
- Thomas Betsy
- Thorpe Karl
- Thorpe Karl M
- Thuan Jean-Francois
- Tien Kai Jen
- Tinahones Madueno Francisco
- Tirador Louie
- Tonolo Giancarlo
- Torres-Colores Jose Juan
- Torstensson Ingemar
- Trescoli Serrano Carlos
- Trevisan Roberto
- Tricoci Pierluigi
- Tripathy Devjit
- Trznadel-Morawska Iwona
- Tsapas Apostolos
- Tschoepe Diethelm
- Tseng Shih-Ting
- Tu Shih-Te
- Tugwell Barna
- Tzatzagou Glykeria
- Ulied Armiñana Angels
- Ulla Maria
- Urbanek Robin
- Uwaifo Gabriel
- Van Gaal Luc
- Vandyne Beth
- Vaphare Ashok
- Vasilevskaya Olga
- Vass Viktor
- Vedere Amarnath
- Vemulapalli Sreekanth
- Venugopal Chandra
- Verbovaya Nelli
- Vercammen Chris
- Verra Fernando
- Vidrio-Velázquez Maricela
- Viergever Eric P.
- Villagordoa-Mesa Juan
- Vishneva Elena
- Vizel Saul
- Vlasenko Maryna
- Vo Anthony
- Voinot Christel
- Vorobyev Sergey
- Vorokhobina Natalya
- Vouillarmet Julien
- Vrkoc Jan
- Wang Chih-Yuan
- Wang Ji-Hung
- Watson Anthony
- Watson David
- Welch Michelle
- Welker James
- White Alexander
- Wilhelm Karl
- Willis John
- Wilson Matt
- Wilson Tim
- Witek Robert
- Wium Cecilie
- Womer Terese
- Woo Vincent
- Wraight Ella
- Wynne Alan
- Xing Weibing
- Yamwong Sukit
- Yazdani Shahram
- Ye June
- Yoo Soon Jib
- Yordanov Victor
- Yu Jaemyung
- Zabalua Silvina
- Zaidman Cesar
- Zang Eddie
- Zanozina Olga
- Zeller-Stefan Helga
- Zhdanova Elena
- Zlova Tetiana
- Zubiate Carlos
- Zykova Tatyana
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Background:
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Methods:
We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515.
Findings:
Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group.
Interpretation:
In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Funding:
GlaxoSmithKline
The Lara Phenomenon: Powerful Female Characters in Video Games
- Author
- B. Beasley
- B. Gailey
- B. Rehak
- C. A. Anderson
- C. Klimmt
- C. M. J. Braun
- C. Thompson
- D. C. Giles
- D. C. Giles
- D. G. McDonald
- D. Gauntlett
- D. Grossman
- D. Riffe
- D. Williams
- E. F. Provenzo
- E. S. Schneider
- H. W. Kennedy
- J. Brand
- J. Cohen
- J. D. Brown
- J. Jansz
- J. Jean De
- J. L. Sherry
- Jeroen Jansz
- K. Durkin
- K. Haninger
- K. M. Lee
- K. M. Thompson
- L. Zoonen Van
- M. P. Labre
- P. Vorderer
- R. A. Botta
- Raynel G. Martis
- S. Kiousis
- S. L. Smith
- S. L. Smith
- T. Grodal
- T. L. Dietz
- Y. Kafai
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2007
- Field of study
The content of games is an understudied area in social scientific research about video games. The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the understanding of the portrayal of gender and race in games. Previous research on game content has revealed that stereotypical masculine characters dominate video games and that those characters are generally White. Nowadays, quite a few video games have women in leading parts; Tomb Raider's Lara Croft is the prototypical example. In our study we investigated the so-called 'Lara phenomenon,' that is, the appearance of a competent female character in a dominant position. We also studied the portrayal of men and the race of both male and female characters. We did a content analysis on the introductory films of 12 contemporary video games. Our results show that female characters appeared as often in leading parts as male characters did. They were portrayed with a sexualized emphasis on female features. Most game characters belonged to the dominant White race, the heroes exclusively so
The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- Author
- Aawsaj Yousif
- Abayomi Michael
- Acharya Vikas
- Aggarwal Smeer Kumar
- Ahmad Anwar
- Ahmed Irfan
- Ahmed Jamil
- Ahmed Javed
- Ahmed Talat
- Ainley Paul
- Akhtar Mansoor
- Al Amari Khalid
- Al-Abed Yahya A.
- Al-Akash Musallam
- Al-Bahrani Ahmed Z.
- Al-Khyatt Waleed
- Al-Muhktar Ahmed
- Al-Sarireh Bilal
- Al-Taan Omer
- Alagaratnam Swethan
- Alam Imran
- Alberts Justin
- Alderson Derek
- Aldridge Roland C.
- Aleksandrov Danail
- Ali Haythem
- Ali Shahda
- Amin Khalid
- Andrew David R.
- Appleton Shaun
- Arhi Chanpreet
- Aroori Somaiah
- Aryal Kamal
- Asad Mehek
- Aseem Rabiya
- Asprou Fotini M.
- Awan Altaf
- Ayaani Soofiyah
- Aymon null
- Babu Benoy I.
- Bajwa Dalvir S.
- Bajwa Farrukh M.
- Baker Andrew L.
- Balfe Paul
- Ball William R.
- Ballance Laura
- Banwell Victoria
- Barnes James
- Barrie Jenifer
- Bartlett Francis
- Basheer Mohammed
- Bashir Gareth
- Basra Melvinder
- Basu Sanjoy
- Basynat Pradeep
- Batt Jeremy
- Bausbacher Harald
- Bawa Sadiq
- Beasley William D.
- Belding Rowena
- Bellini Maria Irene
- Bennett Stephen P.
- Bhandari Santosh
- Bharamgoudar Reshma
- Bhattacharya Vish
- Blane Christine
- Blazeby Jane M.
- Boal Matthew
- Boddy Alexander
- Boland Michael
- Bond-Smith Giles
- Booth Michael I.
- Borowski David W.
- Bowen Laura
- Boyce Kathryn M.
- Boyd Alan T.
- Bradley Donal
- Bradley Neil
- Brennan Stephen
- Brett Daniel
- Broadhurst Jack
- Brooke Eleanor
- Brown Timothy H.
- Bryant Alice
- Buchan Joanna
- Bullen Naomi
- Bunnell Catherine
- Bunting David M.
- Burke Paul
- Byrne James P.
- Byrnes Colman K.
- Campbell William
- Carney Kate
- Carney Kate
- Carroll Paul
- Carter C. Ross
- Carter Nicholas C.
- Carty Nick
- Cassidy John T.
- Chambers Adam
- Chambers Alice
- Chambers Alice
- Chan Wei Ming
- Chang Jessica
- Charalabopoulos Alexandros
- Chauhan Neal
- Cheung Melanie
- Chhabra Alok
- Chishti Imran A.
- Chitre Vivek
- Choy Alfred
- Cieplucha Krzysztos
- Clements Joshua M.
- Coats Maria
- Cockbain Andrew J.
- Coe Peter O.
- Connelly Martin
- Cooke Fiachra
- Courtney Michael J.
- Cowley Jonathan B.
- Cross Keith S.
- Cuming Tamzin
- Cunha Pedro
- Dalgaty Faith
- Dar Farooq
- Date Ravindra
- Dave Rajiv V.
- Davey Phil
- Davies James
- Dawson Suzanne
- De Marchi Joshua A.
- de Siqueira Jonathan
- Deguara Jean
- Delisle Theo G.
- Dennison A. R.
- Derbyshire Laura
- Devoto Laurence
- Dhillon Ajit
- Diamond Tom
- Dickson-Lowe Richard
- Digney Ruairi
- Dindyal Shiva
- Dobbins Brian
- Doe Matthew
- Dorrian Emmet
- Doulias Triantafyllos
- Downing Justine
- Drake Benjamin
- Driscoll Peter J.
- Duke Diana
- Durkin Damien
- Dwerryhouse Simon J.
- D’Costa Conrad
- Ebdewi Hamdi
- Ebied Husam
- Eisawi Abdalla
- El-Dhuwaib Yesar
- El-Hasani Shamsi S.
- Elkheir Natalie
- Elmasry Mohamed
- Elsayed Mohammed
- Elshaer Mohamed
- Emesih Sophie
- Farag Sameh F.
- Farooq Ansar
- Farouk Marwan
- Fasih Tani
- Fawole Adeshina S.
- Fenwick Stephen
- Ferguson Graeme
- Ferris Paul
- Finch David
- Finch J. G.
- Finlay Ian
- Fleming Katie
- Fletcher Ted
- Fordham Imogen J.
- Forouzanfar Amir
- Forrest Craig R.
- Forster Luke
- Fothergill Laura
- Frame Richard J.
- Francombe James
- Frank Lucinda
- Fusai Guiseppe
- Galanopoulos Giorgios
- Gallagher Paul V.
- Garcea Giuseppe
- Gardner-Thorpe James
- Geoghegan Justin G.
- Geogloma Ileana
- Gerakopoulos Stratos
- Ghareeb Essam
- Ghazanfar Mudassar A.
- Gibson Simon
- Giles Mathew
- Giovinazzo Francesco
- Giwa Lola
- Goh Yan Li
- Gopalswamy Sivakumar
- Goscimski Andrzej
- Gossage James A.
- Gough Martin
- Gould Laura
- Gould Laura
- Grant Alan J.
- Gravante Gianpiero
- Griffiths Ewen
- Griffiths Ewen A.
- Gull Sadaf
- Gunasekera Rohan T.
- Gurung Kabita
- Guthrie Graeme J. K.
- Guy Finch J.
- Hafiz Shazia
- Halkias Constantine
- Hall Claire
- Hamady Zayed
- Hamdan Alhafidz
- Hamdan Mohammed F.
- Hamilton Emma
- Hancorn Kate
- Haque Manzarul
- Haque Samer Ul
- Hardy Thomas J.
- Hargreaves Anita
- Harilingam Mohan
- Harris Andrew
- Harrison Ewen
- Hawkins Helen
- Heath Jonathan
- Hebbar Madhusoodhana
- Henderson Lucy T.
- Henley Natasha
- Heshaishi Mohamed
- Hewes James
- Hewes James C.
- Heywood Nick
- Higgs Simon M.
- Hill Arnold D. K.
- Hindley Caroline
- Hirst Natalie A.
- Hisham Elzanati
- Ho Wei-Min
- Hoban Jennifer R.
- Hodgkins Kathryn A.
- Hodson James
- Holroyd David J.
- Hooks Gareth
- Hopwood Benjamin
- Hornby Steve T.
- Hornsby Jane
- Hosie Kenneth B.
- Hosie Kenneth B.
- Hossack Martin R.
- Hossain Tanvir
- Hoti Emir
- Hou David
- Hrycaiczuk Alex
- Hughes Michael
- Hunter David I.
- Hussain Abdulzahra A.
- Hussain Adnan
- Hussain Anwar
- Hussain Najam
- Iftikhar Syed Yusuf
- Iqbal Nusrat
- Iskandar Edrin
- Issa Eyad
- Ivanovski Ivan
- Jackson Andrew
- Jackson Claire
- Jafferbhoy Sadaf F.
- Jambulingam Periyathambi
- Jamdar Saurabh
- Jamel Sara
- Janeczko Adam
- Jaunoo Shameen
- Jayanthi Naga V. G.
- Jelley Clare
- Jennings Neil A.
- Joel Abraham
- Johnpulle Michelle A.
- Johnston Dorothy
- Johnstone Marianne
- Johnstone Marianne
- Joji Nikita
- Jones Claire
- Jones Elinor
- Jones Gareth H.
- Jones M. Angharad
- Jones Michael J.
- Jones Robert P.
- Jones Steven M.
- Kadhim Abbas
- Kadirkamanathan Sritharan
- Kallaway Charlotte
- Kanakala Venkatesh
- Kanavati Osama
- Kansal Nisheeth
- Kaptanis Sarantos
- Karavadra Babu
- Karim Lawen
- Karunakaran Priyadarssini
- Kaur Parminder
- Kausar Ambareen
- Kelly Michael E.
- Kendal Chris
- Kennedy David
- Kenny Ross
- Keogh Ken
- Khalil Ahmed M.
- Khan Amarah
- Khan Mohammad A.
- Khan Muhammad A. S.
- Khan Raja Basit
- Khan Shabuddin
- Khan Shahab
- Khawaja Amir
- Khawaja Zechan
- Khogali Elmoataz
- Kimble Adam
- Kinghorn Alison
- Kirkham Amanda J.
- Knight Benjamin
- Knight Katrina
- Kourkulos Michail
- Krysztopik Richard
- Kumar Pradeep
- Kynaston James
- Kyriakidis Dimitrios
- Lalla Kushik
- Lambert Joel
- Lammy Simon
- Lane Risha
- Larkin David
- Law Jennifer
- Lawther Roger
- Lazim Taha
- Lee Kathryn
- Lee Matthew
- Leeder Paul
- Lennon Hannah
- Lewis Michael
- Lim Henry C. C.
- Lim Pei J.
- Lindsay David
- Lloyd David
- Lo Christina
- Lodhia Joshil
- Longbotham David A.
- Loughlin Paula
- Lovett Bryony
- Luhmann Andreas
- Luther Ali Alison
- Lyons Emma M.
- Macano Christina A. W.
- MacArtney Matthew
- Macdonald Andrew
- Madanipour Suroosh
- Madbak Khaliel
- Madurska Marta
- Magee Conor J.
- Maguire Donal
- Maharaj Geta
- Majeed Ali
- Malcolm Cathy
- Malde Deep
- Malik Nabeela S.
- Mallik Mekhlola
- Mansour Sami
- Manu Mangta
- Manzelli Antonio
- Marriott Paul
- Martin Jack
- Martin Sean T.
- Martin Serena
- Marudanayagam Ravi
- Mason Denise
- Mathur Pawan
- Mawhinney Abi
- Mbuvi James
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- Virupaksha Suvi
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- Vohra Ravinder S.
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- Watson Nicholas F.
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- Weber Beatrix
- Weerasinghe Chamindri
- Welbourn Hannah
- Wheatley Kevin
- White Timothy J.
- Wijetunga Imeshi
- Wild Jonathan R. L.
- Wilkinson Marc D.
- Williams Sophie V.
- Williamson Tracey K.
- Willson Peter D.
- Wilson Michael S. J.
- Wilson Timothy R.
- Winter Des C.
- Winter Hannah
- Wood Christopher P. J.
- Wood Peter
- Wood Simon
- Woodman Thomas
- Yahya Salama
- Yao Caroline
- Yeldham Geoffrey
- Yoganathan Thusidaran
- Youssef Haney
- Zafar Sara
- Zafrani Zakhi
- Zarsadias Prizzi
- Zeeshan Saquib
- Zhang Catherine
- Ziprin Paul
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations.
Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves.
Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p 90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score.
Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care
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- Gu Wenyi
- Gu Wenyi
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- Guan Qiaoning
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- Guevara Whitney V.
- Gui Qi
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- Gunning Kate
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- Hammon Nancy
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- Hamza Khalid
- Han Guiqing
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- Hanak Vincent A.
- Hancock Julie
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- Harding Adam
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- Hildebrand Carl E.
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- Hillyard Guy
- Hines Sandra
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- Hitchens Matthew Edward
- Ho Issac
- Ho Sara-Jane
- Hodgson Anne V.
- Hodgson David
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- Hogues Marilyn E.
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- Krawczyk Marie-Claude
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- Kube Michael
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- Lovell Jamie
- Lovett Demetria A.
- Lowenstein Michael G.
- Lowry Stephen
- Lozado Ryan J.
- Lu Lingfeng
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- Madabhushi Ramki
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- McMurray Kimberly L.
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- Mercado Iracema C.
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- Murayama Yuji
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- Nair Seema R.
- Naka Maho
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- Nakagawa Saori
- Nakamura Etsuko
- Nakato Eriko
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- Nandkeshwar Richard
- Nankervis Colin E.
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- Nash William
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- Nwokenkwo Stanley
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- Okumura Reina
- Okwuonu Geoffrey O.
- Okwuonu Kenneth C.
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- Olson Maynard V.
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- Patel Ritesh
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- Paul Shelia
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- Pennacchio Len A.
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- Perez Lesette M.
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- Ridler Kerry
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- Rise Cecil
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- Tatsuyama Miho
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- Tester Julieanne
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- Thorne Rachel Diane
- Thorpe Andrea
- Thorpe Karen
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- Thurston Scott
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- Tian Chaoguang
- Tian Wei
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- Tian Yuqing
- Tice Hope
- Tighe Damon
- Tin-Wollam Aye M.
- Tinsley Emma
- Tochigi Miwako
- Togashi Naoko
- Tomizawa Iori
- Tomlinson Chad
- Tong Jingli
- Topham Kerri
- Torcaso Bill
- Torney David C.
- Totoki Yasushi
- Towey Sarah
- Toyoda Atsushi
- Tracey Alan
- Tran Ly Thanh
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- Trani Lee
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- Travers Johnathan
- Trejos Zulma Y.
- Treuhaft Marianne
- Trevino Brenda Kaye
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- Un Chun
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- Ureta-Vidal Abel
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- Wu Chungen
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- Xi Yan
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- Xu Yuning
- Xu Zhihong
- Xu Zuyuan
- Xuan Yali
- Xuan Zhenyu
- Xue Rui
- Yada Tetsushi
- Yadav Shailendra
- Yakub Syed
- Yamamoto Lynn
- Yamamoto Noriko
- Yamamoto Yuko
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- Yang Huanming
- Yang Huanming
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- Yun Rui
- Zainoun Joanne
- Zembeck Lisa
- Zeng Yixin
- Zhai Dong
- Zhan Guoping
- Zhang Bo
- Zhang Caimin
- Zhang Fengmei
- Zhang Guangyu
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingkun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Lanzhi
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Meihua
- Zhang Meng
- Zhang Ming
- Zhang Qing
- Zhang Ruhua
- Zhang Shaojie
- Zhang Tiezhen
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xiaoliang
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Ying
- Zhang Yuansen
- Zhang Yuzhi
- Zhang Zhengdong
- Zhao Hongmei
- Zhao Lijian
- Zhao Shenru
- Zhao Zhijing
- Zhen Zhicheng
- Zheng Haibo
- Zhong Ming
- Zhou Carol
- Zhou Haixia
- Zhou Jianling
- Zhou Nannan
- Zhou Xinfeng
- Zhou Yan
- Zhou Yang
- Zhou Yi
- Zhu Bingying
- Zhu Bofeng
- Zhu Fenghua
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Miao
- Zhu Ning
- Zhu Yongge
- Zhu Zhen
- Zhuang Shitao
- Zierten Deborah
- Zimmer Andrew
- Zody Michael C.
- Zollo Massimo
- Zorrilla Sara E.
- Zuo Lin
- Publication venue
- LSU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 21/10/2004
- Field of study
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
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